Abolghasem Yaghobi; Sahar Mohammadi; mohammad reza zofgi paidar; Mehran Farhadi
Abstract
Objective: Prosocial behavior is one of the structures that has been seriously considered in social psychology and can be influenced by various factors. Hence, the purpose of this study was develop a structural model to explain prosocial behaviors based on belonging motivation and sensitivity to rejection ...
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Objective: Prosocial behavior is one of the structures that has been seriously considered in social psychology and can be influenced by various factors. Hence, the purpose of this study was develop a structural model to explain prosocial behaviors based on belonging motivation and sensitivity to rejection mediated by social trust. Method: The research method was correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study was all students of Bu Ali Sina University in the academic year 1399-1400, that 400 people was selected by random cluster sampling. The instruments used in this study was include scales of Caprara et al. (2005) prosocial behavior, Saffarinia & Sharif (2010) social trust, affiliation motivation of Cuadrado et al. (2016) and Danny and Foldman (1996) rejection sensitivity. Results: The results showed that the conceptual model developed had a good fit with the data. The results of structural relationships of the model showed that affiliation motivation and rejection sensitivity have a direct and significant effect on social trust (p <0.01) and prosocial behavior (p <0.01). Also, social trust had a direct and significant effect on prosocial behavior (p <0.01). The results of indirect relationships showed that affiliation motivation and rejection sensitivity mediated by social trust have a significant effect on prosocial behavior (p <0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results, the affiliation motivation and the sensitivity to rejection affect social trust and prosocial behaviors. Therefore, by developing programs to educate and increase affiliation motivation and reduce sensitivity to rejection in individuals, we can expect improvement in their prosocial behaviors.
Hamid Faramarzi; Alireza Haji yakhchali; Manigeh Shahni Yeylagh
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 27-42
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of internal-external motivation and goal mastery approach -performance approach- as predictors of creative self-efficacy in male junior high school students (grade 9) in Romeshgan City. The population consisted of all male high school students ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of internal-external motivation and goal mastery approach -performance approach- as predictors of creative self-efficacy in male junior high school students (grade 9) in Romeshgan City. The population consisted of all male high school students in Romeshgan City in the academic year 2015-2016. Method: A total of 346 subjects were selected from the population by using multistage random sampling method. The research design was correlational. The research instruments were motivational orientations scale, achievement goals scale, and creative self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Findings: The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between creative self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation, external motivation, objective mastery approach, challengism, curiosity, independent expertise, teacher pleasantness, and dependence on teacher. Also, the results showed that challengism, curiosity, independent expertise, teacher pleasantness and dependence to teacher explain 0.16 of variance in creative self-efficacy using stepwise method. Conclusion: Based on the present study results, one might relying on intrinsic motivation and empower students to select their objectives and increase their creative self-efficacy.
fatemeh hosseingholi; shirin kooshki; valiallah farzad; Seyed Farhad Eftekharzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate academic adjustment based on personality traits and percieved social support with mediating self-regulated learning strategies. Method: 300 male second grade students of a high school in Tehran during 1395-1396 were selected based on randomized stage ...
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Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate academic adjustment based on personality traits and percieved social support with mediating self-regulated learning strategies. Method: 300 male second grade students of a high school in Tehran during 1395-1396 were selected based on randomized stage cluster sampling and answered to Sinha and Singh (1993) academic adjustment, Eysenck (1963) personality traits, Zimth (1988) social support, Pintrich and De Groot(1990) motivational strategies questionnaires. The collected data were analysed by Lisrel software structural equation statistical methods. Result: The result showed that meaningful and positive effect rather leads to more inadjustment. Extroversion (indirectly and with self regulated learning strategies) had a meaningful and positive effect on academic adjustment, that is, by increasing extroversion academic adjustment decreases. Aggression, indirectly and and througout self-regulated learning strategies had a positive and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, that is to say, as aggression increases so does unadjustment. Neuroticism indirectly had a negative and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, in other words, as neuroticism increases so does unadjustment. Extroversion directly had a negative and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, meaning when extroversion increases unadjustment decreases. Aggression directly had a positive and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, meaning as aggression increases so does unadjustment. Conclusion:Social support on the other hand, directly had a negatove and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, in other words, with increasing social support unadjustment decreases as well.
Leyla Ahvan; Parvin Mirzaei
Abstract
Objective: The aim of study was to determine the effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Social Problem Solving on self-control and anxiety in preschool girls. Method: the current reserch design was a quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow up. The study population consisted of all preschool students ...
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Objective: The aim of study was to determine the effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Social Problem Solving on self-control and anxiety in preschool girls. Method: the current reserch design was a quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow up. The study population consisted of all preschool students in district 12 of Tehran. The research sample included 30 preschool girls, who were selected with available sampling method, and assigned into 2 groups including cognitive-social problem solving and control. Groups All subjects completed the anxiety (Spence, 1999) and the self control (Humphrey, 1982) questionnaires in pretest, posttest and follow up. For analyzing of gathered data, the analysis of covariance was used. Result: The results showed that cognitive-social problem solving group had a significant reduction in anxiety and increase in the self-control compared to control droup (P = 0/001). These results were maintained at the follow-up stage. Conclusion: According to the results, the use of this training can be suggested to mental health professionals and school counselors.
negar mahmoodi; Mohammad Hossein Abdollahi; MAHNAZ SHAHGHOLIAN; Samira Gohari
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 28-40
Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to show the mediating role of Positive and Negative Affect in the relationship between Sensory processing sensitivity and Alexitimiya. Method: A sample comprising of 277 students (121 males and 156 famales) was selected from among Kharazmi University students through multistage ...
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Aim: The present study aimed to show the mediating role of Positive and Negative Affect in the relationship between Sensory processing sensitivity and Alexitimiya. Method: A sample comprising of 277 students (121 males and 156 famales) was selected from among Kharazmi University students through multistage cluster sampling method. The statistical instruments consisted of Sensory processing sensitivity (Aron & Aron) questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS) Inventory, and Alexithimiya Inventory. Data were analyzed using multiple regression by stepwise method Pearson correlation coenfficient tests with Spss18 software. Resuls: The results showed that ease of excitation and Low sensory threshold can predict Alexithymia positively. Besides, aesthetic sensitivity can perdict Alexithymia negatively, and positive affect plays mediating role between the ease of excitation and aesthetic sensitivity. Also, alexithymia and negative affect mediate between the three dimensions of sensory processing sensitivity and alexithymia. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need to recognize the role of Sensory Processing Sensitivity and the Positive and Negative Affect in Alexithymia.
mahnaz Sharifian; Majid Saffarinia; susan alizadeh fard
Abstract
Introduction: Given that sexual problem are multifactorial, and a few studies have been done from the point of view of social psychology, the aim of this research was to investigate the role of social exchange theory in predicting unconsummated marriage. Method: This descriptive study was correlational, ...
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Introduction: Given that sexual problem are multifactorial, and a few studies have been done from the point of view of social psychology, the aim of this research was to investigate the role of social exchange theory in predicting unconsummated marriage. Method: This descriptive study was correlational, and statistical population was composed of all women who referred to sexual clinics of Tehran city, among whom 220 women were selected through cluster sampling method as the study sample. The research tools included Multidimensional Vaginal Penetration Disorder Questionnaire (Molaie Nezhad, et al., 2014) and Social Exchange Styles Scale (Leybman et al., 2011). Results: The results showed that tracking style (r=0/244, p= 0/001), individualism (r=-0/283, p= 0/001), and benefit-seeking styles (r= -0/289, p= 0/001) had significant positive correlation, and fairness (r=0/277, p= 0/0001) and overinvestment (r=0/379, p= 0/0001) had significant negative relationship with unconsummated marriage disorder. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that only the fairness style predicts 40% of the variance of unconsummated marriage disorder. Conclusion: Given that social exchange styles, especially the fairness style, are effective in the treatment of unconsummated marriage, appropriate training in this field can be helpful in family sustainability.
Hossin Zare; Ahmad Alipoor; Hooman Mallahzadeh
Volume 3, special , March 2015, , Pages 31-43
Abstract
Aim: The present study examined the effect of emotion inducing on motor and Physiological signs of computer users so that by using these signs computers can estimate the users’ emotions and have a better interaction with them. Although the method of this study was not pure emotional calculations, ...
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Aim: The present study examined the effect of emotion inducing on motor and Physiological signs of computer users so that by using these signs computers can estimate the users’ emotions and have a better interaction with them. Although the method of this study was not pure emotional calculations, it presents an approximating algorithm for classifying human emotion based on motor and Physiological signs. Method: A total number of 9 participants with adequate computer skills underwent 6 emotions (2 moods, and 3 arousals in each mood). Besides, there was a pretest at the beginning (a total of 7 emotional states). To induce emotion, Robinson’s two steps method was used. Then the participants were aroused by films. After each emotion inducing, a computer game was played the motor (12 items) and physiological signs (Skin temperature and humidity and clicking force) were measured. Results: The results showed that at 0.05 significance level, the groups had significant differences in mouse speed, mouse acceleration, palm humidity, and click force. Conclusion: Computer users’ emotion can be assessed by 4 signs of speed, acceleration, humidity, and click force.
Mohammad Oruki; Seyyedeh Masoumeh Hosseininez Rezaei
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 23-33
Abstract
Aims: Addiction is a physical and mental disease, which because of its progressive nature endangers the health of individual and community in all aspects of life. This study aimed at comparing the personality characteristics and mental health of improved addicted individuals and drug addict`s ...
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Aims: Addiction is a physical and mental disease, which because of its progressive nature endangers the health of individual and community in all aspects of life. This study aimed at comparing the personality characteristics and mental health of improved addicted individuals and drug addict`s relapse in narcotic abuse. Method: It was an Ex Post Facto (Causal-Comparative) research and its statistical community comprised of 100 addicted individuals who had returned to the addiction withdrawal centers of Welfare Organization and also 100 improved individuals. The study took place during 4 months from July to October 2011. The Temperament and Character Inventory, Cloninger TCI (1991) questionnaire, was used for evaluating personality traits and the Psychological health questionnaire SCL-90-R (Derogatis; 1976) was used for evaluating Psychological health of people. Results and conclusion: The results showed a meaningful diffrence between mental health of improved addicted individuals and drug addict`s relapse in narcotic abuse. Also, the results showed that from among mental health factors, some factors such as hypochondriasis, depression, obsession (p
Shokoufeh Mousavi; Ali Asghar Kakojouybari
Volume 2, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 25-37
Abstract
The current study aimed to understand the effect of bilingual social context on children's episodic memory. In bilingual group Total 27 children participated at 24, 30 and 36 months of age. In this approach the convenience sampling method adopted, and monolingual group matched with them. The memory skills ...
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The current study aimed to understand the effect of bilingual social context on children's episodic memory. In bilingual group Total 27 children participated at 24, 30 and 36 months of age. In this approach the convenience sampling method adopted, and monolingual group matched with them. The memory skills based upon elicited Imitation with action memory test, assessed in base line, immediate and delayed performance. The data synthesized using by variance analysis and tukey test. The data analysis revealed no significant differences between bilinguals and monolinguals. But in a broader extent the different genders show significant differences (i. e. girls gained higher scores). The base line, immediate and delayed performance resulted to significant difference. The immediate and delayed performance assessed to be better than base line performance. In this study children’s language skills were associated with performance immediately after modeling for both the actions and pairs measures of memory in the elicited imitation task. Accordingly, the current findings suggest that at least by 2 years of age, the language available to children is an important determinant of what gets into memory.
Psychology
Fazlollah hasanvand; kamran sheivandi; fariborz dortaj; delavar delavar; Esmail Sadipor
Abstract
Social relationship is a culture-dependent concept that a precise understanding of its definition and components requires a careful examination of this concept in the cultural context of each society. Therefore, the aim of this this study was redefining the importance of relationship in Iran under the ...
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Social relationship is a culture-dependent concept that a precise understanding of its definition and components requires a careful examination of this concept in the cultural context of each society. Therefore, the aim of this this study was redefining the importance of relationship in Iran under the title of wise social relationship based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. This research was basic in terms of purpose, and qualitative research based on the grounded theory method based on the data collection. According to the purpose of the research, verse was considered as the unit of analysis. The statistical population included the complete text of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the eight-volume revision of Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh. Statistical analysis based on the process of open coding, axial coding and combined coding was performed in MAXQUDA 2018. In order to validate the designed model, the point of view of experts and researchers was used with the purposeful sampling method. The reliability of the coding of the components was found to be 0.91 based on the Kappa index. The findings showed that wise social relationship in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh consists of 7 components of peaceful coexistence with others, constructive and effective speech in interpersonal relationship, development-center and balanced relationship, understanding the values and status of the family, verbal and practical Helping and help-seeking, courageous and assertiveness in expressing the right opinion and action, concern and social awareness. As a result, due to the wide dimensions and comprehensiveness of the definition of wise social relationship, it is suggested to researchers to focus on the dimensions of the concept of wise social relationship identified in this study in order to construct reliable tools and training packages for wise relationship skills.
Touraj Hashemi; Elnaz Arianpour; Naeemeh Mashinchi Abbasi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 30-44
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the role of social orientation on moral behavior, regarding the mediating role of spirituality. Method: Using a random multi-stage cluster method, 407 students were selected from among Tabriz University students. Data were gathered by Lussier Moral ...
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Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the role of social orientation on moral behavior, regarding the mediating role of spirituality. Method: Using a random multi-stage cluster method, 407 students were selected from among Tabriz University students. Data were gathered by Lussier Moral Behavior Inventory, Harrison social orientation questionnaire, and a researcher-made questionnaire on spirituality, which was based on the Malekian theory of spirituality. Results: The results showed that by increasing the social orientation as well as spirituality, moral behavior is enhanced. On the other hand, as social orientation rises, spirituality is increased. Besides, findings of path analysis revealed that social orientation could have a direct effect on moral behavior or it could indirectly influence it through the mediating role of spirituality. In addition, results obtained by multiple regression method suggested that both spirituality and social orientation could predict part of the changes observed in moral behavior in a compound manner. Conclusion: The results suggest that various factors such as social orientation and spirituality contribute in developing moral behavior. Consequently, morality is developed in social context and individual spiritual experiences through interpersonal interactions result in the manifestation of behavior based on moral features.
mohamad narimani; abbas asghari sharabiani
Abstract
Introduction:Social communication disorder is a neuro-developmental disorder which is located in the vicinity of autistic disorder and causes problems in the context of appropriate social interactions.This study was was done aiming at investigating the effectiveness of teaching the theory of mind on ...
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Introduction:Social communication disorder is a neuro-developmental disorder which is located in the vicinity of autistic disorder and causes problems in the context of appropriate social interactions.This study was was done aiming at investigating the effectiveness of teaching the theory of mind on improving the theory of mind and social skills of students suffering from social communication disorder.Methodology: The present study was a semi experimental typewith pre-test, post-test andcontrol group.The statistical population of this study consisted of all male students infifth and sixth grades (1319) fromschools of Bostanabad city in the academicyear of 2017-18.The purposive sampling was used to select theresearch sample.To fulfill the research goal, the criteria for social communication disorder were explained to the relevant teachers, and suspicious students were introduced by them. For further certainty, a diagnostic interview was carried out on the basis of DSM-5 screening and 26 students were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups.To collect the research data, students’social skills questionnaire of Eliot and Gershamand Qamarani et al’s theory of mind test wereused.The experimental group trained under the theory of mind for eight two-hour sessions during the four weeks. Results : The results of covariance analysis at a significant level of 0.5 showed that the experimental group showedsignificant improvement in the theory of mind and social skills compared to the control group. Conclusion: Improving the theory of mind seems to be promising to improve social skills and reduce inappropriate social outcomes in people suffering this disorder.
Mohammad Hosseinali Zade; Salar Faramarzi; Ahmad Abedi
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to Effectiveness of functional learning Program on Cognitive Performance of Children with Developmental Delay. The research method was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with follow-up and control group. The research population consisted of 4-6 year-old children ...
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The aim of the present study was to Effectiveness of functional learning Program on Cognitive Performance of Children with Developmental Delay. The research method was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with follow-up and control group. The research population consisted of 4-6 year-old children with developmental delay who were under training in kindergartens and preschool centers in Tabriz. The multistage random sampling method was employed in such a way that three regions were selected randomly and from each of them, three kindergartens and pre-school centers were randomly selected. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-3 (WPPSI-III) was administered on children for screening, and the number of 30 students with development cognitive delays and enjoyed inclusion criteria were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups. Afterwards, a 16-session functional learning Program was performed on the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS- 22. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the subjects in the experimental group and control group in terms of cognitive performance in post-test and follow up stages (P <0.05). As a result, it can be concluded that a functional learning Program has led to an increase in cognitive performance in children with developmental delays.
Clinical Psychology
Elaheh Sadeghi
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion focused theory (CFT) on emotional awareness and interpersonal difficulties of aggressive women. This research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. Using Rieffe and etall's emotional awareness, angles and etall's ...
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion focused theory (CFT) on emotional awareness and interpersonal difficulties of aggressive women. This research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. Using Rieffe and etall's emotional awareness, angles and etall's interpersonal diffialties and Buss-pervy aggression questionnaires, 30 women of aggressive women were purposive selected and were randomly assigned two experimental and control group (each group was 15). The experimental received & sessions of CFT based on Gillbert's instruction package and the control group did not receive any training in this field. After executing the CFT, emotional awareness, interpersonal difficulties and aggression of the members of two groups were measured again. Date were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and univariate analysis (ANCOVA). Calculated F either in the mancova analysis and either in ancova analysis for variables of emotional awareness, interpersonal difficulties and aggression, showed significant differences in both groups. The results of this study which are in line with other studies that CFT has significant role in increasing emotional awareness and decreasing interpersonal difficulties and aggression with aggressive women,
Cognitive psycholog
Hossein Zare; Shabnam Biglari; Susan Alizadeh Fard; Karim Savari
Abstract
The present study employs structural equation modeling to assess the fit of a structural model encompassing obsessive beliefs grounded in executive functions, with emotion regulation as a mediating factor within a non-clinical population. The sample comprises 400 adults aged 20 to 50 in Tehran, selected ...
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The present study employs structural equation modeling to assess the fit of a structural model encompassing obsessive beliefs grounded in executive functions, with emotion regulation as a mediating factor within a non-clinical population. The sample comprises 400 adults aged 20 to 50 in Tehran, selected from the general population via the available sampling method. The data collection instruments encompassed the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ), the Executive Functioning Questionnaire -Adult Version (BRIEF-A), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ). The analysis of structural model fit indices revealed that they all fell within an acceptable range, thus affirming the suitability of the research's structural model. According to this model, executive functions exhibited significant effects on adaptive emotion regulation and maladaptive emotion regulation with standard coefficients of -0.45 and 0.76, respectively. Furthermore, adaptive emotion regulation with a standard coefficient of -0.10 and maladaptive emotion regulation with a standard coefficient of 0.63 were significantly impacted obsessive beliefs. To evaluate mediating relationships, the bootstrap test results were examined. It was found that the effect of executive functions on obsessive beliefs, mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation, was significant with standard coefficient of 0.478 at the p < 0.01 level. However, the effect of executive functions on obsessive beliefs, mediated by adaptive emotion regulation, was not significant with a standard coefficient of 0.045 at the p < 0.05 level. The findings of the study hold practical implications for the prevention of obsessive belief development and the alleviation of obsession-related suffering.
Ali Asghar Kako Jouybari; Farhad Shaghaghi; Majid Baradaran
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 32-39
Abstract
Aims: Theory of mind is one of the most important topics in social cognition, and since, it is a prerequisite to understand the social environment and involvement in competitive social behavior, in recent decades has gained attention in the field of psychology. Therefore, the main purpose of the present ...
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Aims: Theory of mind is one of the most important topics in social cognition, and since, it is a prerequisite to understand the social environment and involvement in competitive social behavior, in recent decades has gained attention in the field of psychology. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was the development of social cognition in children based on the theory of mind and comparison of theory of mind in three groups of 3, 5 and 7 years old children. Method: 150 children from Rasht city were selected by multiphase cluster sampling and completed the theory of mind scale (TMS-38). Data were analyzed in α≤0.01 significance level by multivariate analysis of variance and follow-up test. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in levels of theory of mind between the three groups. In this case, the older subjects compared with younger subjects, obtained higher scores at all levels of theory of mind. Conclusions: According to the findings, children together with increase in age in their evolution, achieve distinct levels of theory of mind.
mahnaz dornajafi shirazi; mahnaz aliakbaridehkordi; Ahmad Alipoor
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2015, , Pages 33-43
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important issues in training children is developing moral intelligence and storytelling is considered as a tool for transferring moral and behavioral messages in different societies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of storytelling on pre-school ...
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Introduction: One of the most important issues in training children is developing moral intelligence and storytelling is considered as a tool for transferring moral and behavioral messages in different societies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of storytelling on pre-school female students in Isfahan city. Method: The research method was experimental with pre-test and post-test design which was done on two groups of experiment and control groups. The statistical society of this study included all the female 4-6 years students of Isfahan kindergartens. After random selection of 30 children, they were placed into two groups of experimental and control and the 77questions Questionnaire of Mickele Boreba was completed by their parents. Results: The results of analysis of covariance in α=0.50 showed a significant difference between the two groups in variants like empathy, conscience, respect and patience. Conclusion: Based on the results, the use of storytelling as an indirect and educational method for children in a free and pre-determined manner and with regard to moral instructions is suggested.
social Psychology
mehrnaz saffarinia; majid saffarinia; Gholamhossein Biabani; Ali Mohammad Mazedi Sharafabadi
Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim of predicting brand loyalty and purchasing decision-making styles in consumers in Tehran. The statistical population includes shoppers visiting Ofogh Kourosh chain stores in Tehran in the first half of 1403. They were selected using accessible and purposive sampling. ...
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This study was conducted with the aim of predicting brand loyalty and purchasing decision-making styles in consumers in Tehran. The statistical population includes shoppers visiting Ofogh Kourosh chain stores in Tehran in the first half of 1403. They were selected using accessible and purposive sampling. The method of the present study is descriptive correlational. The researcher-made brand loyalty questionnaires by Saffarinia et al. (1403) and the consumer purchasing decision-making styles questionnaire by Sprouls and Kandan (1986) were used as data collection tools. In the present study, descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, and inferential statistics and regression methods were used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses.the findings showed that brand loyalty can be predicted based on decision-making styles for purchasing through virtual networks.All the correlation coefficients calculated between brand loyalty and habitual and reactive purchasing decision-making styles were positive and significant at the 0.05 alpha level. The positive coefficients indicate a direct relationship between brand loyalty and reactive and habitual decision-making styles (p < 0.05).Overall, the findings of the present study are consistent with parts of international and Iranian research and indicate that when consumers rely on habit or confusion caused by numerous choices in their purchasing, the likelihood of continued purchase of a specific brand and attachment to it increases.The findings acknowledge the power of decision-making styles for purchasing in predicting brand loyalty, which shows the importance of individual and psychological characteristics in the marketing and business industry
zahra eslami chehrazi; maryam Ghorbani; Asghar Aghaei
Volume 2, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 34-43
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles with a theory of mind in the students in the fourth and fifth grade. Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlational and statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade students ...
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Introduction: The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles with a theory of mind in the students in the fourth and fifth grade. Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlational and statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade students and their mothers in the academic year in Isfahan in 2011-2012. In the society about 361(177 boys and 184 girls) students and their mothers were selected as the statistical sample using cluster random sampling from the six areas of education among girls and boys. Research tools include Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1972) and Advanced Theory of Mind Test )Happe, 1994). These data were analyzed by using statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis, and analysis of covariance and t-tests. Finding: The results showed that there is a significantly negative relationship between the authoritarian parenting style and theory of mind. In addition to there is a significant positive correlation between the authoritative parenting style and theory of mind. Finally, authoritative style and authoritarian style can predict the theory of mind in the level (p< 0.01). They didn’t observe the significant communication between parents permissive style and the theory of mind. Conclusions: According to the results of this study it can be said that authoritative parenting practices has a significant role in Cognitive development and socialization of individuals because of the parent’s attention and their appropriate response.
Nader Hajiloo; Farzane Ranjbar Nosahri
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 35-47
Abstract
Introduction: Compassion is an interpersonal construct that has important role in individuals' well-being. The main purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of The Compassion of Others' Lives Scale (COOL scale). Method: To this end, 281 students (170 women and 90 men with an ...
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Introduction: Compassion is an interpersonal construct that has important role in individuals' well-being. The main purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of The Compassion of Others' Lives Scale (COOL scale). Method: To this end, 281 students (170 women and 90 men with an average age of 23.4) from Payame Noor University of Guilan were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. They answered The Compassion of Others’ Lives Scale (Chang et al., 2014), The Emotional Empathy Scale (Mehrabian and Epstein, 1972) and The Sadistic Personality Subscale of Millon Personality Inventory. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that two factors, empathy and alleviating suffering, predicted approximately 50 percent of the variance and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that these factors were well fitted to the data (CFI= 0.91, NFI= 0.88, GFI=0.94). The convergent and divergent validity of the scale were examined by correlating with Emotional Empathy Scale and Sadistic Personality Subscale and the results showed significant correlation (P< 0.01). The internal consistency of the scale was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.87), and the correlation of items with the total score was obtained in the range of 0.41 to 0.60. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the Compassion of Others' lives Scale has a good validity and reliability for Iranian samples and can be used in future studies.
Fahimeh Ghaedi; Elham Shabankareh; Majid Moghadam Barzegar
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 35-51
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to predict the mediating role of learned helplessness in the relationship between Differentiation of Self and Repetitive Negative Thinking. Method: To do this, 335 (164 males, 176 females) students were selected from Azad University of Lar using multistage cluster ...
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Introduction: The present study aimed to predict the mediating role of learned helplessness in the relationship between Differentiation of Self and Repetitive Negative Thinking. Method: To do this, 335 (164 males, 176 females) students were selected from Azad University of Lar using multistage cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Differentiation of Self Questionnaire (Drake, 2011), the Learned Helplessness Questionnaire (Quinless & Nelson, 1988), and the Repetitive Negative Thinking Questionnaire (Ehring, 2010). Results: The results of simultaneous multiple regression analysis based on Baron and Kenny (1989) steps indicated that Emotional Reactivity, Fusion with others, and Emotional Cut Off positively predicted Repetitive Negative Thinking and I-Position negatively predicted Repetitive Negative Thinking. In addition, Fusion with others and Emotional Cut Off predicted Learned Helplessness positively and I -Position predicted Learned Helplessness negatively. The Learned Helplessness mediated the relations between the Differentiation of Self and Repetitive Negative Thinking. Conclusion: In conclusion, Emotional Reactivity predicted Repetitive Negative Thinking positively and I-Position by mediating Learned Helplessness predicted it negatively.
social Psychology
farid nooriyan; Mahnaz Moghanloo
Abstract
This study aimed to predict the level of moral reasoning of students according to Rost's theory based on social schemas and social cognition. The research design was a correlational design in which the degree and direction of the relationship between the criterion variables of social schema and social ...
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This study aimed to predict the level of moral reasoning of students according to Rost's theory based on social schemas and social cognition. The research design was a correlational design in which the degree and direction of the relationship between the criterion variables of social schema and social cognition and the predictor variable of moral reasoning were examined by regression analysis. For this purpose, 384 people from the statistical population of Payam Noor University in North Tehran and South Tehran were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method in the academic year 1403. To evaluate the variables, the moral reasoning questionnaire (Rest et al., 1973), social schemas (Yang et al., 1995) and social cognition (Nejati et al., 2014) were used. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that the level of moral reasoning of more than half of the students was average, and multivariate regression analysis showed that the components of cut-off and exclusion, impaired performance and self-direction, impaired limitations, other-orientation, listening to the alarm, and inhibition of social schemas were predicted based on the level of moral reasoning of the students with a coefficient of determination of 0.410 and significant levels (p<0.05). Also, the components of self-awareness, theory of mind, threat recognition, and self-regulation of social cognition are predicted with a coefficient of determination (0.412) and significance levels (p<0.05) based on the level of moral reasoning of students. Overall, the level of moral reasoning of students is average and predicts their social schemas and social cognition.
hamed khashanaki; Nima Ghorbani; Javad Hatami
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 39-57
Abstract
Introduction: Research shows a controversy concerning the relationship between social desirability and physical and mental health. The aim of the present study was to examine how social desirability as a personality trait is associated with physical and mental health and how it has been misused. ...
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Introduction: Research shows a controversy concerning the relationship between social desirability and physical and mental health. The aim of the present study was to examine how social desirability as a personality trait is associated with physical and mental health and how it has been misused. Method: The research design included two studies. In the first study, a sample of 220 students (95 males and 125 female) from the University of Tehran completed the Social Desirability (Balard, 1992), Self-Compassion (Raes et al, 2011), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003), Subjective Vitality (Ryan & frederick, 1997), General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg et al, 1997), and Symptom Checklist (Bartone, 1995). In the second study, the persons with high and low self-compassion were exposed to socially desirable and common situation, then their physical symptoms were evaluated. Results: The correlation and regression analysis showed that social desirability had a positive relationship with self-compassion and mindfulness, but if it not associate with self-compassion and mindfulness, it might not predict physical and mental health. The comparison of groups also showed that high self-compassionate persons compared to low self-compassionate persons had some less negative symptoms during experience of socially desirable behaviour.Conclusion: A socially desirable behaviour might be compatible when it has been associated with self-regulation processes including mindfulness and self-compassion.
ahmad alipor; fereshte hassani; reza dosti
Abstract
Introduction: Examining the cognitive weaknesses of women receiving botulinum (Botox) as well as how to recognize different facial emotions with the premiere hand control by them can be an effective way to treat and improve their emotional recognition. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability ...
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Introduction: Examining the cognitive weaknesses of women receiving botulinum (Botox) as well as how to recognize different facial emotions with the premiere hand control by them can be an effective way to treat and improve their emotional recognition. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability to recognize facial emotional states with the premiere hand control in women receiving treatment of botulinum (Botox) and normal women. Method: This is a causal-comparative study. The research population was all women receiving botulinum (Botox) who referred to beauty centers of Rasht in spring of 1397. Using available sampling method, two groups of 46 women who received Botox treatment and normal subjects participated in the study as samples. Ekman and Fraction's facial emotion recognition test and Chapman's Handedness Inventory were used as measurement instruments to determine the recognition of emotions (happiness, sadness, anger) of participants. The results were analyzed throgh SPSS-23 and descriptive statistics and covariance test. Results: The results showed that the ability of the two groups to recognize the emotional states (happiness, sadness and anger) with the premiere hand control is not the same, and there is a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The ability of women receiving botulin (Botox) to diagnose emotions (happiness, sadness and anger) is weaker than normal people.
samaneh soltanabadi; maryam adibi; zeynab khaki; sajad hazrati; mansoor alimehdi
Abstract
Introduction: Resistance to current hard conditions (coronavirus) is important and enduring emotional distress and using different emotion regulation strategies have an important impact on how people cope with stressful situations. The present study was conducted to predict the resilience of individuals ...
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Introduction: Resistance to current hard conditions (coronavirus) is important and enduring emotional distress and using different emotion regulation strategies have an important impact on how people cope with stressful situations. The present study was conducted to predict the resilience of individuals based on emotional distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation. Method: This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The study sample consisted of 397 participants who joined online sessions. Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001), and distress Tolerance Scale (2005) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of regression analysis showed that five variables (positive refocusing, rumination, refocusing on planning, commenting, and blaming) together could predict 0.449% of the variance of resilience (R2 = 0.449). Also, from the 4 sub-components of the distress Tolerance Scale, three components of mental distress estimation, adjusting efforts to relieve anxiety, and being absorbed by negative emotions together were able to predict 0.531% of the resilience variable. Conclusion: Adopting adaptive strategies for emotion regulation and coping skills of emotional distress and reducing maladaptive strategies for emotion regulation is a very important factor in establishing educational programs and psychological interventions. Therefore, the implementation of electronic and virtual workshops is useful.
