social Psychology
Nikoo Norozi; Ensiyeh Babaee
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of family functioning and loneliness in predicting the tendency to become addicted to Internet among high school girls with working parents. Method: The statistical population included all high school female students in the academic year ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of family functioning and loneliness in predicting the tendency to become addicted to Internet among high school girls with working parents. Method: The statistical population included all high school female students in the academic year of 1400-1401 in Hersin city with working parents, from which 162 people were selected based on the Karjesi-Morgan table by random cluster sampling. Internet addiction questionnaires by Young (1996), Russell, Pilova, and Ferguson (1978) and family functioning questionnaires by Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishab (1950) were used to collect data. Findings: Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The obtained results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between family functioning and the tendency to become addicted to Internet. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between the feeling of loneliness and the tendency to be addicted to Internet (p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that family function 0.314 and feeling alone 0.348 significantly predicted the variance of addiction to Internet (p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that the variables of family functioning and loneliness have a decisive role in the tendency to become addicted to Internet.
Mohsen Golparvar; Zahra Javadian; Zahra Vaseghi; Mohammad Reza Mosaheb; Zohre Esmailian Ardestani
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 73-86
Abstract
Introduction: This study was administered with the aim of studying the interactional role of perceived organizational justice dimensions on retaliatory behaviors. Method: The research statistical population was 800 male employees of some industrial companies in Isfahan city, from among them 275 were ...
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Introduction: This study was administered with the aim of studying the interactional role of perceived organizational justice dimensions on retaliatory behaviors. Method: The research statistical population was 800 male employees of some industrial companies in Isfahan city, from among them 275 were selected by convenience sampling. Research instruments consisted of distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice questionnaires (Golparvar & Nadi, 2010) and organizational retaliatory behaviors questionnaire (Skarlicki & Folger, 1997). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and moderated hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The results revealed that interactional and procedural justice moderate the relationship between distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory from the colleagues and from the time; however, they do not moderate the relationship between distributive justice and retaliation from the facilities. The results also showed that in low procedural and interactional justice, there is stronger relationship between distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time. That is, with increase of perceived distributive justice, tendency to verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time has decreased. Conclusion: Evidences from current research revealed that the levels of procedural and interactional justice are important for relating distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time.
Mahdye Rahmanian; Maryam Zamani; Nahid Noriyan; sayeed Karinnejad
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 76-88
Abstract
Introduction: People’s perception about the world they live in is one of the abilities that can influence their decisions or actions in different situations. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the factors that could affect people’s perception. Method: To do so, 64 students ...
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Introduction: People’s perception about the world they live in is one of the abilities that can influence their decisions or actions in different situations. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the factors that could affect people’s perception. Method: To do so, 64 students of Payame Noor University were selected using random sampling method. After answering the Personality and Critical Thinking Questionnaires, the subjects watched a film which included a fixed dialogue performed in 4 different situations for 5 minutes. Then, based on the film, they responded to a questionnaire. Results: The findings showed that there is no significant relationship between personality traits and critical thinking. However, there were significant relationships between some personality traits and situation elements. In addition, three cognitive abilities including inductive thinking, evaluation and deduction were associated with the location shown in the film. Finally, the results indicated the significant correlation between thinking with location and people’s perception. Conclusion: This research showed that thinking is essential for perception. In addition, through transferring its elements as information units as well as interfering in the type of employed cognitive ability, situational context affects people's type of conception
Sahnaz Nohi; Hamidreza Hatami; Masoud Janbozorgi; Asraf Sadat Banijamali
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 77-90
Abstract
Introduction: Parenting styles of parents, have important roles in children's physical and psychological health. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of combined parenting Education (biological-social) to Mothers on perceived self–efficacy of overweight children. Method: The ...
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Introduction: Parenting styles of parents, have important roles in children's physical and psychological health. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of combined parenting Education (biological-social) to Mothers on perceived self–efficacy of overweight children. Method: The method was quasi- experimental. The studied population included all overweight boy elementary school students (Region Two and Five in Tehran) with their mothers. Overall 50 mothers with their children selected Through available sampling. finally, due to the drop of 2 subjects, 48 people remained in the study and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups consist of 24 people. The experimental group trained, 90 minutes sessions weekly for 2.5 months (10 sessions) and control group received no intervention. Prior to and after Training, all participant completed demographic information questionnaire, Children completed perceived self- efficacy questionnaire too and their BMI were measured. Findings: Data analysis with Ancova and Mancova showed that Parenting education improves the perceived self-efficacy scores in the experimental group compared with the control group (P
Fateme Dehghan; Kamran Yazdanbash; Khodamorad Momany
Volume 3, special , March 2015, , Pages 83-96
Abstract
Introduction: Theory of mind is one of the most important topics in social cognition, and since it is a prerequisite to understand the social environment and involvement in competitive social behavior in recent decades, it has been considered in the field of psychology. Therefore, the main purpose of ...
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Introduction: Theory of mind is one of the most important topics in social cognition, and since it is a prerequisite to understand the social environment and involvement in competitive social behavior in recent decades, it has been considered in the field of psychology. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills training on enhancing children's theory of mind. Method: The study was an experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The population consisted of all normal 8-9 years female students in Kermanshah. In this regard, 30 students were selected by cluster and random sampling and were randomly assignment to experimental and control groups. Theory of mind scale as a test of 38 questions was used to obtain the data. The experimental group was trained in communication skills during seven sessions of treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (covariance). Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in terms of theory of mind (p
Mercedeh Norouzi; Firoozeh Sepehrian Azar
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 83-99
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the Theory of Mind, the Concept of God, and the Concept of homeland among nursery and preschool children with different parenting styles. Method: This research was a post-event descriptive study. The statistical population included kindergarten ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the Theory of Mind, the Concept of God, and the Concept of homeland among nursery and preschool children with different parenting styles. Method: This research was a post-event descriptive study. The statistical population included kindergarten and pre-school children in Tehran. The 51 children, who were between 3.5 to 6 years old, were selected by convenience sampling. Then they were classified into three groups based on their parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative and permissive. Theory of mind was measured by games for all the participants; God's image was measured through drawings and descriptions of God, and the cognitive concept of homeland through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The results showed that the number of children who achieved the theory of mind in families with authoritative parenting style was more than their counterparts in other families. The results also indicated that the kind image of God in children with authoritarian parenting is lower than the other two groups. Finally, there was no significant relationship between the concept of homeland and methods of parenting. Conclusion: Based on the results, we can say that authoritative parenting style influences the formation of the theory of mind and the kind image of God.
Elham Rezaeifar; mojgan sepahmansour; roya kochakentezar; shirin kooshki
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing Marital Stability Model based on Personality Characteristics and Perceived Stress mediating by problem solving styles. Method: To do the research, 500 married women in Tehran City were selected through Loehlin (2004) method using ...
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Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing Marital Stability Model based on Personality Characteristics and Perceived Stress mediating by problem solving styles. Method: To do the research, 500 married women in Tehran City were selected through Loehlin (2004) method using available sampling method. To measure the study variables, Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein, 1983), Marital Instability Index (Edwards, Johnson & Booth, 1987), the short form of NEO Personality Five- Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985), and Problem- Solving Style (Cassidy & Long, 1996) were used. The study was based on structural equation modeling, specifically, the regression equations. Results: The findings showed that Personality Characteristics and Perceived Stress Mediating by problem Solving styles had an indirect effect on Marital Stability. Conclusion: The fit indices showed that the proposed model in the study has a good fit with the data gathered from married women and a close relationship with the theoretical assumptions.
Fatemeh Hamzavi Abedi; Fatemeh Bagherian; Mohammad Ali Mazaheri
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 84-96
Abstract
Aims: People’s understanding of their social world has a significant impact on their behavior. Their perception of their role in society and social expectations of them are important parts of this understanding. This study investigated young -18 to 25 year old- women’s perception of femininity ...
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Aims: People’s understanding of their social world has a significant impact on their behavior. Their perception of their role in society and social expectations of them are important parts of this understanding. This study investigated young -18 to 25 year old- women’s perception of femininity and the social expectations related to it. Method: The study used descriptive design and availability sampling. Forty-five female students from Fars, Turk, and Kurd ethnicities participated voluntarily in this explorative study. Seven focus groups, each consisting of 6-8 participants discussed femininity, social expectations from women, and their experiences in this regard. Results: Content analysis of focus groups discussions revealed 8 themes in young women’s perception of feminine norms. The most important of these themes were success-directedness especially in education on one hand and chastity on the other hand. Conclusion: The findings revealed that there are notable similarities between young Iranian women’s perception of feminine norms with those of young women from other cultures. On the other hand, norms such as chastity, religiousness, and respect for elders are among themes that distinguish our findings from western studies’ results.
Mahdieh Rahmanian; Mahdi Dehestani; Seyedeh Fatemeh Alavi Barogh
Volume 7, Issue 1 , August 2018, , Pages 91-104
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate effectiveness acceptance and commitment therapy on irrational beliefs and bias toward incentives with negative emotions in adolescent girls. Methods: This study used a Semi-experimental design with pretest - posttest with the control group. The study population ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to investigate effectiveness acceptance and commitment therapy on irrational beliefs and bias toward incentives with negative emotions in adolescent girls. Methods: This study used a Semi-experimental design with pretest - posttest with the control group. The study population included all high school grade female students studying in Qom that had been formed in the school year 95-94. The final sample size of 40 girls with irrational beliefs were high that the sampling method chosen and randomly divided, were counted into two groups (n = 20) and control (n = 20). Instruments included Jones Irrational Beliefs Scale and the dot-probe test. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy by Hayes, Astrvsal and Wilson (1999) built-in 6 sessions on experimental group was 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Research results show that Acceptance and commitment therapy is not effective on irrational beliefs teen girls (p > 0/05), but were significant effects on bias toward incentives with negative emotions (p ≤ 0/01). Conclusion: Generally Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) because of increasing psychological flexibility and client relationship is established with time makes also lead to action by changing the values of individual references to cross be, can be treated as a psychological-of the right to reduce attentional bias to negative emotional triggers respectively.
saeedeh fanayi; Hosein zare; mahdieh rahmanian; Majid Safariniya
Abstract
The aim of this study wasCheck to the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on cognitive flexibility, perceived stress, quality of life, adherence to treatment and biomarkers (A1C) in patients with type 2 diabetes.The present study was a quasi-experimental study and its design was ...
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The aim of this study wasCheck to the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on cognitive flexibility, perceived stress, quality of life, adherence to treatment and biomarkers (A1C) in patients with type 2 diabetes.The present study was a quasi-experimental study and its design was divided into two experimental groups and a control group with three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up (Six months). The statistical population of the present study included all patients with type 2 diabetes who had a file in the Isfahan Diabetes Association in 1398 and 1399 . The sample size was considered for each group of 15 people. The sampling method was purposive and individuals were randomly selected into two groups of acceptance and commitment therapy (n = 15), and control group (n = 15). In this study, data were used using demographic characteristics questionnaire, cognitive flexibility questionnaire, perceived stress questionnaire, adherence therapy questionnaire, quality of life questionnaire for diabetic patients, acceptance and practice questionnaire, second edition and glycosylated hemoglobin test (E.NOC). (HbA1c) were obtained. The results showed that there acceptance and commitment based therapy on cognitive flexibility, perceived stress, quality of life, adherence to treatment and biomarkers (A1C) in patients with type 2 diabetes
Sohrab Amiri; Ali Isazadegan; Abolghasem Yaghobi; Mohammad Hossein Abdollah
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 97-112
Abstract
Introduction: Emotion could facilitate memory encoding and consolidation processes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate emotional memory based on high and low sensory processing sensitivity. Method: For this purpose, first, 500 students in Bu Ali Sina University in Hamadan's were selected through ...
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Introduction: Emotion could facilitate memory encoding and consolidation processes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate emotional memory based on high and low sensory processing sensitivity. Method: For this purpose, first, 500 students in Bu Ali Sina University in Hamadan's were selected through a multistage cluster sampling. After the initial data analysis, 45 students were selected based on final score distribution (Z Standard) in Sensory Processing Sensitivity Scale. Then, to test the hypothesis of this study, the participants were studied for evaluating their emotional memory. In the first phase, some emotional images were displayed to participants, and in the second stage with a 15-day time interval, the recognition rate for the first stage of emotional images was evaluated. To evaluate the results of the study, collected data were analyzed by using MANCOVA, univariate covariance and post hoc tests. Result: The results showed significant differences in emotional memory between three groups based on sensory processing sensitivity: Participants with high sensory processing sensitivity (HSP) in the first stage of emotional memory retrieval gained higher in most components of emotional memory compared with individuals with low sensory processing sensitivity (LSP). However, in the second stage of emotional memory retrieval, people with low sensory processing sensitivity (LSP) had a better performance. Conclusion: It seems that difference in the sensitivity to sensory stimuli processing, as a biological aspect, plays an effective role in encoding and consolidation of emotional memories.
Psychology
Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini chaleshtari; Ghasem Ghojavand; Jafar Talebian sharif
Abstract
This study aimed to predict video game addiction based on the variables of self-confidence and social exclusion among adolescent girls in Mashhad. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design with an applied purpose. The statistical population comprised all female high school students aged ...
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This study aimed to predict video game addiction based on the variables of self-confidence and social exclusion among adolescent girls in Mashhad. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design with an applied purpose. The statistical population comprised all female high school students aged 16-18 in Mashhad during the 2024-2025 academic year. A sample of 310 participants was selected through cluster sampling. Data collection instruments included Wang and Chang’s (2022) Video Game Addiction Questionnaire, Moradi et al.’s (2024) Self-confidence Questionnaire, Hof and Roman’s (2011) Social Exclusion Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) were calculated, while inferential analysis employed stepwise linear regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results revealed Social exclusion alone accounted for 37 percent of the variance in video game addiction (R²=0.37), A significant positive correlation was found between video game addiction and both self-confidence and social exclusion. Together, these variables predicted 43percent of video game addiction variance (R²=0.43, F=118.781, p<0.001). Video game addiction was significantly predictable based on self-confidence and social exclusion measures. The results demonstrate that both self-confidence and social exclusion serve as crucial predictive factors for video game addiction among adolescent girls. These findings suggest that School counselors and adolescent psychologists should prioritize these variables when addressing video game addiction cases, Intervention programs should focus on enhancing self-confidence while reducing social exclusion experiences, Preventive strategies need to incorporate both psychological and social dimensions.
Hojjat Mahdavi rad; Valeolla Farzad; shirin kooshki
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is a structural model of academic performance based on academic self-efficacy and academic motivation mediated by cognitive strategies. The present study is an applied and correlational research using structural equation modeling. Method:The statistical population ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study is a structural model of academic performance based on academic self-efficacy and academic motivation mediated by cognitive strategies. The present study is an applied and correlational research using structural equation modeling. Method:The statistical population was all students from which 470 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The research instruments were Migli et al.'s (1998) Achievement Goals Questionnaire, Morris Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (2001) and Pintrich et al.'s (1991) Motivational Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Results:Research data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that all models of research variables had a good fit. In the assumed model, achievement goals with academic performance mediated by cognitive strategies had full effect and direct effect and indirect effect was insignificant. The effect of academic self-efficacy with academic performance mediated by cognitive strategies had a full effect and a significant direct effect, but the indirect effect is non-significant. The effect of academic self-efficacy was significant with 5% academic achievement. Conclusion: The results showed that the variable of academic self-efficacy has a significant effect on academic performance and can explain 37% of the variance of academic performance. Teachers, counselors and parents can use the variable of academic self-efficacy to enhance students' academic performance.
Mohammad Oraki; puran sami
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 107-119
Abstract
MS is a disease of the central nervous system myelin echoed. That is one of the most common neurological disease affecting young adults is a disease in humans disabilities. In this regard, reform and knowledge to create the beliefs and understanding of the disease,can also contribute to a realistic perception ...
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MS is a disease of the central nervous system myelin echoed. That is one of the most common neurological disease affecting young adults is a disease in humans disabilities. In this regard, reform and knowledge to create the beliefs and understanding of the disease,can also contribute to a realistic perception of patients the disease,reduce the severity of the disease.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the perception of disease and disease severity in MS.The methods used in this study is experimental procedure that is performed in two experimental and control groups.The study population included 2500 patients with MS, the MS Society's members from Of them 30 people have voluntarily chosen sampling And randomly were divided into two experimental and control groups.Illness Perception Questionnaire Data collection was revised and expanded disability status scale was completed by patients,120 minutes of training in 8 sessions were offered to groups of 15 persons After the end of training,the scores of both groups were measured.Data were analyzed using ANCOVA.The findings of this study showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy integrated(MBCTI) on the perception of MS patients have had significant effect But the severity of the disease have had significant effect.The results showed that MBCTI with MS patients has an impact on the perception the disease And improve the patient's level of understanding and realistic, But severity of the disease (physical) in these patients did not
Mohammad hassan Seif
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the causal relation model of cognitive absorption and perceived learning through the mediating role of cognitive engagement and perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness through path analysis. Method: To do so, the sample of study included ...
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Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the causal relation model of cognitive absorption and perceived learning through the mediating role of cognitive engagement and perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness through path analysis. Method: To do so, the sample of study included 273 students of virtual courses from Shiraz Payame Noor University selected through random sampling, and were asked to answer questionnaires of Cognitive Engagement (Wang& Eccles, 2013), Cognitive Absorption (Agarwal & Karahana, 2000) Perceived Learning (Rovai& et al, 2009), Perceived Ease of Use (Hsu & Lu, 2004) and Perceived Usefulness (Kim& et al,2007) subscales. Results: Overall, the results indicated the indirect effects of cognitive absorption components on perceived learning. Conclusions: The results showed cognitive absorption and their components through cognitive engagement and perceived ease of use and perceived effect on perceived learning, as control and curiosity through cognitive engagement and perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have direct and indirect effect on perceived learning and temporal dissociation, focused immersion and heightened enjoyment, through cognitive engagement and perceived usefulness had indirect effect on perceived learning. The whole variables in this study explain 42% of changes in the perceived learning.
REZA DANESHPAJOUH; Mahdi purmohamad; Alireza Mahdavian
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important factors in employee job dissatisfaction is the inability to solve individual and organizational problems. When these problems are new or complex, innovative and effective decision making is a very important factor in solving them. According to the researcher's ...
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Introduction: One of the most important factors in employee job dissatisfaction is the inability to solve individual and organizational problems. When these problems are new or complex, innovative and effective decision making is a very important factor in solving them. According to the researcher's studies, the effect of problem solving skills on job satisfaction and employee creativity in Iranian companies and organizations has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training in improving job satisfaction and creativity of employees. Method: This study is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Subjects were selected using the available sampling method. The problem solving skills were taught to 50 employees who get the lowest score in the problem-solving ability self-assessment test. Then, their job satisfaction and creativity were evaluated before, immediately, and 4 months after the end of training. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there is a positive correlation between problem solving skills, job satisfaction, and employees’ creativity. Conclusion: problem solving skills training, as a short-term psychological intervention, can increase job satisfaction and creativity of staff, and the effect of this intervention will remain stable over time.
Psychology
Mehdi Shomali Ahmadabadi; atefeh barkhordari ahmadabadi
Abstract
Cognitive issues are among the key factors contributing to psychological, behavioral problems, and numerous social anomalies. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure cognitive egocentrism in Iranian adults. The research, based on a survey methodology and aimed at practical ...
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Cognitive issues are among the key factors contributing to psychological, behavioral problems, and numerous social anomalies. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure cognitive egocentrism in Iranian adults. The research, based on a survey methodology and aimed at practical applications, included a sample of 558 Iranian adults from the city of Ardakan who participated voluntarily. The research tools comprised the Cognitive Bias Questionnaire (Wudy et al., 1997) and the Empathy Questionnaire (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006). Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson correlation, utilizing version 26 of SPSS and version 24 of AMOS. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the questionnaire consists of five dimensions: belief alignment, resistance to opposing views, cognitive superiority, seeking validation, and social conformity, explaining 58.714% of the variance. Convergent validity was confirmed with a positive correlation with cognitive bias (r = 0.400), and divergent validity was established with a negative correlation with empathy (r = -0.539). The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.936. Results indicated that cognitive egocentrism is higher in individuals with lower educational levels, and no significant gender differences were observed. Overall, this tool can be utilized in research and clinical interventions to assess and reduce cognitive egocentrism.
Shahnaz Faraji; Mojgan Agahheris; hossein sheybani
Abstract
Objective: Marital satisfaction is the principle of continuity of a marital bond and it is important to identify effective interventions to strengthen it. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive avoidance and marital ...
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Objective: Marital satisfaction is the principle of continuity of a marital bond and it is important to identify effective interventions to strengthen it. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive avoidance and marital satisfaction of women with marital problems. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all women who referred to Tolooesalamat psychological and counseling center in Tehran in 1398. Among them, 32 people were selected by purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (16 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute acceptance and commitment therapy. Data collection tools were Sexton and Dougas Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire and Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software through univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing cognitive avoidance and increasing marital satisfaction of women with marital problems (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, in designing programs related to promoting family health and marital relationships, acceptance and commitment based therapy can be used as an effective intervention in improving cognitive avoidance and marital satisfaction.
Mohammad Ali Nazari; Mojtaba soltanlo; Sommayeh Saeadi Dehaghani; Samyra Damya; Nasrin Rastgar Hashemi; Mohamad Mirlo
Volume 2, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 62-73
Abstract
Introduction: A range of studies have shown that the time perception is influenced by numerous factors. In the present study the hypothesis was that gender and emotional dimensions (valance and arousal) of Persian words influence time perception. Method: fifty-eight volunteer undergraduate female students ...
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Introduction: A range of studies have shown that the time perception is influenced by numerous factors. In the present study the hypothesis was that gender and emotional dimensions (valance and arousal) of Persian words influence time perception. Method: fifty-eight volunteer undergraduate female students of the University of Tabriz participated in the experiment. A set of emotional Persian words (in the five dimensions including happy, calm, neutral, angery and sad) were projected to all participants for 800 and 2000 milliseconds (ms) via a computerized test. The participants were asked to reproduce the words. Three-factor ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, paired and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results rvealed that the rate of error (underestimation) for the long duration was more than the short duration. Coefficient of variation for the happy and calm words was higher than the angery, sad and neutral words. Conclusion: These findings indicate an effect of emotion on time perception. The results are interpreted in the framework of the intentional time perception and arousal time perception models.
Majid Safari nia; Hossein Zare; logman Hasani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 66-76
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed at measuring the overall effectiveness of teaching critical thinking on resource control and reducing the cognitive imbalance (arousal) of second year high school male students of Baneh. Method: The study was experimental and the statistical population consisted of 40 ...
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Aim: This study aimed at measuring the overall effectiveness of teaching critical thinking on resource control and reducing the cognitive imbalance (arousal) of second year high school male students of Baneh. Method: The study was experimental and the statistical population consisted of 40 students in second year of high school in Baneh. The subjects were chosen by multiple-stage cluster method. The data was gathered by a standardized questionnaire - reducing inconsistencies DARQ Harmon - Jones (Saffari Nia & Zandi, 1389). Results: The results Showed a significant difference between locus of control of the experimental group and locus of control of the control group. That is, critical thinking can change some traits and characteristics which in this study was resource control. However, there was no significant difference between reducing cognitive imbalance of those who were taught critical thinking and those who were not. In this study, critical thinking not only did not reduce the level of imbalance, but increased it to some extent as well.
Fatemeh Samiee; Iran Baghban; Mohammad Reza Abedi; Alireza Sadeghian
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 69-80
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed at investigating the process of cognitive development of career aspirations among children. Method: For this purpose, 179 students (85 girls and 94 boys) from 5 educational areas of Isfahan were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. The method of data collection ...
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Aims: This study aimed at investigating the process of cognitive development of career aspirations among children. Method: For this purpose, 179 students (85 girls and 94 boys) from 5 educational areas of Isfahan were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. The method of data collection was semi-structural interview and data Analysis was done through descriptive analysis, variance analysis, and paired t-test. Results: The results showed that the difference in the career aspirations as well as the differences among different age groups and genders were significant (P<0/05). Conclusion: Although in both genders the development of aspirations was progressive, the rate of development in girls was higher than boys.
Arezoo Vahid; Davood Manavipour
Abstract
Introduction:This research aimed at explaining self-knowledge based on the components of epistemological beliefs and personality traits. Method: The research method was correlational in this study. The statistical populationof this study included all students of (State, Azad, Applied Science, and non-profit)universitiesof ...
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Introduction:This research aimed at explaining self-knowledge based on the components of epistemological beliefs and personality traits. Method: The research method was correlational in this study. The statistical populationof this study included all students of (State, Azad, Applied Science, and non-profit)universitiesof Tehran in the academic year of 2017-18. For this purpose, a total of 400 female students were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The research instrument wereSelf-Knowledge Questionnaire (Ghorbani, Watson & Hargeis, 2003), Five Factor Personality short-form Questionnaire (McCarry & Costa, 1985),and the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (Schommer, 1993). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis method.Results:The findings of the research showed that there was a significant direct correlation between self-knowledge andpersonality traits (Compatibility and Conscientious) and epistemology beliefs (innate ability andability to understand everything fully)(p < %05). Also, the variables of personality traits (Compatibility and Conscientious) and epistemology beliefs (ability to understand everything fully)were able to explain and predict self-knowledge with beta coefficients of%260, %156,and %150.Conclusion: Since epistemology beliefs (ability to understand everything fully)and personality traits (Compatibility and Conscientious) can explain and predict self-knowledge,it seems that students can improve their self-esteem by promoting such features.
Majid Safari Nia; vahideh salehmirhasani
Volume 2, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 76-88
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the workload, job control and work-life balance among industrial company's personnel’s (n = 333). Method: Kerichmer and Kohen Model was applied to measure workload. Job control was measured by Dwyer & Guster and ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the workload, job control and work-life balance among industrial company's personnel’s (n = 333). Method: Kerichmer and Kohen Model was applied to measure workload. Job control was measured by Dwyer & Guster and Jackson’s job control scales. Work-Life Balance scale with 18 items was developed by the researchers. Statistical analysis methods were correlation and stepwise regression. Findings: Results show that Work-Life Balance has a negative correlation with workload and positive correlation with job control. Regression analysis indicate workload (with β = - 0/43) and job control (with β = 0/36) could predict Work-Life Balance. Conclusion: Finally, findings of this study indicate when workload and demands are high; job control can moderates its effect on work-life balance.
Clinical Psychology
fateme Arastoo; Iran Davoudi; Bahram Peymannia
Abstract
Objective: This research was conducted to develop a structural model of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms based on intolerance of uncertainty with the mediating of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility.Method: In this study, ...
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Objective: This research was conducted to develop a structural model of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms based on intolerance of uncertainty with the mediating of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility.Method: In this study, 208 students were selected from among all the students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz as a sample by random cluster sampling method, to collect data from the short scale of generalized anxiety disorder, scale of intolerance of uncertainty, questionnaire for Negative attitude toward the problem, repetitive thoughts questionnaire, anxiety sensitivity questionnaire, and cognitive flexibility questionnaire were used.The method of the current research was a correlation of the structural equation modeling. Data analysis and model evaluation was done by AMOS and SPSS software. Findings: The results indicated the confirmation of the general model of the relationship between the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and intolerance of uncertainty with the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility. Also, the findings of the research, while confirming the direct effect of intolerance of uncertainty on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, and anxiety sensitivity, showed that intolerance of uncertainty through the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, Cognitive flexibility is indirectly related to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that these relationships can predict the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in the form of a model. Therefore, using interventions to improve these characteristics can be effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.
social Psychology
Mojtaba Aghili; Asemeh Mahini; Ensiyeh Babaee; Mitra Namazi
Abstract
Introduction: Family is the smallest social unit, its stability or instability affects family members and society. The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in girls with and without divorced parents in Gorgan city. ...
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Introduction: Family is the smallest social unit, its stability or instability affects family members and society. The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in girls with and without divorced parents in Gorgan city. Method: This study was a causal-comparative descriptive research. The socio-statistics were all female students of the second year of secondary school in Gorgan in the academic year 2022-2023. 150 students (75 students with divorced parents and 75 other students) were selected by purposive sampling method. The research tools were Baumrind's (1972) parenting perception questionnaires, Yang's (1998) early maladaptive schemas, and King's spiritual intelligence (2008). To analyze the data, the statistical method of multivariate variance analysis and SPSS version 24 software were used. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between girls with and without divorced parents in terms of perception of parenting style, primary incompatible schemas and spiritual intelligence (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that students with divorced parents in the schemas of cut and rejection, impaired limits and listening to excessive noise; They had permissive and authoritarian parenting style and less spiritual intelligence than other students, and attention to their correction should be taken into consideration by psychotherapy specialists.
