Mansour Bayrami; Yazdan Movahedi; Abdolkhalegh Minashiri
Volume 2, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 38-46
Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety disorder, particularly social phobia, is one of the most important disorders. The main aim of the present study was to assess the relationship among metacognitive beliefs, problem solving ability and social phobia disorders symptoms in students. Method: The subjects were 284 male ...
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Introduction: Anxiety disorder, particularly social phobia, is one of the most important disorders. The main aim of the present study was to assess the relationship among metacognitive beliefs, problem solving ability and social phobia disorders symptoms in students. Method: The subjects were 284 male students selected from the University of Tabriz using cluster-random sampling. All of the subjects were asked to answer demographic questions as well as problem solving scale, metacognitive beliefs and social phobia questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analyze. Findings: The results showed that there were significant relationships among metacognitive beliefs, social problem-solving ability and social phobia symptoms. Among these, positive beliefs about worry need to control thought and social problem solving had a significant role in predicting social phobia disorder symptoms, but cognitive awareness, cognitive confidence, and uncontrollability did not have a significant role in predicting social phobia disorder symptoms. Conclusion: Metacognitive beliefs are effective factors in general health. In addition, it is possible to promote students’ mental health by changing metacognitive beliefs which enhance maladaptive and negative thinking styles or general negative beliefs.
ebrahim ahmadi
Abstract
Introduction:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rational reasons on ethical decision making.Method: In order to investigate the effect of rational reasons on moral decisions, the call for participatingin this study was sent to 75000 email addresses of residents of Tehran ...
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Introduction:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rational reasons on ethical decision making.Method: In order to investigate the effect of rational reasons on moral decisions, the call for participatingin this study was sent to 75000 email addresses of residents of Tehran and thesuburbs, which 765 volunteers participated in the study. The research tool was a moral dilemma. In an experimental design, the participants were asked to say which option they would choose if they were in this moral dilemma (their initial decision). Then the participants were randomly assigned itnto three groups: one group was given the reasons confirmingtheir initial decision, the secondgroup was given the reasons opposing their initial decision, and the thirdgroup was given all reasons (confirmingand opposing). Participants were asked to evaluate these reasons. Then theywere asked to choose one of the two options again (their final decision). Results: Fisher's exact test, logistic regression analysis, and variance analysis showed that afew participants changed their initial decision after examining the reasons; the initial decision explained a large proportion of the final decision's variance, and participants evaluated affirming reasons better than opposing ones. These findings suggest that rational reasons do not help to change the people's moral decisions.
Mohsen Golparvar; Zahra Javadian; Zohre Esmailian Ardestani; Akram Ahmadi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 41-51
Abstract
Aims: Given the high prevalence of stress and emotional distress caused by diabetes and also its negative effects on glycemic control in these patients, various methods of psychological intervention have been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of group psychosocial ...
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Aims: Given the high prevalence of stress and emotional distress caused by diabetes and also its negative effects on glycemic control in these patients, various methods of psychological intervention have been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of group psychosocial intervention on indices of mental and physical well-being in diabetic patients. Methods: All women with type2 diabetes in Yazd Diabetes Research Centre were considered as statistical community from which 80 women were selected by random sampling. They completed WBQ-12 questionnaire and diabetes-dependent quality of life questionnaire (ADDQOL) and then were introduced to lab for blood test. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and MANOVA. Results: Statistical analyses showed that the scores of experimental group on quality of life and psychosocial well-being were significantly higher in second stage than first stage. So HbA1c decreased in the experimental group but this difference was not significant. Conclusion: The results showed that group psychosocial intervention has positive effects on glycaemic control in diabetic patients and leads to well-being and better quality of life in these patients. But the effects of this intervention increases over time.
Hossein Zare; Ahmad Alipour; Hamid Poursharifi; Mohammad Afkhami Ardakani; Khadijeh Aarab Sheybani
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 41-52
Abstract
Background: Given the high prevalence of stress and emotional distress caused by diabetes and also its negative effects on glycemic control in these patients, various methods of psychological intervention have been investigated. The present study aims to investigate the impact of group psychosocial intervention ...
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Background: Given the high prevalence of stress and emotional distress caused by diabetes and also its negative effects on glycemic control in these patients, various methods of psychological intervention have been investigated. The present study aims to investigate the impact of group psychosocial intervention on indices of mental and physical well-being in diabetic patients. Methods: All women with type2 diabetes in Yazd Diabetes Research Centre were considered as statistical community from which 80 women were selected by random sampling. They completed WBQ-12 questionnaire and diabetes-dependent quality of life questionnaire (ADDQOL) and then were introduced to lab for blood test. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and MANOVA. Findings: Statistical analysis showed that the scores of experimental group on quality of life and psychosocial well-being were significantly higher in second stage than first stage. So HbA1c was decreased in experimental group but this difference was not significant. Conclusion: The results showed that group psychosocial intervention has positive effects on glycaemic control in diabetic patients and leads to well-being and better quality of life in these patients. But these effects were increased the more time passes.
jafar Bahadorikhosroshahi; Touraj Hashemi Nosrat abad; Jalil Babapur Kheyroddin
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2015, , Pages 44-54
Abstract
Introduction: Social capital is a new concept that nowadays is dealt with. In fact, dealing with this approach reflects its importance and role in psychological health and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between social capital with psychological ...
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Introduction: Social capital is a new concept that nowadays is dealt with. In fact, dealing with this approach reflects its importance and role in psychological health and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between social capital with psychological well-being of Tabriz University students. Method: The research method was descriptive and correlational and the sample included the entire students of Tabriz University who were 15000. Based on Morgan’s table, 400 people (200 males and 200 females) were selected by using cluster sampling. The data were collected by the Delaviz scale of Social Capital and Ryff scale of psychological well-being. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression using SPSS software V.16. Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its components with the psychological Well-being. On the other hand, the results revealed that the social capital and its components can predict changes in psychological well-being significantly. Conclusion: The results revealed that students who have better social capital have better and higher and psychological well-being.
Karim Savari
Volume 2, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 44-51
Abstract
Introduction: In current years, Achievement goals theory could explain & predict academic procrastination through variables such as mastery & Performance goals. Goals: In this search, It is tried to study the simple & multiple relationship of mastery & Performance goals with academic ...
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Introduction: In current years, Achievement goals theory could explain & predict academic procrastination through variables such as mastery & Performance goals. Goals: In this search, It is tried to study the simple & multiple relationship of mastery & Performance goals with academic procrastination among University students of Payam Noor Ahwaz. Methods: The research society were University students of Payame Noor Ahwaz that were chosen 200 students (100 girls & 100 boys) by randomly ways. For data, gathering questionnaires were made by researcher. For analyzing, it data was used descriptive & inferential stasitics. Results: Results showed that there is negative relation between mastery goals and academic procrastination & positive relation between Performance goals and academic procrastination. Conclusions: Regression analysis by using stepwise method showed that mastery goals & Performance goals could be predicted through variance.
Hossin Zare; Ahmad Alipur; Ali Mostafaie
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 45-56
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study Standardization and Normalization Memory Scale Retrospective memory - prospective Crawford et al (2003) For students Fits Retrospective memory - prospective In Iranian culture. Method: The tool used to determine the size and amount Retrospective memory - prospective ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study Standardization and Normalization Memory Scale Retrospective memory - prospective Crawford et al (2003) For students Fits Retrospective memory - prospective In Iranian culture. Method: The tool used to determine the size and amount Retrospective memory - prospective Made by Crawford et al (2003). Content validity of the by Psychology faculty approval and On a random sample of 382 students Implementation Payam Noor University of Urmia. Questions with appropriate statistical methods to analyze Amount validity and reliability, cut off point and Norm scores were determined. Results: The test results Kolmogorov - Smirnov The assumption of normality of the data by Retrospective memory – prospective Equal to 0/703 the Level (P 0/05) Not significant, Therefore we can say that The data obtained from the questionnaires distributed, Its distribution among the normal population. In addition, Test the Kaiser - Meyer – Avlkyn equivalent 0/77 and Bartlett test 1632/835 That level error, Smaller than for 0/01 Was significant.the amount Cronbach's alpha for whole questionnaire equivalent 0/83. Conclusion: Test results show the high reliability.
Jafar Hasani; Sohrab Amiri
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 48-61
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of subliminal emotional experiences in personal and impersonal moral judgment. Method: A total number of 35 students (20 females and 15 males) from Kharazmi University were selected using random sampling and were individually induced ...
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Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of subliminal emotional experiences in personal and impersonal moral judgment. Method: A total number of 35 students (20 females and 15 males) from Kharazmi University were selected using random sampling and were individually induced by subliminal neutral, positive, and negative emotional experiences. After each emotion induction stage, the subjects responded to two personal and impersonal moral stories. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that the induction of subliminal positive and negative emotional experience lead to non-utilitarianism in personal moral judgment but have no effect on impersonal moral judgment.Conclusion: The results reflect the significant role of emotional experiences in moral judgment based cognitive processes.
Mohammad Oraki; maryam siadat; ahmad alipour; farhad jomehri
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the model of predicting job burnout in nurses of Corona ward based on perceived stress mediated by personality type in nurses serving in the medical wards of patients with Covid 19. The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the model of predicting job burnout in nurses of Corona ward based on perceived stress mediated by personality type in nurses serving in the medical wards of patients with Covid 19. The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all nurses working in Imam Khomeini, Sina, Shohada Yaftabad and Atieh hospitals in Tehran in 1399, from which 200 nurses were selected and completed the questionnaires online. The research instruments included Maslash Burnout Scale (1981), Cohen et al. (1983) Perceived Stress Questionnaire and Denolt-D (2000) Personality Type Scale. The results of data analysis showed that the fit indices of the nasal model are in a favorable condition. Perceived stress has a significant direct and indirect effect on burnout (p> 0.05). This means that with increasing perceived stress, the level of burnout increases. Personality type D (negative emotions and social inhibition) on the one hand is affected by perceived stress levels and on the other hand affects the burnout of nurses serving in the medical wards of patients with Covid 19. Therefore, applying perceived stress reduction strategies can reduce nurses 'burnout by promoting nurses' mental health.
Taher Mahbubi
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-based training of hope enhancement in psychological distress of Payame Noor University students. Method: The design of this study was Quasi-experimental involving pre-test and post-test with experimental ...
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Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-based training of hope enhancement in psychological distress of Payame Noor University students. Method: The design of this study was Quasi-experimental involving pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The sample of the study included 32 participants who were selected from the clients who referred the university counseling center through purposive sampling method with regard to the intended standards. Then, the sample was divided randomly into two groups i.e. one experimental and one control group, each consisting of 16 participants. In order to collect the data, clinical interview and Louinda’s (1995) DASS were used to measure the psychological distress of the participants. The experimental group received cognitive-based training of hope enhancement for eight sixty- minute sessions during four consecutive weeks, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that the treatment was effective in reducing the overall psychological distress of the participants and in its three subscales in depression and anxiety subscales. Conclusion: This treatment develops desired qualities in individuals including a sense of optimism and trust in the individual himself/herself to achieve things through right efforts and in addition to reducing depression and anxiety in the individuals, it leads to purposeful actions.
Mona Golestani Fard; Mansoore Nikoogoftar; Hasan Shams Esfandabad
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 52-67
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions (flexibility, planning, and organizing) and memory (active and passive) of monolingual and bilingual students. Method: For this purpose,120 students, including 60 male and female students who were Persian-speaking monolinguals ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions (flexibility, planning, and organizing) and memory (active and passive) of monolingual and bilingual students. Method: For this purpose,120 students, including 60 male and female students who were Persian-speaking monolinguals and aged between 7 to 12 years (30 girls, 30 boys) and 60 Armenian-Persian bilingual students (30 girls, 30 boys) from the second to the sixth grade in district 8 of Tehran were selected by convenience sampling. Andre-ray test was used to measure executive function (planning and organization), and Wisconsin test was used to measure executive function tests (flexibility). Furthermore, 3 × 3 Matrix of Cornoldy was used to measure working memory and Matrix 5 × 5 Cornoldy was used to assess passive memory. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the executive functions of organizing and planning of monolingual students are different from bilingual students. However, there was not a significant difference between the two groups in the passive and working memory. In addition, significant differences were not observed between the genders, except that in monolingual students the executive function of flexibility of girls was better than boys. Conclusion: Based on the results and the advantages of bilingual students in executive functions over monolingual students, early second language education in preschools could be recommended.
hossin zare; Ahmad Rasteghar
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 53-66
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to examine the psychometric features (validity and reliability) of the short form of Need for Cognition Scale (NFS) in high school students. Method: For this purpose, 392 students (168 male and 224 female) of Shiraz high schools were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. ...
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Aims: This study aimed to examine the psychometric features (validity and reliability) of the short form of Need for Cognition Scale (NFS) in high school students. Method: For this purpose, 392 students (168 male and 224 female) of Shiraz high schools were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. They responded to the self-report need for cognition scale developed by Cacciopo et al. To assess the construct validity of this scale, confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency were used. Moreover, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Results: Generally, the goodness of fit characteristics of the confirmatory factor analysis model indicated a good fit of the data with factor structure of the need for cognition scale. Also, internal consistency method indicated the construct validity of the scale and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated the stability of the measurement of the scale. Conclusion: Based on these results, one can use the need for cognition scale developed by Cacciopo et al. as an acceptable measurement tool to study high school students.
Mansoor Beirami; Touraj Hashemi; Mirmahmood Mirnasab; Leila Kolyaei
Volume 7, Issue 1 , August 2018, , Pages 53-74
Abstract
Introduction: Because of The deficit in social competence in students victim of bullying One of the factors to aggravation and continuing victimization of those people, On the other hand, studies have shown the impact of learning problem solving on promoting social competence, The purpose of this research ...
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Introduction: Because of The deficit in social competence in students victim of bullying One of the factors to aggravation and continuing victimization of those people, On the other hand, studies have shown the impact of learning problem solving on promoting social competence, The purpose of this research was determining of effectiveness social problem solving training program on the components of social competence inStudents victim of bullying. Methods This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with thecontrol group. The population studied included all the first period high school female students in Tabriz in the academic year 96-95. The research sample consisted of 30 students was a victim of bullying through multi-stage random cluster sampling of the selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group in 8 sessions were trained in social problem-solving program. For data collection used the social competence scale and victim of bullying California scale. The collected data were analyzed applying SPSS-16 software via ANCOVA method. Results: The finding of the present study demonstrated a significant positive impact of developed social problem solving training on all components of social competence students victim of bullying, (PConclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of developed program to promote social competence on students victim of bullying. It is suggested that social problem solving training program as part of training courses for all Trustees involved with students to promote coping skills students victims of bullying.
Asiye Moradi; Ziba Barghi Irani; Mohammad Javad Bagiyan Koulemarz; Kolsoum Kariminejad; Maryam Zabet
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 57-82
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the current research was to examine factor determination and psychometric features of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Method: The research design was correlational study. The population was college students and clients in psychotherapy and counseling centers ...
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Aim: The aim of the current research was to examine factor determination and psychometric features of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Method: The research design was correlational study. The population was college students and clients in psychotherapy and counseling centers in Kermanshah. The nonclinical student sample was 250 subjects selected randomly (simple) from among the students of the Razi University. Overall, the clients in psychotherapy and counseling clinics in Kermanshah were 100 persons selected by convenient sampling and completed the multidimensional experiential avoidance questionnaire, positive and negative affect schedule, acceptance and action questionnaire-second version, revised questionnaire of personality and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (for divergent validation). To analyze the data, factor analysis method, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and Pearson correlation were run by SPSS 22 and AMOS 21. Results: The result indicated that there were direct and significant relationships among experiential avoidance with negative affect, acceptance and action, negative emotion regulation strategies and neuroticism (P≤0/001). Furthermore, there was a reverse and significant relationship between positive effects and positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation (P≤0/001). The results of discriminant validity showed that there were significant differences between two groups of clinical and nonclinical in behavioral avoidance, confusion disgust, procrastination, distraction/stop, denial, repression and distress tolerance (P≤0/001). The results from confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 44 items into 6 factors. The amounts of Goodness of fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) were at an acceptable level. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for total of the questionnaire was 0.842, behavioral avoidance 0.891, confusion disgust 0.828, procrastination 0.794, distraction/stop 0.681, denial/repression 0.822, and for distress tolerance 0.818. Conclusion: The Persian version of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire in college students population and clinical people have the acceptable psychometric features and might be used as a valid instrument in psychological studies.
Mohammad Oraki; Shima Heidari
Volume 3, special , March 2015, , Pages 59-70
Abstract
Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of action video games on the visual selective attention of children with dyslexia. Method: The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. A total number of 30 male students aged 9 to 11 years with dyslexia ...
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Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of action video games on the visual selective attention of children with dyslexia. Method: The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. A total number of 30 male students aged 9 to 11 years with dyslexia in the city of khorramdareh were selected by simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group took part in 9 sessions (each session for 80 minutes) in an action video game. Data collection was done by using Stroop test, Raven test of intelligence, and CSI-4’s sub-scale including ADHD Test. Data were analyzed using Ancova. Results: The Results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the rate of correct responses, congruent and incongruent Stroop test, the amount of reaction time, and the amount of test time. Conclusion: Results showed that playing action video game increased subjects’ visual selective attention in the experimental group. Furthermore, the results of delayed post-test indicated the stability of the results in the experimental group after 2 months.
sajjad basharpoor; sahar khoshsorour
Abstract
Objective: Self-disgust as a negative self-conscious emotion schema is associated with psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS). Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate ...
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Objective: Self-disgust as a negative self-conscious emotion schema is associated with psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS). Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate students of the Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch in the academic year 98-99, among whom 324 students (201 females, 123 males) were selected randomly by multistage sampling, and they responded to the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale, the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation using SPSSand AMOS. Results: Results of the exploratory factor analysis showed 4 factors with eigenvalues higher than 1 which explained 50/35% of the total variance. Also, confirmatory factor analysis indicators also implied the optimal fitness of four-factor model of this scale. The total reliability of the scale was estimated to be respectively 0.91 and 0.87 using Cronbach’s alpha and split half. Convergent validity and divergent validity were also confirmed by calculating scale correlation through the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale respectively (p < 0.01). Also, this scale had a positive and significant correlation with neuroticism and a negative and significant correlation with openness to experience (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS) is characterized by relatively proper validity and reliability for application in Iranian samples and can be a suitable tool in the researches of thisfield.
Salaam Rahimi; Fatemeh Alipoor
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental Disorders are disorders in which the development of the brain or central nervous system is impaired during development and, as a person grows, they negatively affect memory, learning ability, emotions, and social relationships. To improve the dimensions of development, including cognitive, ...
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders are disorders in which the development of the brain or central nervous system is impaired during development and, as a person grows, they negatively affect memory, learning ability, emotions, and social relationships. To improve the dimensions of development, including cognitive, emotional, emotional and social cognition of these people, there are various programs, among which teaching the theory of mind, is one of the most controversial issues in developmental psychology. The present study was conducted by meta-analysis method with the aim of combining the researches done in the field of teaching the theory of mind and developmental dimensions of learners with developmental neurological disorders. The statistical population of the present meta-analysis is the available research related to teaching the theory of mind and the dimensions of growth, which were published between 2009 and 1400. Based on the defined criteria of entry and exit of initial studies and sensitivity analysis, 64 effect sizes from 22 initial studies were reviewed and analyzed by CMA software. The results showed that the effect size of the random model summary was equal to 0.687 which was statistically significant and indicates the positive effect of teaching the theory of mind and applying it on the developmental dimensions cognition of children.
Majid Baradaran
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 67-76
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this research was to study the comparison of temperament and character dimensions and cognitive emotion regulation in anxious and normal students. Method:The study was a causal-comparative study and 87 anxious individuals and 87 normal individuals were selected from the students ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this research was to study the comparison of temperament and character dimensions and cognitive emotion regulation in anxious and normal students. Method:The study was a causal-comparative study and 87 anxious individuals and 87 normal individuals were selected from the students of Payame Noor University of rasht city as the sample of the study. The groups( anxious individuals and normal individuals) matched in demographic features(age and sex) and completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Temperament and Character Inventory. Results: Results revealed that there were significant differences between anxious and normal students in all factors of cognitive emotion regulation(self blame, other blame, acceptance,rumination, positive refocusing,refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, putting in to perspective, catastrophizing) and temperament and character dimensions (Harm avoidance, self-directiveness, co-operativeness and self-transendence). Conclusion: The results show that cognitive emotion regulation and temperament and character dimensions determine the anxiety intensity in anxious people.
somayeh negahdari; mohammad hasan seif; mohammad reza sarmadi; mehran farajollahi; ahmad rastegar
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to present a causal model of the need for cognition and immersion in digital games among high school students in the academic year of 2017-18 in Shiraz by using path analysis method. Method: The statistical sample of this study consisted of 600 students of ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to present a causal model of the need for cognition and immersion in digital games among high school students in the academic year of 2017-18 in Shiraz by using path analysis method. Method: The statistical sample of this study consisted of 600 students of Shiraz city who were selected through multistage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were Cacioppo and Petty' Need for Cognition (NFC) (1982), Williams and Deci' Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ) (1996), VandeWalle et al.'s Goal Orientation (2001), Pekrun et al.' Academic Emotions (2005), Jackson Wicklewood’s Intrinsic Flow of Learning (2008) (Second Edition), and Brown and Forer' Flow and Immersion (2010) questionnaires. Results: In general, the results showed that the need for cognition has direct effect on emotions, goal orientation and intrinsic flow of learning. Also, emotions and intrinsic learning flow have a direct effect on immersion and fluidity. The need for cognition with mediating the goal orientation and flow of learning and emotions, and also goal orientation and intrinsic flow have indirect effect on immersion. Conclusion: All variables in this study explain 0.30 of the variables in the immersion and the model has a good fit with respect to the data.
hossein salimi; Ezatollah Ghadampour; Fatemeh Rezaei
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and communication skills with sacrifice due to psychological crisis using structural equation modeling method. Method: The present study used a correlation and single-stage cluster sampling method ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and communication skills with sacrifice due to psychological crisis using structural equation modeling method. Method: The present study used a correlation and single-stage cluster sampling method to test the structural relationship between environmental factors and communication skills with the mediation of psychological distress and victims of bullying among 350 middle school students in Boukan city. For this purpose, the Iranian version of Moradi victimization scale (2009) and Lewinda's Depression (1995), Anxiety and Stress Scale for measuring psychological crisis, Samini's Social Support (1995), Queendom's Communication Skills (2004), and perception of the school atmosphere derived from the scale of the classroom environment of the Trickett and Moos(1973) Information gathering tools were used. Results: The results of the structural equation analysis showed that the conceptual model of the research with Chi-square test was 63/33 and the degree of freedom of 51 are well fitted. Psychological aesthetics, communication skills and environmental factors directly provide good predictors for the victimization of knowledge students were. Also, communication skills and environmental factors predicted indirectly by the psychological crisis of the victim.Conclusion:The results showed that, in line with the conceptual model, the dimensions of psychological crisis, communication skills and environmental factors directly and indirectly related to the victimization of students.
Mahbobeh Taher; nader hajloo
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 72-93
Abstract
The aim of this research was studied effectiveness and comparing empathy and anger management trainings on social cognition in children with oppositional defiant disorder. The method of research is experimental and research design is pretest- posttest with multi groups. The sample consisted of 54 boy ...
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The aim of this research was studied effectiveness and comparing empathy and anger management trainings on social cognition in children with oppositional defiant disorder. The method of research is experimental and research design is pretest- posttest with multi groups. The sample consisted of 54 boy students of seventh and eighth grades with oppositional defiant disorder in 2014-2015 academic years in Sari city, which were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and were assigned to 3 groups (2 experimental groups and 1 control groups). For data collecting were used from oppositional defiant disorder rating scale for children (Homerson et al., 2006), the structured clinical interview (First et al., 1999) and social stories (Tur-Kaspa & Brayran, 1994). For educational groups, empathy training and anger management training was executed at 8 weekly sessions in 60 minutes whereas control group have any training. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed empathy training and anger management training can improve social cognition (and it's components) and the effectiveness of the trainings according to eta squared is 84 percent (P
farin saydi; hosein zare; majid safarinia; nasrolah erfani
Abstract
Objective: Infidelity is an emotional, social, familial, legal, and moral complex problem causes adverse consequences. The ability to tolerate the distress of infidelity can be influenced by a variety of factors. According to these varieties, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating ...
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Objective: Infidelity is an emotional, social, familial, legal, and moral complex problem causes adverse consequences. The ability to tolerate the distress of infidelity can be influenced by a variety of factors. According to these varieties, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive flexibility and stress perception in the relationship between psychological capital and forgiveness with distress tolerance. Method: The method of present study was a correlational study of structural equation modelling. The statistical population in the present study included all married men and women with an experience of infidelity, who referred to family counseling centers in Tehran in in fall and winter in 2019, which Among them 215 people were selected by random cluster sampling method. They completed the distress tolerance, psychological capital, and Forgiveness and stress perception questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-22 software and analysis of indexes fitness in moment structures (AMOS). Results: The results were supported the fitness of the proposed model after controlling the overlap between two variables. The results of structural equation analysis and regression indicated that there are significance coefficients of direct path in the final model. Also According to the first path, the mediaing role of the cognitive flexibility was identified in the relationship between psychological capital and forgiveness with distress tolerance in couples. But in the second path, it was found that the stress perception variable had a modulating role in the positive effect of forgiveness and psychological capital on distress tolerance. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that although psychological capital and forgiveness have a positive direct effect on distress tolerance in couples who suffering from marital infidelity. However, high cognitive flexibility has a facilitating role and in contrast to the high perceived stress has a moderating role on distress tolerance.
Cognitive psycholog
Farzaneh Abdollahzadeh Bina; Hassan Sabouri Moghaddam; Abbas Bakhshipour Roudsari
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on social-informational conformity, considering the moderating role of gender. Method: Two groups (male and female), each group consisting of 24 people aged 18-30, were selected from ...
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Introduction: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on social-informational conformity, considering the moderating role of gender. Method: Two groups (male and female), each group consisting of 24 people aged 18-30, were selected from Tabriz University students' society with a non-random and available sampling method. The current research design was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and a post-test. In the pre-test stage, the social-informational conformity computerized task was implemented. Then, two sessions (each, 20 minutes) of transcranial direct current stimulation were applied. In the post-test phase, the same social-informational conformity task was performed. Finally, the findings were analyzed with repeated measures variance analysis and covariance analysis in SPSS version 24 software. Findings: The amount of social-informational conformity increased in both groups after applying transcranial direct current stimulation, and gender did not moderate the effect of this stimulation. Conclusion: Transcranial direct current stimulation has the same effect on conformity in both men and women. Also, cathodal stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex significantly increases the tendency for social-informational conformity in women and men when the participants' initial decision is different from the majority. Since cathodal stimulation reduces neuronal firing, cortical excitability, and motor-evoked potentials, it is reasoned that the reduction of vmPFC stimulation enhances the conformity behavior in people.
Cognitive linguistics
Mahdieh Rahmanian; Maryam Zamani; Sahrzad Pakdelan
Abstract
Introduction: Memory and concentration are two main components of cognitive functions that play a significant role in the human learning process. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of two therapeutic methods of mindfulness training and transcranial electrical stimulation along ...
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Introduction: Memory and concentration are two main components of cognitive functions that play a significant role in the human learning process. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of two therapeutic methods of mindfulness training and transcranial electrical stimulation along with N-Back memory strengthening exercise in improving the memory function and concentration of students. Method: The current research method is applied and the method of data collection is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test research design. In order to investigate the objectives of the research, 30 subjects were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. All participants performed Wechsler clinical memory test and TOVA test. Then one group underwent a mindfulness test and the other group participated in transcranial electrical stimulation sessions along with N-Back memory strengthening exercise. At the end, both groups were re-evaluated. Findings: The results of this research showed that both intervention methods, namely mindfulness training and transcranial electrical stimulation along with N-Back memory strengthening exercise, improve memory and concentration. Both methods had an effect on improving attention performance. In terms of memory components, the two groups differed only in the visual memory component. Based on the results, transcranial electrical stimulation combined with N-Back memory training was more effective than mindfulness training. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that both methods are effective in improving attention, but biological treatments perform better. It will be when biological foundations and specific cognitive processes are considered.
Mahnaz Aliakbari; Tayebeh Mohtashmi; Prasto Hasanzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 44-58
Abstract
Objective: the aim of this research was to study psychometric characteristics of masculinity and femininity factors in short form Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory with emphasis on factor analysis in Iranian population. Method: Statistical population of this research was included employed women and men in Tehran ...
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Objective: the aim of this research was to study psychometric characteristics of masculinity and femininity factors in short form Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory with emphasis on factor analysis in Iranian population. Method: Statistical population of this research was included employed women and men in Tehran City`s state companies, administrations and organizations that About 1000 employed women and men randomly selected by multi-phases clustering sampling from statistical population. Research tool was Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory. For studying the scale`s reliability was used of Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and for studying the scale`s validity used of exploratory factor analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Cronbach`s alpha coefficient showed that Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory has high reliability in both masculinity and femininity factors and Confirmatory factor analysis showed that model has poor fitness in determining factors in the primary form expressed by Bem, while the results of 30 items` exploratory factor analysis showed three factors, masculinity, femininity and neutral with changing in some main items. Conclusion: Results show that not only some of femininity and masculinity traits have changed under culture and governing values on Iran society, but olso importance of masculine and feminine traits are under governing culture on society.
