Mohammad Oraki; hossin zare; zahra atar gasbe
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 167-183
Abstract
Introduction:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on working memory and academic achievement of children with Discalcula. Method: The present study was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with control group. 30 students with 3rd to 5th grade ...
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Introduction:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on working memory and academic achievement of children with Discalcula. Method: The present study was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with control group. 30 students with 3rd to 5th grade math disorders who were selected by available sampling method were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group in this study received the Wilson Cognitive Rehabilitation Program for 8 sessions and the control group was waiting for intervention. Conclusion: The results of Co-variance analysis showed that the scores of work memory and academic achievement in the experimental group were significant Increasedacademic achievement of children with mathmetics disorder. Results: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation can improve the educational achievement of children with maldistry to a degree.
Sepideh Safiri Hassan Abadi; Sepide Safiri Hasanabadi; Mahmoud Reza shahsavari
Abstract
Objective: This paper is presented with the aim of confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of psychometric properties of Toronto Empathy Questionnaire and its adaptation to Persian language is presented. Method: The present paper is a descriptive, applied and correlational study and has been written ...
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Objective: This paper is presented with the aim of confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of psychometric properties of Toronto Empathy Questionnaire and its adaptation to Persian language is presented. Method: The present paper is a descriptive, applied and correlational study and has been written with the aim of development-psychometrics. the statistical population consisted of 400 students of Islamic Azad University of Garmsar which was selected by available sampling method. The data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. Results: the results were exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the questionnaire with an average reliability coefficient of 0.59 and a KMO of 0.702 had acceptable adequacy. This article is based on three different studies that the difference is in the number of constituent elements the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. A third study combines the first two studies, has consisted of a first-order general factor of empathy and five second-order factors. The fit indices obtained, indicate the appropriate fit of the model. The overall score reliability in Cronbach's alpha method is 0.92 and in the retesting method is 0.88, which are good reliability coefficients. Conclusion: Toronto Empathy Questionnaire was created to eliminate diversity in valuation in empathy components and create a single-component version with high psychometric characteristics, with 10 items and 96.58% explanation of empathy variance in Iranian student population, this questionnaire was confirmed.
hassan bafandeh gharamaleki; sara sharghi lavan; Rahim yousefi
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Music is influential in all aspect of human existence and there is a great deal of research into the influence of music on the body and the psyche, musicians can also influence people as creators of music and a part of culture of society. Aims: This study preformed aimed to compare ...
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Abstract Introduction: Music is influential in all aspect of human existence and there is a great deal of research into the influence of music on the body and the psyche, musicians can also influence people as creators of music and a part of culture of society. Aims: This study preformed aimed to compare the theory of mind in traditional percussions player with traditional string musical instruments players and normal counterparts. Method: This study is a causal-comparative study in which a sample of 90 people consisting of 30 traditional percussion players, 30 string musical instrument players and 30 normal counterparts were selected. The musicians were selected through available sampling from music teachers and their counterparts were selected through purposeful sampling. The instruments used in this study were Baron-Cohen’s Theory of Mind questionnaire. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. Result and Conclusion: Analyzes show that there was a significant difference between traditional percussion players, traditional string musical instruments players and normal counterparts in theory of mind as the results show that amount of TOM in traditional string musical instruments players is more than normal counterparts and traditional percussion players.
Ali poladi Rishehri; seyed mousa golestaneh
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between defense mechanisms and identity styles with resiliency in early, mid, and late adolescence. Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational one. Accordingly, from all high school students in Jam city in the ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between defense mechanisms and identity styles with resiliency in early, mid, and late adolescence. Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational one. Accordingly, from all high school students in Jam city in the 2017-2018 academic year, 300 persons (150 girls and 150 boys) were selected using a simple random sampling method who completed hardiness inventory, assertiveness scale, defense mechanisms inventory, identity styles scale, and resiliency scale. Results: The results showed there was no positive and significant relationship between information identity style, confused/avoidant, and normative identity style with resilience. There was a positive and significant relationship between courage and resilience. There was a positive and significant relationship between assertiveness and hardiness with resilience. There was a positive and significant relationship between developed defense mechanisms and resilience. There was no significant relationship between underdeveloped defense mechanisms and resilience. There was a significant and negative relationship between neurotic defense mechanisms and resilience. It was also shown that the mean of information identity style increases in late adolescence, and there was no significant difference between male and female adolescents in terms of the studied variables. Conclusion: According to the results, we can conclude that assertiveness, hardiness, and developed defense mechanisms are the most important predictors of adolescent resilience, respectively.
Psychology
Ali Akbar Sharifi; Mogdeh Barkhordari naghani
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on the Cognitive flexibility and cognitive regulation of emotion in adolescents with social anxiety. This study was a semi-experimental study that was conducted with teenagers with social anxiety ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on the Cognitive flexibility and cognitive regulation of emotion in adolescents with social anxiety. This study was a semi-experimental study that was conducted with teenagers with social anxiety in Shahrekord City. 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Both groups completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006) and the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis and Vander Wal, 2010) as a pre-test, and after teaching the experimental group 8 sessions of emotion-focused therapy, the two groups were again given the above questionnaires as After the test, they responded. The results of the covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of Cognitive flexibility (p < 0.0001 and F = 25.16). And emotion-focused therapy has increased Cognitive flexibility scores in the experimental group. Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of cognitive regulation of emotion (p < 0.0001 and F = 52.85), and the treatment focused on emotion increased the scores of cognitive regulation of emotion in the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that emotion-focused therapy has an effect on the cognitive regulation of emotions and Cognitive flexibility. Therefore, this intervention can be used to increase cognitive flexibility and cognitive regulation of emotion in students with social anxiety.
social Psychology
Saede Mokhtari Dozdab; khadije Aerabsheybani
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of compassion therapy on identity styles and problem solving styles of high school students. The current research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the present ...
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of compassion therapy on identity styles and problem solving styles of high school students. The current research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the present study includes students of the second secondary level of high school of the 4th district of Mashhad, who are studying in Mashhad in the academic year of 1402-1401. According to the statistical population and according to the entry and exit criteria, the number of 30 people was randomly selected by the purposeful sampling method of the available type, 15 people were in the experimental group and 15 people were in the control group, and the effectiveness of compassion therapy on the group The experiment was carried out.tools used; The questionnaire was Berzonsky's identity style questionnaire (1992) and the problem solving style questionnaire by Cassidy and Long (1996). Data analysis was done with multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS-27 software. The results showed that the difference in the adjusted averages of the identity and problem solving styles of the two compassion therapy and control groups in the post-test is statistically significant (P<0.01). The effect size of group membership varied from 0.25 to 0.78. Based on what was mentioned, the hypothesis of the research is confirmed, which means that compassion therapy is effective on identity styles and problem solving styles of high school students.
Soroor Khabbaz sabet; Ali Poladi Rishehri; Moloud Keykhosrovani; Mohammad Reza Bahrani
Abstract
Objective: Today, cosmetic surgery is considered as one of the most common surgeries in the world and various factors are influential in this field. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas ...
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Objective: Today, cosmetic surgery is considered as one of the most common surgeries in the world and various factors are influential in this field. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and tendency to fashion with tendency to cosmetic surgery in women seeking cosmetic surgery. Method: The method of the present study was a correlation model of structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included all women applicants for cosmetic surgery who referred to beauty clinics in Bushehr 2020. The sample size consisted of 400 women who were selected by available sampling method. . Data collection tools were, tendency to cosmetic surgery (Etemadifar & Amani, 2013), Fashion Attitude (Rezaei, 2014), Early maladaptive Schemas (Young, 2005) and cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski, 2001) questionnaires. Results: The findings showed that the variables of tendency to fashion and early maladaptive schemas, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation, predicted the tendency to cosmetic surgery in women. Also, the findings of the structural equation modeling indicated the significance of the direct path coefficients of the tendency to fashion and the early maladaptive schemas with the cognitive emotion regulation. Conclusion: The results of this study can introduce a protocol for psychotherapists and counselors in providing specialized counseling to women seeking surgery to correct irrational beliefs and cognitions and teach coping styles to reduce the tendency to fashion and early maladaptive schemas and increase cognitive emotion regulation
Bahman Zandi; Fatemeh Yousefi Rad; Seyed Mahmoud Motesharrei
Abstract
Onomastics is a branch of linguistics, or according to Crystal (2008), a branch of semantics; onomastics has been studied from different perspectives. This paper addressed onomastics from the perspective of the social-cognitive (sociocognitive) linguistic approach, which is the corollary of cognitive ...
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Onomastics is a branch of linguistics, or according to Crystal (2008), a branch of semantics; onomastics has been studied from different perspectives. This paper addressed onomastics from the perspective of the social-cognitive (sociocognitive) linguistic approach, which is the corollary of cognitive linguistics and social linguistics. Social-cognitive onomastics, which can be subsumed under social-cognitive linguistics, covers the core concepts of a usage-based understanding of language, intralanguage and inter-language diversities, categorization and prototypes, cultural patterns, social senses, and the counter-effect of language, culture, and ideology. It merits mention that most studies in the area of cognitive linguistics and the newer, less studied social-cognitive linguistics focus on concepts and semantics. Scholars believe it is necessary and inevitable to shift from concepts to (proper) names, i.e. onomastics, in cognitive and social linguistics. The aim of this paper, applying documentary research method, is in line with and a continuation of a research plan launched by Zandi and Ahmadi in 2016; the only difference is that the current paper paid special attention to common nouns that represent a category. This paper also gave another outlook: an emphasis on a usage-based approach in onomastics. Pragmatically speaking, onomastics touches upon actual lexical selections from among expressions and examines the factors affecting the selection of a particular expression. The results showed that numerous factors affect the selection of a proper word for a signified concept, with context having the greatest effect.
habibeh khaton ghobadi; Tayebeh Sharifi; Ahmad Ghazanfari; Maryam Chorami
Abstract
Objective: Low self-efficacy and aggression are found in all cultures and are the most common kind of problems in students, which cause discomfort and distress in others; thus, they disrupt the mental health of the community. This study aims to investigate the comparison of effectiveness of ...
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Objective: Low self-efficacy and aggression are found in all cultures and are the most common kind of problems in students, which cause discomfort and distress in others; thus, they disrupt the mental health of the community. This study aims to investigate the comparison of effectiveness of group training anger management and psycho-social empowerment on aggression and social self-efficacy. Method: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up two month. The statistical population of this study included all the female students high school Tehran city to 125110 people were in year academic 2020-2021 and 90 female students by convenience sampling were considered as the sample size in two experimental groups and on group control (each group of 30 female students). The experimental groups underwent group training anger management and psycho-social empowerment (12 sessions 90 minutes in each training), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data aggression questionnaire and adolescents social self-efficacy scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). Results: The results of the study showed that both types of treatment in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on reducing aggression and increasing social self-efficacy of female high school students (P<0.05). In addition, the results showed that group anger management training was more effective than psycho-social empowerment group in reducing aggression and increasing social self-efficacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that, anger training anger management and psycho-social empowerment can be considered as a supportive and effective tool for reducing aggression and increasing social self-efficacy and used for adolescents in particular.
Mojtaba Aghili; arezou asghari; soghra haghshenas; mitra namazi
Abstract
Aim: The treatment model focused on Yang's schema is an innovative combination of cognitive behavior therapy with Gestalt and thematic relations of psychoanalytical approaches. The present study was conducted to identify the effect of schema-focused cognition group therapy training on the adjustment ...
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Aim: The treatment model focused on Yang's schema is an innovative combination of cognitive behavior therapy with Gestalt and thematic relations of psychoanalytical approaches. The present study was conducted to identify the effect of schema-focused cognition group therapy training on the adjustment of primary maladaptive schemas in adolescent girls in divorced families. Method: The research was carried out in the framework of a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all adolescent girls from the divorce family in Ghaemshahr welfare in 2018, from whom 40 people were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Yang's (1988) early maladaptive schemas questionnaire was used to collect data. the subjects were measured according to the research designs in two stages before and after the group training. The program was performed for eight sessions of 90-minute group training for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any training. Univariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings indicated that the cognitive therapy group focused on the schema that affects rejection/rejection, impaired self-management and performance, impaired limitations, and other orientations in adolescent girls in divorced families in Ghaem city. Conclusion: The result of the study confirms the effectiveness of schema therapy in correcting maladaptive schemas and can help adolescent girls in the divorce family to adjust the schemas and can be used as a helpful model in psychological counseling for girls living on welfare.
Psychology
Hajar Sedigh; omid shokri; Zeinab Ekramiyan
Abstract
During recent years, social cognition studies have been reviewed in order to identify their part in predicting children and young adolescents’ maladaptive behaviors. Consequently, it was empirically found that social cognition plays an inevitable role in interpreting types of maladaptive behaviors ...
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During recent years, social cognition studies have been reviewed in order to identify their part in predicting children and young adolescents’ maladaptive behaviors. Consequently, it was empirically found that social cognition plays an inevitable role in interpreting types of maladaptive behaviors among youngsters. Therefore, the present study aims to assess effect of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program on empathy, adjustment and impulse control in girl students Aged 8-12. In this true-experimental study with pretest-posttest control-group design in company with follow up stage, 34 students in experimental (17 students) and control (17 students) groups responded to the Impulsivity Inventory, the Rutter’s Behavioral Problem Questionnaire- Parent/Teacher version and the Children’s Empathy Quotient-Parent, Empathy Questionnaire-Teacher Version and Children’s Social Adaptability Scale- Parent Version . The experimental group received 7 training program sessions (1 hours a session). The results of univariate covariance analysis designs indicated that training program was effective in increasing student’s empathy and adjustment and in decreasing total score of impulsivity of them in short term and long term. In sum, on the one hand, these findings support the theoretical positions of the sip model and the other hand, show that training skills such as positive perception of others, positive feelings for others, conflict management skills and interpersonal communication skills could result in mental immunization in students
fereshte hassani; ahmad alipour; majid safarinia; alireza aghayosefi
Abstract
Objective: Stigma is a set of prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviors that makes the carrier of special label deprived of full social acceptance. The purpose of this study was study affiliate stigma in first and second degree relatives of people with disabilities. Method: The research design ...
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Objective: Stigma is a set of prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviors that makes the carrier of special label deprived of full social acceptance. The purpose of this study was study affiliate stigma in first and second degree relatives of people with disabilities. Method: The research design was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all first and second degree relatives of disabled people who were be served by the Welfare Organization or health centers of Mobarakeh city of Isfahan, and lived in this city in the fall of 2019. From this statistical population, 300 people were selected using purposive sampling. The Affiliate Stigma Scale developed by Chang et al. (2015) was used to assess stigma. Results: According to the results of the regression model; Familial degree, cause of disability and level of education significantly contributed to the prediction affiliate stigma. Conclusions: First-degree family relation, lower education level and congenital disability are related factors for increased risk for affiliate stigma.
Cognitive psycholog
Fatemeh Alipour; Abolfazl Farid; Ramin Habibi-kaleybar; Golamreza Golmohammad nejad
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of combining the researches conducted in the field of determining the effectiveness of educational and therapeutic psychological interventions on the cognitive flexibility of Iranian children and adolescents with the meta-analysis method. The statistical population ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of combining the researches conducted in the field of determining the effectiveness of educational and therapeutic psychological interventions on the cognitive flexibility of Iranian children and adolescents with the meta-analysis method. The statistical population of the present analysis is the available researches related to the effectiveness of educational and therapeutic psychological interventions on the flexibility of children and adolescents, which were published between 2013 and 2023. Based on the defined entry and exit criteria for primary studies and sensitivity analysis, 61 effect sizes from 43 primary studies were analyzed by CMA software version 2. The findings showed that the summary effect size of the random model was equal to 1.964, which is statistically significant and indicates the positive effect of educational and therapeutic psychological interventions on cognitive flexibility. Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the types of intervention, research tools, and the age and gender of the subjects. As a result, considering the desired effectiveness of providing educational and therapeutic interventions in order to improve the cognitive flexibility of children and adolescents, it is suggested that it should be considered more and more by those involved in the education of children and adolescents in order to benefit from its potential benefits throughout life.
Psychology
Majid Baradaran; Farzaneh Ranjbar Noushari
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety sensitivity and cognitive fusion in university students with body dysmorphic disorder. This study was a semi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test. The statistical population of this study included ...
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The purpose of this study was the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety sensitivity and cognitive fusion in university students with body dysmorphic disorder. This study was a semi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test. The statistical population of this study included university students of Payame Noor University of Amlash in academic year 2023-2024. Subjects were first screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. therefore, 40 university students with body dysmorphic disorder were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (20 persons in each group). All of the sample groups completed anxiety sensitivity (Floyd et al, 2005) and Cognitive Fusion Scales (Gillanders et al, 2010). The ACT group in 8 sessions based on Hayes et al (1999) model while the control group did not receive any treatment. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance was used. Results showed that there were significant differences between two groups on anxiety sensitivity and cognitive fusion (P <0.01). ACT as a third wave treatment, can be an effective intervention to reduce the anxiety sensitivity and cognitive fusion in university students with body dysmorphic disorder.
social Psychology
Ali Mostafaie; Sadegh Sadegh Shirbigipour
Abstract
Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of Predicting social cognition based on False beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias with the Mediation of Theory of Mind. Method:Research method was descriptive ,correlational and structural equation modeling.The ...
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Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of Predicting social cognition based on False beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias with the Mediation of Theory of Mind. Method:Research method was descriptive ,correlational and structural equation modeling.The statistical population included all high school students of Ilam city in the academic year 2020-2021, which Among them 380 people were selected by Cluster sampling method. The instruments was include Nejati et al.'s Social Cognition scale (2017), Baron-Cohen et al.'s Theory of Mind Questionnaire (2001), Pentridge et al.'s Motivational Bias Questionnaire (2002), Shostrom's Personal Perception Questionnaire (1992), and Catlin and Epstein's False Beliefs Questionnaire (2003). Reliability and validity of the questionnaires were verified by first and second rank confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL software and CR and AVE values. Analysis of data was performed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in two parts, the measurement model and structural section. Results: The results showed that the conceptual model developed had a good fit with the data. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated the significance of the coefficients of the direct path between the variables of false beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias with social cognition in the final model. Also, theory of mind has a direct, positive and significant effect on social cognition. Finally, false beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias has a negative and significant indirect effect through the mediating variable of Theory of Mind on social cognition. Conclusion:Therefore, applying strategies to reduce false beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias and increasing theory of mind can lead to increasing social cognition in students
Cognitive psycholog
fatemeh fooladi; hosein zare; pariya meraji saeed
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and executive functions with the mediating role of emotional processing. This research was a type of correlation study and structural equation model. The statistical population of the study consisted ...
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and executive functions with the mediating role of emotional processing. This research was a type of correlation study and structural equation model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the students of Tehran city, from which 270 people from Al-Zahra University (S) were selected using available sampling. To collect data, the childhood trauma questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), the executive skills questionnaire (Street et al., 2019), and the emotional processing scale (Baker et al., 2007) were used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and structural equation modeling with the help of Amos24 and SPSS22 software. The findings of this research indicated that the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and executive functions is significant. Also, the model of the mediating role of emotional processing in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and executive functions had a favorable fit. Bootstrap results also indicated the impact of traumatic childhood experiences on executive functions through the mediating role of emotional processing. As a result, it can be said that the emotional processing variable has a significant mediating role in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and executive functions. Therefore, it is necessary to act through information and awareness in the field of negative cognitive consequences of traumatic childhood experiences to prevent or intervene early in this field.
social Psychology
اکرم ملک زاده
Abstract
Aim: present study was conducted with the aim of testing and modeling the relapse of addiction in relation to dark personality traits with the mediating role of burden perception and neutral sense of belonging in women. Method: The present study was descriptive-survey of applied type. The statistical ...
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Aim: present study was conducted with the aim of testing and modeling the relapse of addiction in relation to dark personality traits with the mediating role of burden perception and neutral sense of belonging in women. Method: The present study was descriptive-survey of applied type. The statistical population included 200 women with addiction relapse, who were selected by the available sampling method and considering the entry and exit criteria. The tools used to collect the Addiction Relapse Questionnaire (2000), the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire to investigate neutral belongingness and the Perceived Burdensomenessby Kimberly et al (2012) and the Dark Triad Questionnaire (Jonason & Webster, 2010) were used. To analyze the data, structural equations were used using spss v.22 and pls software. The findings indicated that the effect of narcissistic personality on addiction relapse is 0.29, the effect of Machiavellian personality on addiction relapse is 0.19, the effect of psychotic personality on addiction relapse is 0.68, the effect of perceived burden on addiction relapse is 0.49, the effect of feeling The neutral relationship on addiction relapse was reported as 0.53. Also, the mediating role of perceived burdensomeness and sense of neutral belonging in the relationship between dark personality and addiction relapse was confirmed. Considering the complexity of addiction relapse in women, it is necessary to focus on improving the interpersonal relationships of people with dark personality. Improving interpersonal relationships is effective in preventing the feeling of rejection and emotional and social deprivation, which leads to the reduction of the feeling of being burdened and the feeling of neutral belonging. Also, increasing the awareness of the people around them about the importance of their support for people who have relapsed addiction can be effective in reducing their return to addiction
Cognitive neuroscience
Saeedeh Khosravi; soomaayeh heysieattalab; Birgit Derntl; Reza Khosrowabadi; Touraj Hashemi
Abstract
Social dominance orientation (SDO) characterizes an individual's inclination to accept social hierarchies and seek superiority over specific groups. Within the context of decision-making, SDO plays a pivotal role, particularly when navigating complex and uncertain situations. This research aimed to examine ...
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Social dominance orientation (SDO) characterizes an individual's inclination to accept social hierarchies and seek superiority over specific groups. Within the context of decision-making, SDO plays a pivotal role, particularly when navigating complex and uncertain situations. This research aimed to examine the neural and behavioral patterns associated with decision-making under uncertainty in individuals with different levels of social dominance orientation. Researchers studied the brain activity of 30 students. Participants received positive and negative feedback under conditions of anticipation and uncertainty, while their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Specifically, features related to the N2 component (amplitude and latency) were examined. The findings revealed individuals with higher SDO exhibited faster reaction times during decision-making, especially when confronted with uncertain outcomes. As social dominance orientation increased, participants became more adept at swiftly processing information and making choices. Moreover, the high SDO group displayed a larger N2 amplitude compared to the low SDO group. This amplitude difference was particularly pronounced when participants received negative feedback. Interestingly, the effect was context-dependent: When individuals with high SDO anticipated certain outcomes (positive or negative), their N2 amplitude increased significantly upon receiving negative feedback. Conversely, individuals with low SDO showed a larger N2 amplitude specifically when faced with unexpected negative feedback in uncertain situations. However, the comparison of N2 latency between the group with high SDO and the group with low SDO did not yield statistically significant differences. These findings suggest that decision-making speed under uncertainty could be considered a potential biological marker for individual tendencies toward social dominance. This discovery, in addition to confirming the relationship between social dominance orientation and decision-making processes, could have applications in various fields, including the design of AI-based decision-making systems and the development of strategies for managing social behavior.
Cognitive psycholog
Mohammad Sadegh Ataee; Mohammad Hossein Abdollahi; Jafar Hasani; Valiollah Ramezani
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional experience induction on working memory performance with regard to students' positive and negative metacognitive beliefs. The present study is an semiexperimental study of pretest-posttest type with a control group. The statistical population ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional experience induction on working memory performance with regard to students' positive and negative metacognitive beliefs. The present study is an semiexperimental study of pretest-posttest type with a control group. The statistical population of the study was students of Kharazmi University. 80 subjects were screened using the Wells (1997) standard metacognitive questionnaire into 4 groups of positive high, positive low, negative high, and negative low metacognitive beliefs. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. According to the research findings, in the group with high characteristics of positive metacognitive beliefs, working memory performance increased significantly after positive emotional induction, but no change in memory performance was observed after negative emotional induction. In the group with low characteristics of positive metacognitive beliefs, working memory performance increased significantly after positive emotional induction and decreased significantly after negative emotional induction. In the group with high characteristics of negative metacognitive beliefs, working memory performance did not change after positive emotional induction but decreased significantly after negative emotional induction. In the group with low characteristics of negative metacognitive beliefs, working memory performance increased significantly after positive emotional induction and decreased significantly after negative emotional induction. According to the results of the study, memory performance in students with positive metacognitive beliefs is more influenced by positive emotional experiences, and in students with negative metacognitive beliefs, it is dependent on the induction of negative emotions.
Cognitive psycholog
mona saffarinia; Morteza Tarkhan
Abstract
The current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of teaching entrepreneurship concepts on creative thinking and metacognition of primary school children. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Using Welch and McDowall's (2002) ...
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The current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of teaching entrepreneurship concepts on creative thinking and metacognition of primary school children. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Using Welch and McDowall's (2002) creative thinking questionnaires and Baku et al.'s (2009) children's metacognition assessment, 30 third grade students enrolled in the 4th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2014-2015. They were randomly selected and replaced voluntarily in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group received 10 sessions (3 sessions per week) of the entrepreneurship concept training program as a group, and the control group did not receive any trial in this field. After the implementation of the intervention, the creative thinking and metacognition of the children of both groups were measured again. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. F calculated for the main hypothesis and sub-hypotheses in relation to the studied variables showed a significant difference in both groups. This research, in convergence with the results of similar researches, expresses the fact that the teaching of entrepreneurship concepts has an effective role on the creative thinking and metacognition of students' children. Keywords: concepts of entrepreneurship, creative thinking, children's metacognition
social Psychology
Esmail Sadri; bahman zardi; saeed khakdal
Abstract
Abstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of online intimacy and deception scale in students. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were studying in the academic year of 2023-2024. The ...
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Abstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of online intimacy and deception scale in students. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were studying in the academic year of 2023-2024. The research sample consisted of 331 people (41 boys and 290 girls) who were selected by available methods. Stanton et al.'s (2016) online intimacy and deception scale was used to collect data. To check the validity of the scale, the internal consistency method was used, and to check the validity of the scale, the correlation of the subscales of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results showed that the alpha coefficient for online intimacy factor was 0.71 and for online deception was 0.75. The results of fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis showed that this scale has a good fit (CFI=0.93, NFI=0.90 and RMSEA=0.073). As a result, it can be said that this scale is a suitable tool for measuring sincere and deceptive behavior in cyberspace.
Psychology
azam akrami; Ahmad Ghazanfari; Reza Ahmadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a training package on motivational strategies, and to compare the effectiveness of motivational strategies training and emotion regulation training on the social development of female high school students. In the development phase of the training ...
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The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a training package on motivational strategies, and to compare the effectiveness of motivational strategies training and emotion regulation training on the social development of female high school students. In the development phase of the training package, appropriate content objectives were first prepared, and after receiving expert feedback, the training package was finalized. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) for all objectives in this training package were high. Therefore, the motivational strategies training package was developed in 8 ninety-minute sessions. In the effectiveness evaluation section, a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group and follow-up was used. The statistical population of this study included all female students studying in high school in Foladshahr in the academic year 1402-1403. The data collection tool was the Weissman Social Development Questionnaire. For data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the significant difference in means between the groups. The results showed that the mean scores of the social development variable were significantly different between the experimental and control groups (F=223.57, P=0.000, effect size=0.732), indicating a significant difference between the two groups. Additionally, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the variables in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05), indicating that the effectiveness of both motivational strategies training and emotion regulation training on social development and its components was confirmed. The motivational strategies training method was significantly more effective than the emotion regulation method in promoting social development, and the sustainability of the training effect was confirmed.
social Psychology
atefeh heyrat; kamran sheivandi; nazanin mohammadi
Abstract
The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the social presence questionnaire of students in a virtual way. The statistical population included all the students of Isfahan University in the academic year of 1400-1399 (16500). Based on the Cochran formula, ...
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The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the social presence questionnaire of students in a virtual way. The statistical population included all the students of Isfahan University in the academic year of 1400-1399 (16500). Based on the Cochran formula, a sample of 367 people was selected based on a multi-stage random method. The data collection tool included Yen and Tu's social presence questionnaire (2008). Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysisThe reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale and its dimensions. The confirmatory validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinion of psychological experts. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the items of the social presence questionnaire had an appropriate and meaningful factor load, and the social presence consists of four factors of social context, privacy, interaction and online communication. The fit indices showed that the measurement model of the social presence questionnaire has a good fit. The social presence questionnaire by measuring the four dimensions of social context, privacy, interaction and online communication is a valid tool to determine the extent to which people have this empowering feature, and for this reason, it can easily be used by researchers and professionals in the field of psychology and social sciences.
Psychology
reyhane sheykhan; mohadese noori
Abstract
the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on academic procrastination, self-disability and cognitive flexibility in students addicted to social networks. The current research was a semi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test type with a control ...
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the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on academic procrastination, self-disability and cognitive flexibility in students addicted to social networks. The current research was a semi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population in this research was all secondary school students in the city of Arak in the academic year 1401-1402, of which 30 were selected by available sampling method (students with a score higher than the cut-off level of 50 in the Internet Addiction Questionnaire). mobile-based social networks) were selected as samples. The participants were divided into two experimental and control groups by random assignment, and the experimental group received 8 treatment sessions. As a pre-test and post-test, the participants answered the academic procrastination questionnaire of Solomon and Rothblom (1984), the self-handicapping questionnaire of Jones and Rodolt (1982) and the cognitive flexibility questionnaire of Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010). The results showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment reduces academic procrastination, self-disability and improves cognitive flexibility in students addicted to social networks (p<0.01). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be one of the intervention programs of school counseling centers in order to reduce procrastination and other variables involved in the target groups.
Educational Psychology
Marziye Eskandaripour; Javad Mesrabadi; Masoud Baghbani
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of quantitatively combining researches in the field of relationship between social growth indicators and academic achievement using meta-analysis method. Also, determining the role of variables such as types of social growth indicators, dependent variable, place ...
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This research was conducted with the aim of quantitatively combining researches in the field of relationship between social growth indicators and academic achievement using meta-analysis method. Also, determining the role of variables such as types of social growth indicators, dependent variable, place of research, the gender and age of subjects on this relationship was another goal of this meta-analysis. According to the entry criteria, 42 primary studies were analyzed. After removing an outlier effect size based on the results of the funnel plot, the summery effect size between these two variables was equal to 0.33. Also, heterogeneity analysis showed the possible role of moderating variables on the relationship between these two constructs. Social capital and social support had a larger effect size than other indicators in the relationship between social growth indicators on academic achievement. In relation to the dependent variable, using the GPA of literature and math courses as the dependent variable had a greater effect than using the overall academic GPA as the dependent variable. It was also found that the effect size of research implementation in school is not much different from research implementation in university. In relation to gender, it was also found that the effect size of the relationship between social growth indicators and academic achievement is slightly higher in men than in women. Also, the effect sizes of the relationship between the two mentioned variables increase with the age of the examinees.
