social Psychology
Javid Takjoo; Iraj Shakerinia; Seyed vali ollah Mousavi; Sajjad Rezaei
Abstract
Introduction: Dishonesty is a pervasive behavior that occurs in various contexts. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the rate and motivations of dishonesty in aggregate and compare it in both genders.Method: The current research conducted using one-shot study design. The statistical ...
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Introduction: Dishonesty is a pervasive behavior that occurs in various contexts. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the rate and motivations of dishonesty in aggregate and compare it in both genders.Method: The current research conducted using one-shot study design. The statistical population consists of all undergraduate students of University of Guilan. The present study includes 189 students who were selected by purposeful sampling and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided into two groups: men (92 people) and women (97 people). The Dice-rolling method was used to measure the rate and motivations of dishonesty. The resulting data were analyzed by binomial test. The Independent t test and the Chi-square test of independence was used to compare the rate and motivations of dishonesty in both genders respectively.Finding: The results indicate that a significant proportion of men (z=4.78, df=91, p< 0.001), women (z=1.71, df=96, p<0.05), and the total participants (z=4.66, df=188, p<0.001) engaged in dishonest behavior with economical motivation. The honest-image motivation was observed in men (z =1.15, df=91, p<0.045), while a conservative approach to dishonest behavior was observed in women (z=1.71, df=96, p<0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was found between men and women in the rate of dishonest behavior (t=1.15,df=187, p<0.175) or in the economical motivation (χ²=2.805, df=1, p<0.093). Conclusion: Based on the findings, maximizing personal gain is a motivator for dishonest behavior. Additionally, maintaining an honest self-image is more prominent in men, while a conservative approach is more evident in women
Cognitive psycholog
Samila Arzeroomchilar; Zohreh Rafezi
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the current research is to answer the question whether functions related to emotion such as risky decision-making and theory of mind change in all people under the influence of sadness and happiness induction, or according to different levels of emotional processing. People react ...
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Introduction: The aim of the current research is to answer the question whether functions related to emotion such as risky decision-making and theory of mind change in all people under the influence of sadness and happiness induction, or according to different levels of emotional processing. People react differently after experiencing these emotions. Method: In order to investigate this question, 60 volunteers, in the age range of 18-40 years old, were included using available sampling method. After evaluating the mood with the Beck Depression Questionnaire and measuring emotional processing by the Baker scale, they were randomly placed in one of the groups of induction of happiness, induction of sadness and control. In order to induce emotional states, the methods of playing short films and mental imagery were used. Then the Iowa software test and the eye reading mind test were performed. Findings: The results obtained using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that in this research, the induction of none of the emotions of happiness and sadness had no significant effect on the amount of theory of mind and risky decision making of participants with different levels of emotional processing. Conclusion: From these findings, it can be concluded that being exposed to emotions of happiness and sadness with moderate to relatively high intensity in the short term (less than an hour), cannot significantly alter the level of functions of theory of mind and risky decision making in the direction of improvement or dysfunction in individuals with different emotional processing levels.
social Psychology
Mahdi Hamedikhah; mahdiyeh shafieetabar; Marzieh Sadat Sajadinezhad
Abstract
With the expansion of the internet and digital communication technologies, a new form of aggression cyberbullying has emerged as a salient behavioral challenge among adolescents. This study examined whether cyberbullying can be predicted by students’ responsibility and social cognition, and whether ...
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With the expansion of the internet and digital communication technologies, a new form of aggression cyberbullying has emerged as a salient behavioral challenge among adolescents. This study examined whether cyberbullying can be predicted by students’ responsibility and social cognition, and whether media literacy mediates these relationships among upper-secondary students. Using a cross-sectional, correlational design, a sample of 235 students from Komijan County, Iran (academic year 2023–2024) was selected via multistage cluster sampling. Measures included the Cyberbullying–Victimization Experiences Questionnaire (Antoniadou et al., 2016), the Student Responsibility Scale (Louis, 2001), the Social Cognition Questionnaire (Nejati et al., 2018), and the Youth Media Literacy Test (Ghorbani et al., 2016). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that both responsibility and social cognition significantly predicted cyberbullying (p <0.05). Media literacy also exerted a significant direct effect on cyberbullying (p <0.05). Mediation tests showed a significant indirect effect of social cognition on cyberbullying through media literacy (p < 0.05), whereas the indirect pathway from responsibility via media literacy was not significant (p >0.05). Overall, the findings highlight the joint importance of individual cognitive factors and media-related competencies in explaining cyberbullying. The results contribute to theoretical frameworks on adolescent online behavior and suggest that strengthening students’ media literacy alongside fostering social-cognitive skills may be pivotal for prevention and intervention efforts.
