با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن روانشناسی اجتماعی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار روانشناسی دانشگاه یزد

2 دانشیار روانشناسی تربیتی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر در قالب یک مدل علّی، ساز و کار فرایند تصمیم‌گیری را با رویکرد شناخت داغ مورد بررسی قرار داد. در این راستا، مبتنی بر مدل پردازش دوگانه کلازینسکی (2004)، هیجان شادی و ابعاد سبک‌های شناختی (نیاز به شناخت، نیاز به ساختار و نیاز به قطعیت) به‌عنوان متغیر برون‌زاد، تمایلات فراشناختی متغیر واسطه‌ای و تصمیم‌گیری تحلیلی متغیر درون‌زاد مدل در نظر گرفته شدند. روش: شرکت‌کنندگان پژوهش، شامل 228 دانشجوی دختر و پسر مقطع کارشناسی دانشگاه شیراز بودند. مقیاس نیاز به شناخت (کاچیوپو و همکاران، 1996)، نیاز به ساختار و نیاز به قطعیت (تامپسون و همکاران، 1992)، به‌عنوان شاخص سبک‌های شناختی؛ مقیاس شادی (لیبومیرسکی و لپر، 1999)؛ مقیاس تفکر فعال روشنفکرانه (استانوویچ و وست، 2007) و مقیاس تصمیم‌گیری (کلازینسکی، 2001) مورداستفاده قرار گرفتند. پایایی ابزارهای پژوهش به روش آلفای کرونباخ و روایی آن‌ها به شیوه تحلیل عاملی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهند که هیجان شادی، تصمیم‌گیری تحلیلی را به‌صورت منفی پیش‌بینی می‌کند؛ این پیش‌بینی هم به‌صورت مستقیم و هم به‌صورت غیرمستقیم (از طریق واسطه‌گری تفکر روشنفکرانه) صورت می‌گیرد؛ بدین شکل که هیجان شادی پیش‌بینی کننده منفی تفکر روشنفکرانه است و در ادامه تفکر روشنفکرانه، تصمیم‌گیری تحلیلی را به‌صورت مثبت پیش‌بینی می‌کند. در مقابل بعد نیاز به شناخت (از ابعاد سبک‌های شناختی) به‌صورت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم (با واسطه‌گری تفکر روشنفکرانه)، تصمیم‌ گیری تحلیلی را به‌صورت مثبت پیش‌بینی می‌کند. بعد دوم سبک‌های شناختی یعنی نیاز به ساختار پیش‌بینی کننده منفی تفکر روشنفکرانه است و بدین ترتیب با واسطه‌گری این متغیر، تصمیم‌ گیری تحلیلی را به‌صورت منفی پیش‌بینی می‌کند. درنهایت یافته‌ها حاکی از آن بود که بعد نیاز به قطعیت پیش‌بینی کننده تصمیم‌ گیری تحلیلی نیست.
نتیجه‌گیری: درمجموع نتایج پژوهش حاضر تائیدی است بر رویکرد شناخت داغ و به‌طور خاص مدل پردازش دوگانه کلازینسکی، مبنی بر اینکه فرایندهای شناختی، به‌ویژه تصمیم‌گیری تحلیلی، تحت تأثیر حالات هیجانی، وضعیت انگیزشی (سبک‌های شناختی) و تمایلات فراشناختی می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Prediction of Analytic Decision Making by Happiness and Cognitive Styles Dimensions with the Mediational Role of Metacognitive Disposition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Rahimi 1
  • Bahram Jokar 2

1 Assistant Professor in Psychology, Yazd University

2 Associated Professor in Educational Psychology, Shiraz

چکیده [English]

The aim of present study was investigating the mechanism of decision making process from the hot cognition view. So, the effect of happiness as an emotion and cognitive styles dimensions (need for cognition, need for structure and need for decisiveness) as a motivation index on analytic decision making (based on Klaczynski (2004) dual processes model) were checked. In this model, metacognitive disposition was the mediator variable. Actively open-minded thinking checked as an index of metacognitive disposition.
The sample group included 228 bachelor girl and boy students of Shiraz University. Need for cognition (Cacioppo, et. al., 1996), need for structure and need for decisiveness (Thompson et. al., 1992), happiness (lyubomirski & Lepper, 1999), actively open-minded thinking (Stanovich & West, 2007) and decision making (Klaczynski, 2001) scales were performed. Validity and reliability of the scales confirmed.
Result showed the negative direct and indirect (from open-minded thinking) prediction of analytic decision making by happiness. This result repeated for need for cognition, but positively. Need for structure predicted decision making negatively and only trough open-minded thinking variable. Need for decisiveness did not predict decision making.
Therefore, this study confirmed dual processes model of decision making and the role of emotion, motivation and metacognition disposition in decision making process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • happiness
  • cognitive styles dimensions
  • actively open-minded thinking
  • analytic decision making
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