Mona Golestani Fard; Mansoore Nikoogoftar; Hasan Shams Esfandabad
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 52-67
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions (flexibility, planning, and organizing) and memory (active and passive) of monolingual and bilingual students. Method: For this purpose,120 students, including 60 male and female students who were Persian-speaking monolinguals ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions (flexibility, planning, and organizing) and memory (active and passive) of monolingual and bilingual students. Method: For this purpose,120 students, including 60 male and female students who were Persian-speaking monolinguals and aged between 7 to 12 years (30 girls, 30 boys) and 60 Armenian-Persian bilingual students (30 girls, 30 boys) from the second to the sixth grade in district 8 of Tehran were selected by convenience sampling. Andre-ray test was used to measure executive function (planning and organization), and Wisconsin test was used to measure executive function tests (flexibility). Furthermore, 3 × 3 Matrix of Cornoldy was used to measure working memory and Matrix 5 × 5 Cornoldy was used to assess passive memory. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the executive functions of organizing and planning of monolingual students are different from bilingual students. However, there was not a significant difference between the two groups in the passive and working memory. In addition, significant differences were not observed between the genders, except that in monolingual students the executive function of flexibility of girls was better than boys. Conclusion: Based on the results and the advantages of bilingual students in executive functions over monolingual students, early second language education in preschools could be recommended.
hossin zare; Ahmad Rasteghar
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 53-66
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to examine the psychometric features (validity and reliability) of the short form of Need for Cognition Scale (NFS) in high school students. Method: For this purpose, 392 students (168 male and 224 female) of Shiraz high schools were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. ...
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Aims: This study aimed to examine the psychometric features (validity and reliability) of the short form of Need for Cognition Scale (NFS) in high school students. Method: For this purpose, 392 students (168 male and 224 female) of Shiraz high schools were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. They responded to the self-report need for cognition scale developed by Cacciopo et al. To assess the construct validity of this scale, confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency were used. Moreover, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Results: Generally, the goodness of fit characteristics of the confirmatory factor analysis model indicated a good fit of the data with factor structure of the need for cognition scale. Also, internal consistency method indicated the construct validity of the scale and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated the stability of the measurement of the scale. Conclusion: Based on these results, one can use the need for cognition scale developed by Cacciopo et al. as an acceptable measurement tool to study high school students.
Mansoor Beirami; Touraj Hashemi; Mirmahmood Mirnasab; Leila Kolyaei
Volume 7, Issue 1 , August 2018, , Pages 53-74
Abstract
Introduction: Because of The deficit in social competence in students victim of bullying One of the factors to aggravation and continuing victimization of those people, On the other hand, studies have shown the impact of learning problem solving on promoting social competence, The purpose of this research ...
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Introduction: Because of The deficit in social competence in students victim of bullying One of the factors to aggravation and continuing victimization of those people, On the other hand, studies have shown the impact of learning problem solving on promoting social competence, The purpose of this research was determining of effectiveness social problem solving training program on the components of social competence inStudents victim of bullying. Methods This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with thecontrol group. The population studied included all the first period high school female students in Tabriz in the academic year 96-95. The research sample consisted of 30 students was a victim of bullying through multi-stage random cluster sampling of the selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group in 8 sessions were trained in social problem-solving program. For data collection used the social competence scale and victim of bullying California scale. The collected data were analyzed applying SPSS-16 software via ANCOVA method. Results: The finding of the present study demonstrated a significant positive impact of developed social problem solving training on all components of social competence students victim of bullying, (PConclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of developed program to promote social competence on students victim of bullying. It is suggested that social problem solving training program as part of training courses for all Trustees involved with students to promote coping skills students victims of bullying.
Asiye Moradi; Ziba Barghi Irani; Mohammad Javad Bagiyan Koulemarz; Kolsoum Kariminejad; Maryam Zabet
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 57-82
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the current research was to examine factor determination and psychometric features of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Method: The research design was correlational study. The population was college students and clients in psychotherapy and counseling centers ...
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Aim: The aim of the current research was to examine factor determination and psychometric features of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Method: The research design was correlational study. The population was college students and clients in psychotherapy and counseling centers in Kermanshah. The nonclinical student sample was 250 subjects selected randomly (simple) from among the students of the Razi University. Overall, the clients in psychotherapy and counseling clinics in Kermanshah were 100 persons selected by convenient sampling and completed the multidimensional experiential avoidance questionnaire, positive and negative affect schedule, acceptance and action questionnaire-second version, revised questionnaire of personality and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (for divergent validation). To analyze the data, factor analysis method, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and Pearson correlation were run by SPSS 22 and AMOS 21. Results: The result indicated that there were direct and significant relationships among experiential avoidance with negative affect, acceptance and action, negative emotion regulation strategies and neuroticism (P≤0/001). Furthermore, there was a reverse and significant relationship between positive effects and positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation (P≤0/001). The results of discriminant validity showed that there were significant differences between two groups of clinical and nonclinical in behavioral avoidance, confusion disgust, procrastination, distraction/stop, denial, repression and distress tolerance (P≤0/001). The results from confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 44 items into 6 factors. The amounts of Goodness of fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) were at an acceptable level. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for total of the questionnaire was 0.842, behavioral avoidance 0.891, confusion disgust 0.828, procrastination 0.794, distraction/stop 0.681, denial/repression 0.822, and for distress tolerance 0.818. Conclusion: The Persian version of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire in college students population and clinical people have the acceptable psychometric features and might be used as a valid instrument in psychological studies.
Mohammad Oraki; Shima Heidari
Volume 3, special , March 2015, , Pages 59-70
Abstract
Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of action video games on the visual selective attention of children with dyslexia. Method: The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. A total number of 30 male students aged 9 to 11 years with dyslexia ...
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Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of action video games on the visual selective attention of children with dyslexia. Method: The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. A total number of 30 male students aged 9 to 11 years with dyslexia in the city of khorramdareh were selected by simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group took part in 9 sessions (each session for 80 minutes) in an action video game. Data collection was done by using Stroop test, Raven test of intelligence, and CSI-4’s sub-scale including ADHD Test. Data were analyzed using Ancova. Results: The Results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the rate of correct responses, congruent and incongruent Stroop test, the amount of reaction time, and the amount of test time. Conclusion: Results showed that playing action video game increased subjects’ visual selective attention in the experimental group. Furthermore, the results of delayed post-test indicated the stability of the results in the experimental group after 2 months.
sajjad basharpoor; sahar khoshsorour
Abstract
Objective: Self-disgust as a negative self-conscious emotion schema is associated with psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS). Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate ...
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Objective: Self-disgust as a negative self-conscious emotion schema is associated with psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS). Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate students of the Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch in the academic year 98-99, among whom 324 students (201 females, 123 males) were selected randomly by multistage sampling, and they responded to the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale, the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation using SPSSand AMOS. Results: Results of the exploratory factor analysis showed 4 factors with eigenvalues higher than 1 which explained 50/35% of the total variance. Also, confirmatory factor analysis indicators also implied the optimal fitness of four-factor model of this scale. The total reliability of the scale was estimated to be respectively 0.91 and 0.87 using Cronbach’s alpha and split half. Convergent validity and divergent validity were also confirmed by calculating scale correlation through the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale respectively (p < 0.01). Also, this scale had a positive and significant correlation with neuroticism and a negative and significant correlation with openness to experience (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS) is characterized by relatively proper validity and reliability for application in Iranian samples and can be a suitable tool in the researches of thisfield.
Salaam Rahimi; Fatemeh Alipoor
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental Disorders are disorders in which the development of the brain or central nervous system is impaired during development and, as a person grows, they negatively affect memory, learning ability, emotions, and social relationships. To improve the dimensions of development, including cognitive, ...
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders are disorders in which the development of the brain or central nervous system is impaired during development and, as a person grows, they negatively affect memory, learning ability, emotions, and social relationships. To improve the dimensions of development, including cognitive, emotional, emotional and social cognition of these people, there are various programs, among which teaching the theory of mind, is one of the most controversial issues in developmental psychology. The present study was conducted by meta-analysis method with the aim of combining the researches done in the field of teaching the theory of mind and developmental dimensions of learners with developmental neurological disorders. The statistical population of the present meta-analysis is the available research related to teaching the theory of mind and the dimensions of growth, which were published between 2009 and 1400. Based on the defined criteria of entry and exit of initial studies and sensitivity analysis, 64 effect sizes from 22 initial studies were reviewed and analyzed by CMA software. The results showed that the effect size of the random model summary was equal to 0.687 which was statistically significant and indicates the positive effect of teaching the theory of mind and applying it on the developmental dimensions cognition of children.
Majid Baradaran
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 67-76
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this research was to study the comparison of temperament and character dimensions and cognitive emotion regulation in anxious and normal students. Method:The study was a causal-comparative study and 87 anxious individuals and 87 normal individuals were selected from the students ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this research was to study the comparison of temperament and character dimensions and cognitive emotion regulation in anxious and normal students. Method:The study was a causal-comparative study and 87 anxious individuals and 87 normal individuals were selected from the students of Payame Noor University of rasht city as the sample of the study. The groups( anxious individuals and normal individuals) matched in demographic features(age and sex) and completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Temperament and Character Inventory. Results: Results revealed that there were significant differences between anxious and normal students in all factors of cognitive emotion regulation(self blame, other blame, acceptance,rumination, positive refocusing,refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, putting in to perspective, catastrophizing) and temperament and character dimensions (Harm avoidance, self-directiveness, co-operativeness and self-transendence). Conclusion: The results show that cognitive emotion regulation and temperament and character dimensions determine the anxiety intensity in anxious people.
somayeh negahdari; mohammad hasan seif; mohammad reza sarmadi; mehran farajollahi; ahmad rastegar
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to present a causal model of the need for cognition and immersion in digital games among high school students in the academic year of 2017-18 in Shiraz by using path analysis method. Method: The statistical sample of this study consisted of 600 students of ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to present a causal model of the need for cognition and immersion in digital games among high school students in the academic year of 2017-18 in Shiraz by using path analysis method. Method: The statistical sample of this study consisted of 600 students of Shiraz city who were selected through multistage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were Cacioppo and Petty' Need for Cognition (NFC) (1982), Williams and Deci' Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ) (1996), VandeWalle et al.'s Goal Orientation (2001), Pekrun et al.' Academic Emotions (2005), Jackson Wicklewood’s Intrinsic Flow of Learning (2008) (Second Edition), and Brown and Forer' Flow and Immersion (2010) questionnaires. Results: In general, the results showed that the need for cognition has direct effect on emotions, goal orientation and intrinsic flow of learning. Also, emotions and intrinsic learning flow have a direct effect on immersion and fluidity. The need for cognition with mediating the goal orientation and flow of learning and emotions, and also goal orientation and intrinsic flow have indirect effect on immersion. Conclusion: All variables in this study explain 0.30 of the variables in the immersion and the model has a good fit with respect to the data.
social Psychology
hanieh ojaghizadeh; Sajjad Basharpoor
Abstract
Aim: he present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Self and Other Emotional Mentalization Scale (Kasper et al., 2024) among Iranian university students. Emotional mentalization refers to the ability to understand and interpret one's own and others' behaviors ...
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Aim: he present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Self and Other Emotional Mentalization Scale (Kasper et al., 2024) among Iranian university students. Emotional mentalization refers to the ability to understand and interpret one's own and others' behaviors based on internal mental states such as emotions, thoughts, and beliefs. Accurate assessment of this construct is essential in psychological research. Methods: The statistical population included all students at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during the 2023–2024 academic year. A total of 272 students (150 females and 122 males) were selected using a multistage cluster random sampling method. The participants completed the Emotional Mentalization Scale, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2006), and the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). Data were analyzed using SPSS27 and AMOS24 software. Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified three core components: Self, Others, and Communication, which together explained 61% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor model with acceptable fit indices (χ²/df = 2.34, RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.92). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.79 to 0.87, and 0.89 for the total scale, indicating good internal consistency. Significant correlations were also observed between the subscales and the two external measures, supporting convergent validity (p < .05). Conclusion: the findings demonstrate that the Persian version of the Emotional Mentalization Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for use in psychological research among Iranian student populations.
hossein salimi; Ezatollah Ghadampour; Fatemeh Rezaei
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and communication skills with sacrifice due to psychological crisis using structural equation modeling method. Method: The present study used a correlation and single-stage cluster sampling method ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and communication skills with sacrifice due to psychological crisis using structural equation modeling method. Method: The present study used a correlation and single-stage cluster sampling method to test the structural relationship between environmental factors and communication skills with the mediation of psychological distress and victims of bullying among 350 middle school students in Boukan city. For this purpose, the Iranian version of Moradi victimization scale (2009) and Lewinda's Depression (1995), Anxiety and Stress Scale for measuring psychological crisis, Samini's Social Support (1995), Queendom's Communication Skills (2004), and perception of the school atmosphere derived from the scale of the classroom environment of the Trickett and Moos(1973) Information gathering tools were used. Results: The results of the structural equation analysis showed that the conceptual model of the research with Chi-square test was 63/33 and the degree of freedom of 51 are well fitted. Psychological aesthetics, communication skills and environmental factors directly provide good predictors for the victimization of knowledge students were. Also, communication skills and environmental factors predicted indirectly by the psychological crisis of the victim.Conclusion:The results showed that, in line with the conceptual model, the dimensions of psychological crisis, communication skills and environmental factors directly and indirectly related to the victimization of students.
Mahbobeh Taher; nader hajloo
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 72-93
Abstract
The aim of this research was studied effectiveness and comparing empathy and anger management trainings on social cognition in children with oppositional defiant disorder. The method of research is experimental and research design is pretest- posttest with multi groups. The sample consisted of 54 boy ...
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The aim of this research was studied effectiveness and comparing empathy and anger management trainings on social cognition in children with oppositional defiant disorder. The method of research is experimental and research design is pretest- posttest with multi groups. The sample consisted of 54 boy students of seventh and eighth grades with oppositional defiant disorder in 2014-2015 academic years in Sari city, which were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and were assigned to 3 groups (2 experimental groups and 1 control groups). For data collecting were used from oppositional defiant disorder rating scale for children (Homerson et al., 2006), the structured clinical interview (First et al., 1999) and social stories (Tur-Kaspa & Brayran, 1994). For educational groups, empathy training and anger management training was executed at 8 weekly sessions in 60 minutes whereas control group have any training. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed empathy training and anger management training can improve social cognition (and it's components) and the effectiveness of the trainings according to eta squared is 84 percent (P
farin saydi; hosein zare; majid safarinia; nasrolah erfani
Abstract
Objective: Infidelity is an emotional, social, familial, legal, and moral complex problem causes adverse consequences. The ability to tolerate the distress of infidelity can be influenced by a variety of factors. According to these varieties, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating ...
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Objective: Infidelity is an emotional, social, familial, legal, and moral complex problem causes adverse consequences. The ability to tolerate the distress of infidelity can be influenced by a variety of factors. According to these varieties, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive flexibility and stress perception in the relationship between psychological capital and forgiveness with distress tolerance. Method: The method of present study was a correlational study of structural equation modelling. The statistical population in the present study included all married men and women with an experience of infidelity, who referred to family counseling centers in Tehran in in fall and winter in 2019, which Among them 215 people were selected by random cluster sampling method. They completed the distress tolerance, psychological capital, and Forgiveness and stress perception questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-22 software and analysis of indexes fitness in moment structures (AMOS). Results: The results were supported the fitness of the proposed model after controlling the overlap between two variables. The results of structural equation analysis and regression indicated that there are significance coefficients of direct path in the final model. Also According to the first path, the mediaing role of the cognitive flexibility was identified in the relationship between psychological capital and forgiveness with distress tolerance in couples. But in the second path, it was found that the stress perception variable had a modulating role in the positive effect of forgiveness and psychological capital on distress tolerance. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that although psychological capital and forgiveness have a positive direct effect on distress tolerance in couples who suffering from marital infidelity. However, high cognitive flexibility has a facilitating role and in contrast to the high perceived stress has a moderating role on distress tolerance.
Mahnaz Aliakbari; Tayebeh Mohtashmi; Prasto Hasanzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 44-58
Abstract
Objective: the aim of this research was to study psychometric characteristics of masculinity and femininity factors in short form Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory with emphasis on factor analysis in Iranian population. Method: Statistical population of this research was included employed women and men in Tehran ...
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Objective: the aim of this research was to study psychometric characteristics of masculinity and femininity factors in short form Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory with emphasis on factor analysis in Iranian population. Method: Statistical population of this research was included employed women and men in Tehran City`s state companies, administrations and organizations that About 1000 employed women and men randomly selected by multi-phases clustering sampling from statistical population. Research tool was Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory. For studying the scale`s reliability was used of Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and for studying the scale`s validity used of exploratory factor analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Cronbach`s alpha coefficient showed that Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory has high reliability in both masculinity and femininity factors and Confirmatory factor analysis showed that model has poor fitness in determining factors in the primary form expressed by Bem, while the results of 30 items` exploratory factor analysis showed three factors, masculinity, femininity and neutral with changing in some main items. Conclusion: Results show that not only some of femininity and masculinity traits have changed under culture and governing values on Iran society, but olso importance of masculine and feminine traits are under governing culture on society.
Vahid Nejati; Sara Aghayi Sabet; Marzyeh Khoshali Panah
Volume 2, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 47-53
Abstract
Introduction: Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have difficulties in social interactions with peers and are confronted with peers rejection and social isolation. However, some researchers do not have agreement about this issue. So the purpose of this study was the comparison ...
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Introduction: Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have difficulties in social interactions with peers and are confronted with peers rejection and social isolation. However, some researchers do not have agreement about this issue. So the purpose of this study was the comparison of the social cognition ability in ADHD children and normal children. Method: For this reason, Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET) was conducted to 25 ADHD children and 25 normal children who were matched for age and IQ. Findings: The results indicated that the performance of ADHD children in RMET was significantly lower than the control group. Conclusions: Since the mind reading is one of the most important elements of the social cognition, it can be concluded that impairment in mind reading ability is one of the affective factors in failure of these children in social interactions and interpersonal relationship.
Reza Shabahang; Mohammad Ali Besharat; Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe; Manijeh Firoozi; Abbas Rahiminejad
Abstract
Introduction: By expanding the culture of celebrities, experts talk about strong desire to celebrities and their related issues;in this regard, parasocialbonds can play important roles in worshippingcelebrities. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of parasocial interactionexperience, ...
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Introduction: By expanding the culture of celebrities, experts talk about strong desire to celebrities and their related issues;in this regard, parasocialbonds can play important roles in worshippingcelebrities. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of parasocial interactionexperience, parasocial interaction, and par asocial breakdown in predicting theworship ofcelebrities.Method: The research design was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of students of the faculty of literature and humanity sciences of the University of Guilan in 2018. In this study, 240 female and male students were selected throughconvenience sampling method. For collecting data, Celebrity Worship Attitude Scale (McCutcheon et al., 2002), Parasocial Interaction Experience scale (Hartmann &Goldhoorn, 2011), parasocial interaction scale (Rubin et al., 1985) and parasocial breakup scale(Cohen, 2003) were used. Then, data were analyzed throughPearson correlation formula and multiple regression method. Results: The results indicated that the parasocial interaction and parasocial breakup could significantly predict the worship ofcelebrities, whileparasocial interaction experience was not able to predict theworshipof celebrities. Conclusion: According to the results, the parasocial interaction and parasocial breakup play important roles in fascination tofavorite celebrities and worshiping them. Therefore, interventions to reduce extreme parasocial interactions, as well as the reduction of aversive behaviors and emotions after the parasocial breakup, can lead to the reduction in worshipping celebrities and consequently reducing its problems.
Fatemeh Bayanfar; Nehzat Raheli Moghadam
Abstract
Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of academic adjustment based on cognitive load, cognitive flexibility, and metacognitive awareness, with the mediation of social-emotional competence and time perspective. Method:Research method was descriptive ,correlational ...
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Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of academic adjustment based on cognitive load, cognitive flexibility, and metacognitive awareness, with the mediation of social-emotional competence and time perspective. Method:Research method was descriptive ,correlational and structural equation modeling.The statistical population included all high school students of Talesh city in the academic year 2021-2022, which Among them 384 people were selected by accessible sampling method and completed the questionnaires online. The instruments was include Baker & Seriak's academic adjustment scale (1984), Paas, Van Merenboer, Adam's (1994) cognitive load questionnaire, Dennis& Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire, Mokhtari &Richard's (2002) metacognitive awareness of reading strategies questionnaire, social-emotional competence scale by Ming Ming Zhou& Jesse E. (2012), Zimbardo &Boyd's time perspective questionnaire (1999). The results showed that the conceptual model developed had a good fit with the data. The results of structural equation analysis indicated the significance of the coefficients of the direct path between cognitive load and cognitive flexibility with academic adjustment in the final model. According to the first path, the positive mediating role of social-emotional competence in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and metacognitive awareness It was determined with academic adjustment. In the second path, it was found that the time perspective has a positive role due to cognitive flexibility and metacognitive awareness on academic adjustment. Conclusion: Using strategies to increase cognitive flexibility and metacognitive awareness and reduce undesirable cognitive load can lead to an increase in academic adjustment in students.
Mohammad Oraki; Chiman Jamali; Mehran Farajollahi; Ali Karimi Firouzjaei
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 52-61
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of relationship enrichment on the rate of compatibility of married students. Method: The study was a quasi- experimental study with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population comprised of 30 university student couples ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of relationship enrichment on the rate of compatibility of married students. Method: The study was a quasi- experimental study with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population comprised of 30 university student couples of Payame-Noor University of Uromieh. The couples were randomly divided into control (15 couples) and experimental groups (15 couples). The independent variable was relationship enrichment that was tested on experimental group in 10 sessions. The control group was not exposed to any variable. The research instrument was marital adjustment questionnaire. Results: the results showed that relationship enrichment is effective for couples’ compatibility, the aspects of which include: marital satisfaction, marital solidarity, couples agreement, and expression of love. Conclusion: Relationship enrichment increases the marital compatibility.
Alireza Aghayoosefi; Hossein Zare; somaieh porbafrany
Volume 2, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 52-68
Abstract
Introduction: the purpose of this research is the calculation primary reliability and validity personal fable and new imaginary audience scale to evaluate egocentrism among adults. Method: 308 students of payame noor university were sampled by sampling, volunteer They were asked to complete personal ...
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Introduction: the purpose of this research is the calculation primary reliability and validity personal fable and new imaginary audience scale to evaluate egocentrism among adults. Method: 308 students of payame noor university were sampled by sampling, volunteer They were asked to complete personal fable scale and new imaginary audience scale (1967) in order to evaluate egocentrism. Also, both Beck depression inventory form blend (1970) and zuckerman sensation seeking (1978) were used to determine concurrent validity. Achieved data was analyzed by Pierson's conjunction coefficient, cronbach’s Alpha, Guttmann split-half, and factorial analysis. Findings: Analyzing data indicated that there is correlation, indirect and meaningful between personal fable scale with depression (p’s Alpha 0/78 and the reliability of imaginary audience is achieved by cronbach’s Alpha 0/86 and the reliability of imaginary audience is achieved by Guttmann split-half 0/75, and then, by factorial analysis to personal fable scale was extracted 3 factors and to imaginary audience was extracted 11 factors. Conclusion: calculation primary personal fable scales and new imaginary audience are as reliability and validate tools/means in order to evaluate egocentrism among adults.
Psychology
somayeh negahdari; Mohammad Hassan Seyfe
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to provide a causal model of cognitive flexibility on addiction to social network with the mediating role of self-efficacy, psychological well-being and cognitive empathy. Methodology: descriptive correlational method was used in this study. The statistical population ...
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The main purpose of this study was to provide a causal model of cognitive flexibility on addiction to social network with the mediating role of self-efficacy, psychological well-being and cognitive empathy. Methodology: descriptive correlational method was used in this study. The statistical population were all second year high school students of Shiraz city in the academic year of 1399-1400, they were included 68,152. The sample size was 382 which selected according to Cochran's formula. The sampling method used was a multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection instruments included cognitive flexibility questionnaires by Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010), cognitive empathy by Jolliffe and Farrington (2006), psychological well-being by Rief (1989), general self-efficacy by Sherer et al. (1982) and addiction to social networks by Ahmadi et al (1395). Findings: The path analysis method was used to analyze the data. Research findings indicated that cognitive flexibility has a direct effect on self-efficacy, psychological well-being, and cognitive empathy. Also, self-efficacy, psychological well-being and cognitive empathy have a direct effect on addiction to social networks. Generally, it can be said that self-efficacy, psychological well-being, and cognitive empathy has a mediating role in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and addiction to social networks. Conclusion: All the variables mentioned in this study explained only 0.07 of the variables in addiction to social network and the research model has a relatively goodness of fit regarding the data.Keywords: cognitive flexibility, addiction to social networks, self-efficacy, psychological well-being, cognitive empathy
Psychology
Asie Moradi; Kamran Yazdanbakhsh; Zahra Mahdian
Abstract
Purpose: Since there is a positive relationship between executive functions and theory of mind with moral judgment, in the current research, the aim is to investigate the relationship between executive functions and moral judgment with regard to the mediating role of theory of mind.Method: This descriptive-correlation ...
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Purpose: Since there is a positive relationship between executive functions and theory of mind with moral judgment, in the current research, the aim is to investigate the relationship between executive functions and moral judgment with regard to the mediating role of theory of mind.Method: This descriptive-correlation study was based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was 9 to 11-year-old children of Ilam City, and 370 of them were selected by convenience sampling method. Sinha and Verma's (1971) moral judgment questionnaire, Ghamrani et al.'s (2006) theory of mind, and Barkley's (2012) executive functions were used to collect information. The data were analyzed by Spearman's correlation and structural equation modeling using SPSS version 24 and Smart PLS version 3 software.Findings: The findings showed that there is a relationship between executive functions and moral judgment (β=0/246 % & P<0/05), executive functions and theory of mind (β=0/545 % & P<0/05), and theory of mind and moral judgment (β=0/494 % & P<0/05). Also, the mediating role of the theory of mind in the relationship between executive functions and moral judgment (β=0/269 % & P<0/05) was confirmed.Conclusion: Executive function is the underlying cognitive capacity that enables and facilitates higher level cognition such as reasoning and decision making in moral situations. Also, the executive function has an effect on improving the level of the theory of mind. Therefore, in order to improve moral judgment, intervention programs that target the development of executive functions should be given more attention; Because it is possible to provide a suitable platform for improving the level of the theory of mind through the improvement of executive functions, and the improvement of the theory of mind will affect the progress of moral judgments.
ali Farhadi; yazdan movahedi; amir azizi; Fazlullah GhasemiKeli; kolsom karimi nejad
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2015, , Pages 55-66
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was administrated to determine the effectiveness of social skills, training on promoting the theory of mind in aggressive adolescents. Method: The statistical population consisted of male students of high schools in Bukan city in the academic year of 2014. The statistical ...
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Introduction: The present study was administrated to determine the effectiveness of social skills, training on promoting the theory of mind in aggressive adolescents. Method: The statistical population consisted of male students of high schools in Bukan city in the academic year of 2014. The statistical sample included 40 students who had higher scores after completing the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire. These students took part in the theory of mind test as well. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical test of multivariate variance. Resultss: The results of multivariate variance analysis indicated that social skills training in experimental group had a significant effect on promoting the theory of mind and decreasing aggression. It can be claimed that social skills training leads to decrease of aggression in adolescents.
Taiebeh Yeganeh; Abbas Ali Hosseinkhanzadeh; Mohammad Reza Zarbakhsh
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 57-72
Abstract
Introduction: As one of the serious problems in students with ADHD disorder is insufficiency in social skills, the current study aimed at studying the Effectiveness of social skill training via cognitive-behavioral approach on Reducing Symptoms of ADHD disorder in students. Method: The method was experimental ...
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Introduction: As one of the serious problems in students with ADHD disorder is insufficiency in social skills, the current study aimed at studying the Effectiveness of social skill training via cognitive-behavioral approach on Reducing Symptoms of ADHD disorder in students. Method: The method was experimental and the research design was pre-test, post-test with control group and two months follow-up. The statistic population included all female elementary students of 5th and 6th grades with ADHD disorder in Langrood city in 2012-13 educational year. The subjects, 30 students, were selected via random multilevel clustering as samples and were divided into two experimental and control groups. Walker Social Skills Curriculum was presented in 17 sessions during two months for members of the experimental group. Results: The results of repeated measures Ancova showed that there is a significant difference between the rate of symptoms of ADHD disorder during post-test and follow-up. Conclusion: Based on the results of current research and similar ones, it is expected that social skills training programs be considered as a complement aspect to schools curriculums.
Educational Psychology
Ali Mostafaee; Jila Ahmadi
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between perceived social support and academic well-being of female students of the second year of high school in Mahabad city with the mediating role of self-compassion and pleasure-seeking. The research method is descriptive ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between perceived social support and academic well-being of female students of the second year of high school in Mahabad city with the mediating role of self-compassion and pleasure-seeking. The research method is descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population was the total female students of the second period of high school in Mahabad city, whose number was 3621. 348 students (After removing 35 incomplete questionnaires) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were zimet et al.'s Perceived Social Support Scale (1988), Tuominen-Soinie etal.'s Academic Well-Being (2012), Neff's Self-Compassion scale (2003), and Snaith_Hamilton's anhedonia Scale (1995). Data were analyzed with spss 26 and pls 3 software. The results showed that there is a positive relationship (0.01) between pleasure seeking and academic well-being between perceived social support and academic well-being; Perceived social support and hedonism; self-compassion and academic well-being; and there is a positive relationship between perceived social support and self-compassion (0.05). Self-compassion plays a mediating role between perceived social support and academic well-being; Hedonism also plays a mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and academic well-being.
Saeed Talebi; Hossin zare
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 62-75
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the content validity ratio as well as the construct validity of Educational Expectations Questionnaire. Furthermore, it investigated the role of Others' Expectations on the change of attitude towards using E-curriculum content. Method: The method was correlation ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the content validity ratio as well as the construct validity of Educational Expectations Questionnaire. Furthermore, it investigated the role of Others' Expectations on the change of attitude towards using E-curriculum content. Method: The method was correlation and the population included the PNU students of Fars province. The sample was selected based on Krejcie and Morgan formula and cluster sampling. Two instruments including the Teo Questionnaires (2006) and a researcher made Questionnaire of Educational Expectations were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using second confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regressions. Results: The three factors of friends and peers, teachers, and parents explained 53.71% of the total variance of Educational Expectations Questionnaire. Although in Lawshe`s Content Validity Ratio method three questions had been removed, in this study none of the questions in the second confirmatory factor analysis were deleted. Also, there was a meaningful relationship between educational expectations of friends and peers (ß=0.369), teachers (ß=0.302) and parents (ß=0.287) with changing attitudes towards electronic content. In addition, parents' (ß=0.173) and teachers' (ß=0.230) expectations influence friends' and peers' expectations from each other. Conclusion: In general, the Educational Expectations Scale has good content and construct validity and can be used to assess Others' Expectations from students. In addition, the model presented in this study is an appropriate model for investigating Others' Expectations of the change of attitude towards the E-curriculum content.
