Mahdieh Rahmanian; Mahdi Dehestani; Seyedeh Fatemeh Alavi Barogh
Volume 7, Issue 1 , August 2018, , Pages 91-104
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate effectiveness acceptance and commitment therapy on irrational beliefs and bias toward incentives with negative emotions in adolescent girls. Methods: This study used a Semi-experimental design with pretest - posttest with the control group. The study population ...
Read More
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate effectiveness acceptance and commitment therapy on irrational beliefs and bias toward incentives with negative emotions in adolescent girls. Methods: This study used a Semi-experimental design with pretest - posttest with the control group. The study population included all high school grade female students studying in Qom that had been formed in the school year 95-94. The final sample size of 40 girls with irrational beliefs were high that the sampling method chosen and randomly divided, were counted into two groups (n = 20) and control (n = 20). Instruments included Jones Irrational Beliefs Scale and the dot-probe test. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy by Hayes, Astrvsal and Wilson (1999) built-in 6 sessions on experimental group was 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Research results show that Acceptance and commitment therapy is not effective on irrational beliefs teen girls (p > 0/05), but were significant effects on bias toward incentives with negative emotions (p ≤ 0/01). Conclusion: Generally Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) because of increasing psychological flexibility and client relationship is established with time makes also lead to action by changing the values of individual references to cross be, can be treated as a psychological-of the right to reduce attentional bias to negative emotional triggers respectively.
saeedeh fanayi; Hosein zare; mahdieh rahmanian; Majid Safariniya
Abstract
The aim of this study wasCheck to the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on cognitive flexibility, perceived stress, quality of life, adherence to treatment and biomarkers (A1C) in patients with type 2 diabetes.The present study was a quasi-experimental study and its design was ...
Read More
The aim of this study wasCheck to the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on cognitive flexibility, perceived stress, quality of life, adherence to treatment and biomarkers (A1C) in patients with type 2 diabetes.The present study was a quasi-experimental study and its design was divided into two experimental groups and a control group with three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up (Six months). The statistical population of the present study included all patients with type 2 diabetes who had a file in the Isfahan Diabetes Association in 1398 and 1399 . The sample size was considered for each group of 15 people. The sampling method was purposive and individuals were randomly selected into two groups of acceptance and commitment therapy (n = 15), and control group (n = 15). In this study, data were used using demographic characteristics questionnaire, cognitive flexibility questionnaire, perceived stress questionnaire, adherence therapy questionnaire, quality of life questionnaire for diabetic patients, acceptance and practice questionnaire, second edition and glycosylated hemoglobin test (E.NOC). (HbA1c) were obtained. The results showed that there acceptance and commitment based therapy on cognitive flexibility, perceived stress, quality of life, adherence to treatment and biomarkers (A1C) in patients with type 2 diabetes
Sohrab Amiri; Ali Isazadegan; Abolghasem Yaghobi; Mohammad Hossein Abdollah
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 97-112
Abstract
Introduction: Emotion could facilitate memory encoding and consolidation processes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate emotional memory based on high and low sensory processing sensitivity. Method: For this purpose, first, 500 students in Bu Ali Sina University in Hamadan's were selected through ...
Read More
Introduction: Emotion could facilitate memory encoding and consolidation processes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate emotional memory based on high and low sensory processing sensitivity. Method: For this purpose, first, 500 students in Bu Ali Sina University in Hamadan's were selected through a multistage cluster sampling. After the initial data analysis, 45 students were selected based on final score distribution (Z Standard) in Sensory Processing Sensitivity Scale. Then, to test the hypothesis of this study, the participants were studied for evaluating their emotional memory. In the first phase, some emotional images were displayed to participants, and in the second stage with a 15-day time interval, the recognition rate for the first stage of emotional images was evaluated. To evaluate the results of the study, collected data were analyzed by using MANCOVA, univariate covariance and post hoc tests. Result: The results showed significant differences in emotional memory between three groups based on sensory processing sensitivity: Participants with high sensory processing sensitivity (HSP) in the first stage of emotional memory retrieval gained higher in most components of emotional memory compared with individuals with low sensory processing sensitivity (LSP). However, in the second stage of emotional memory retrieval, people with low sensory processing sensitivity (LSP) had a better performance. Conclusion: It seems that difference in the sensitivity to sensory stimuli processing, as a biological aspect, plays an effective role in encoding and consolidation of emotional memories.
Hojjat Mahdavi rad; Valeolla Farzad; shirin kooshki
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is a structural model of academic performance based on academic self-efficacy and academic motivation mediated by cognitive strategies. The present study is an applied and correlational research using structural equation modeling. Method:The statistical population ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this study is a structural model of academic performance based on academic self-efficacy and academic motivation mediated by cognitive strategies. The present study is an applied and correlational research using structural equation modeling. Method:The statistical population was all students from which 470 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The research instruments were Migli et al.'s (1998) Achievement Goals Questionnaire, Morris Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (2001) and Pintrich et al.'s (1991) Motivational Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Results:Research data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that all models of research variables had a good fit. In the assumed model, achievement goals with academic performance mediated by cognitive strategies had full effect and direct effect and indirect effect was insignificant. The effect of academic self-efficacy with academic performance mediated by cognitive strategies had a full effect and a significant direct effect, but the indirect effect is non-significant. The effect of academic self-efficacy was significant with 5% academic achievement. Conclusion: The results showed that the variable of academic self-efficacy has a significant effect on academic performance and can explain 37% of the variance of academic performance. Teachers, counselors and parents can use the variable of academic self-efficacy to enhance students' academic performance.
Mohammad Oraki; puran sami
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 107-119
Abstract
MS is a disease of the central nervous system myelin echoed. That is one of the most common neurological disease affecting young adults is a disease in humans disabilities. In this regard, reform and knowledge to create the beliefs and understanding of the disease,can also contribute to a realistic perception ...
Read More
MS is a disease of the central nervous system myelin echoed. That is one of the most common neurological disease affecting young adults is a disease in humans disabilities. In this regard, reform and knowledge to create the beliefs and understanding of the disease,can also contribute to a realistic perception of patients the disease,reduce the severity of the disease.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the perception of disease and disease severity in MS.The methods used in this study is experimental procedure that is performed in two experimental and control groups.The study population included 2500 patients with MS, the MS Society's members from Of them 30 people have voluntarily chosen sampling And randomly were divided into two experimental and control groups.Illness Perception Questionnaire Data collection was revised and expanded disability status scale was completed by patients,120 minutes of training in 8 sessions were offered to groups of 15 persons After the end of training,the scores of both groups were measured.Data were analyzed using ANCOVA.The findings of this study showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy integrated(MBCTI) on the perception of MS patients have had significant effect But the severity of the disease have had significant effect.The results showed that MBCTI with MS patients has an impact on the perception the disease And improve the patient's level of understanding and realistic, But severity of the disease (physical) in these patients did not
Mohammad hassan Seif
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the causal relation model of cognitive absorption and perceived learning through the mediating role of cognitive engagement and perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness through path analysis. Method: To do so, the sample of study included ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the causal relation model of cognitive absorption and perceived learning through the mediating role of cognitive engagement and perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness through path analysis. Method: To do so, the sample of study included 273 students of virtual courses from Shiraz Payame Noor University selected through random sampling, and were asked to answer questionnaires of Cognitive Engagement (Wang& Eccles, 2013), Cognitive Absorption (Agarwal & Karahana, 2000) Perceived Learning (Rovai& et al, 2009), Perceived Ease of Use (Hsu & Lu, 2004) and Perceived Usefulness (Kim& et al,2007) subscales. Results: Overall, the results indicated the indirect effects of cognitive absorption components on perceived learning. Conclusions: The results showed cognitive absorption and their components through cognitive engagement and perceived ease of use and perceived effect on perceived learning, as control and curiosity through cognitive engagement and perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have direct and indirect effect on perceived learning and temporal dissociation, focused immersion and heightened enjoyment, through cognitive engagement and perceived usefulness had indirect effect on perceived learning. The whole variables in this study explain 42% of changes in the perceived learning.
REZA DANESHPAJOUH; Mahdi purmohamad; Alireza Mahdavian
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important factors in employee job dissatisfaction is the inability to solve individual and organizational problems. When these problems are new or complex, innovative and effective decision making is a very important factor in solving them. According to the researcher's ...
Read More
Introduction: One of the most important factors in employee job dissatisfaction is the inability to solve individual and organizational problems. When these problems are new or complex, innovative and effective decision making is a very important factor in solving them. According to the researcher's studies, the effect of problem solving skills on job satisfaction and employee creativity in Iranian companies and organizations has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training in improving job satisfaction and creativity of employees. Method: This study is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Subjects were selected using the available sampling method. The problem solving skills were taught to 50 employees who get the lowest score in the problem-solving ability self-assessment test. Then, their job satisfaction and creativity were evaluated before, immediately, and 4 months after the end of training. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there is a positive correlation between problem solving skills, job satisfaction, and employees’ creativity. Conclusion: problem solving skills training, as a short-term psychological intervention, can increase job satisfaction and creativity of staff, and the effect of this intervention will remain stable over time.
Shahnaz Faraji; Mojgan Agahheris; hossein sheybani
Abstract
Objective: Marital satisfaction is the principle of continuity of a marital bond and it is important to identify effective interventions to strengthen it. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive avoidance and marital ...
Read More
Objective: Marital satisfaction is the principle of continuity of a marital bond and it is important to identify effective interventions to strengthen it. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive avoidance and marital satisfaction of women with marital problems. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all women who referred to Tolooesalamat psychological and counseling center in Tehran in 1398. Among them, 32 people were selected by purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (16 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute acceptance and commitment therapy. Data collection tools were Sexton and Dougas Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire and Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software through univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing cognitive avoidance and increasing marital satisfaction of women with marital problems (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, in designing programs related to promoting family health and marital relationships, acceptance and commitment based therapy can be used as an effective intervention in improving cognitive avoidance and marital satisfaction.
Psychology
Ali Akbar Sharifi; Mogdeh Barkhordari naghani
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on the Cognitive flexibility and cognitive regulation of emotion in adolescents with social anxiety. This study was a semi-experimental study that was conducted with teenagers with social anxiety ...
Read More
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on the Cognitive flexibility and cognitive regulation of emotion in adolescents with social anxiety. This study was a semi-experimental study that was conducted with teenagers with social anxiety in Shahrekord City. 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Both groups completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006) and the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis and Vander Wal, 2010) as a pre-test, and after teaching the experimental group 8 sessions of emotion-focused therapy, the two groups were again given the above questionnaires as After the test, they responded. The results of the covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of Cognitive flexibility (p < 0.0001 and F = 25.16). And emotion-focused therapy has increased Cognitive flexibility scores in the experimental group. Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of cognitive regulation of emotion (p < 0.0001 and F = 52.85), and the treatment focused on emotion increased the scores of cognitive regulation of emotion in the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that emotion-focused therapy has an effect on the cognitive regulation of emotions and Cognitive flexibility. Therefore, this intervention can be used to increase cognitive flexibility and cognitive regulation of emotion in students with social anxiety.
Mohammad Ali Nazari; Mojtaba soltanlo; Sommayeh Saeadi Dehaghani; Samyra Damya; Nasrin Rastgar Hashemi; Mohamad Mirlo
Volume 2, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 62-73
Abstract
Introduction: A range of studies have shown that the time perception is influenced by numerous factors. In the present study the hypothesis was that gender and emotional dimensions (valance and arousal) of Persian words influence time perception. Method: fifty-eight volunteer undergraduate female students ...
Read More
Introduction: A range of studies have shown that the time perception is influenced by numerous factors. In the present study the hypothesis was that gender and emotional dimensions (valance and arousal) of Persian words influence time perception. Method: fifty-eight volunteer undergraduate female students of the University of Tabriz participated in the experiment. A set of emotional Persian words (in the five dimensions including happy, calm, neutral, angery and sad) were projected to all participants for 800 and 2000 milliseconds (ms) via a computerized test. The participants were asked to reproduce the words. Three-factor ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, paired and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results rvealed that the rate of error (underestimation) for the long duration was more than the short duration. Coefficient of variation for the happy and calm words was higher than the angery, sad and neutral words. Conclusion: These findings indicate an effect of emotion on time perception. The results are interpreted in the framework of the intentional time perception and arousal time perception models.
Majid Safari nia; Hossein Zare; logman Hasani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 66-76
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed at measuring the overall effectiveness of teaching critical thinking on resource control and reducing the cognitive imbalance (arousal) of second year high school male students of Baneh. Method: The study was experimental and the statistical population consisted of 40 ...
Read More
Aim: This study aimed at measuring the overall effectiveness of teaching critical thinking on resource control and reducing the cognitive imbalance (arousal) of second year high school male students of Baneh. Method: The study was experimental and the statistical population consisted of 40 students in second year of high school in Baneh. The subjects were chosen by multiple-stage cluster method. The data was gathered by a standardized questionnaire - reducing inconsistencies DARQ Harmon - Jones (Saffari Nia & Zandi, 1389). Results: The results Showed a significant difference between locus of control of the experimental group and locus of control of the control group. That is, critical thinking can change some traits and characteristics which in this study was resource control. However, there was no significant difference between reducing cognitive imbalance of those who were taught critical thinking and those who were not. In this study, critical thinking not only did not reduce the level of imbalance, but increased it to some extent as well.
Fatemeh Samiee; Iran Baghban; Mohammad Reza Abedi; Alireza Sadeghian
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 69-80
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed at investigating the process of cognitive development of career aspirations among children. Method: For this purpose, 179 students (85 girls and 94 boys) from 5 educational areas of Isfahan were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. The method of data collection ...
Read More
Aims: This study aimed at investigating the process of cognitive development of career aspirations among children. Method: For this purpose, 179 students (85 girls and 94 boys) from 5 educational areas of Isfahan were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. The method of data collection was semi-structural interview and data Analysis was done through descriptive analysis, variance analysis, and paired t-test. Results: The results showed that the difference in the career aspirations as well as the differences among different age groups and genders were significant (P<0/05). Conclusion: Although in both genders the development of aspirations was progressive, the rate of development in girls was higher than boys.
Arezoo Vahid; Davood Manavipour
Abstract
Introduction:This research aimed at explaining self-knowledge based on the components of epistemological beliefs and personality traits. Method: The research method was correlational in this study. The statistical populationof this study included all students of (State, Azad, Applied Science, and non-profit)universitiesof ...
Read More
Introduction:This research aimed at explaining self-knowledge based on the components of epistemological beliefs and personality traits. Method: The research method was correlational in this study. The statistical populationof this study included all students of (State, Azad, Applied Science, and non-profit)universitiesof Tehran in the academic year of 2017-18. For this purpose, a total of 400 female students were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The research instrument wereSelf-Knowledge Questionnaire (Ghorbani, Watson & Hargeis, 2003), Five Factor Personality short-form Questionnaire (McCarry & Costa, 1985),and the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (Schommer, 1993). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis method.Results:The findings of the research showed that there was a significant direct correlation between self-knowledge andpersonality traits (Compatibility and Conscientious) and epistemology beliefs (innate ability andability to understand everything fully)(p < %05). Also, the variables of personality traits (Compatibility and Conscientious) and epistemology beliefs (ability to understand everything fully)were able to explain and predict self-knowledge with beta coefficients of%260, %156,and %150.Conclusion: Since epistemology beliefs (ability to understand everything fully)and personality traits (Compatibility and Conscientious) can explain and predict self-knowledge,it seems that students can improve their self-esteem by promoting such features.
Majid Safari Nia; vahideh salehmirhasani
Volume 2, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 76-88
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the workload, job control and work-life balance among industrial company's personnel’s (n = 333). Method: Kerichmer and Kohen Model was applied to measure workload. Job control was measured by Dwyer & Guster and ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the workload, job control and work-life balance among industrial company's personnel’s (n = 333). Method: Kerichmer and Kohen Model was applied to measure workload. Job control was measured by Dwyer & Guster and Jackson’s job control scales. Work-Life Balance scale with 18 items was developed by the researchers. Statistical analysis methods were correlation and stepwise regression. Findings: Results show that Work-Life Balance has a negative correlation with workload and positive correlation with job control. Regression analysis indicate workload (with β = - 0/43) and job control (with β = 0/36) could predict Work-Life Balance. Conclusion: Finally, findings of this study indicate when workload and demands are high; job control can moderates its effect on work-life balance.
Clinical Psychology
fateme Arastoo; Iran Davoudi; Bahram Peymannia
Abstract
Objective: This research was conducted to develop a structural model of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms based on intolerance of uncertainty with the mediating of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility.Method: In this study, ...
Read More
Objective: This research was conducted to develop a structural model of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms based on intolerance of uncertainty with the mediating of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility.Method: In this study, 208 students were selected from among all the students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz as a sample by random cluster sampling method, to collect data from the short scale of generalized anxiety disorder, scale of intolerance of uncertainty, questionnaire for Negative attitude toward the problem, repetitive thoughts questionnaire, anxiety sensitivity questionnaire, and cognitive flexibility questionnaire were used.The method of the current research was a correlation of the structural equation modeling. Data analysis and model evaluation was done by AMOS and SPSS software. Findings: The results indicated the confirmation of the general model of the relationship between the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and intolerance of uncertainty with the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility. Also, the findings of the research, while confirming the direct effect of intolerance of uncertainty on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, and anxiety sensitivity, showed that intolerance of uncertainty through the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, Cognitive flexibility is indirectly related to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that these relationships can predict the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in the form of a model. Therefore, using interventions to improve these characteristics can be effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.
social Psychology
Mojtaba Aghili; Asemeh Mahini; Ensiyeh Babaee; Mitra Namazi
Abstract
Introduction: Family is the smallest social unit, its stability or instability affects family members and society. The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in girls with and without divorced parents in Gorgan city. ...
Read More
Introduction: Family is the smallest social unit, its stability or instability affects family members and society. The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in girls with and without divorced parents in Gorgan city. Method: This study was a causal-comparative descriptive research. The socio-statistics were all female students of the second year of secondary school in Gorgan in the academic year 2022-2023. 150 students (75 students with divorced parents and 75 other students) were selected by purposive sampling method. The research tools were Baumrind's (1972) parenting perception questionnaires, Yang's (1998) early maladaptive schemas, and King's spiritual intelligence (2008). To analyze the data, the statistical method of multivariate variance analysis and SPSS version 24 software were used. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between girls with and without divorced parents in terms of perception of parenting style, primary incompatible schemas and spiritual intelligence (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that students with divorced parents in the schemas of cut and rejection, impaired limits and listening to excessive noise; They had permissive and authoritarian parenting style and less spiritual intelligence than other students, and attention to their correction should be taken into consideration by psychotherapy specialists.
Mosayeb Yarmohamadi Vasel; Fatemeh Azime sadat; Mohammad Reza Zofgi Paidar; Hussien Mohagheghi
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotion-based parent-child interaction therapy on improving executive functions. The present study was quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all boys ...
Read More
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotion-based parent-child interaction therapy on improving executive functions. The present study was quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all boys with depression disorder at the age range of 4 to 5.5 years in Isfahan. Thirty children and parents were selected by purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Preschool Children Emotion Checklist (Lobby et al., 2004) and the Parents' Reaction to Child's Negative Emotions Scale (Mirabel, 2015) were used to collect data. The mentioned therapy was implemented in 14 sessions of 1 hour per week for the subjects in the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. The results of analysis of covariance showed that emotion-oriented parent-child interactive therapy had a significant effect on improving executive functions with a coefficient of 0.81, also this treatment on the components of executive functions including change, inhibition, planning, emotional control And working memory has been effective. Therefore, parent-child interactive therapy focused emotional on parent's reactions can be used as a therapeutic strategy for parents to improve executive functions.
Psychology
Shokoufeh Mousavi; MahmoudReza Shahsavari; , Maedeh Golnia
Abstract
Introduction: Job burnout in teachers caused by technostress or technology-related stress during the virtual teaching period of COVID-19 pandemic is one of the new global societal damages. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of job burnout based on technostress with the mediating ...
Read More
Introduction: Job burnout in teachers caused by technostress or technology-related stress during the virtual teaching period of COVID-19 pandemic is one of the new global societal damages. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of job burnout based on technostress with the mediating role of psychological characteristics, organizational commitment, and perceived social support. Research Method: The statistical population consisted of elementary school teachers in the city of Ferdowsi who were teaching online during the COVID-19 pandemic and 84 of them were selected as the available sample using the sampling method. To collect data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (1981), the Technostress Supporters and Colleagues Questionnaire (2008), the Perceived Social Support from Friends and Colleagues Questionnaire (1998), and the Allen and Meyer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1990) were used. The collected data were analyzed using 23AMOS and 23SPSS software. Results: The results showed that perceived social support and job commitment did not have a significant mediating role in predicting job burnout. Therefore, it can be concluded that technostress directly plays a significant role in predicting job burnout, but technostress does not have a significant contribution to predicting job burnout with the mediating role of perceived social support and organizational commitment. Additionally, the results indicated that gender and teaching experience did not have a significant effect on job burnout. However, there was a significant difference between the average job burnout in individuals of different ages. Hence, age has a significant effect on job burnout.
susan alizadeh fard; Masomeh Tadris Tabrizi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2015, , Pages 82-94
Abstract
Introduction: Considering the the important role of procrastination and social loafing on personal and social development, the main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Choice Theory training on procrastination and social loafing. Method: A total number of 36 female students of Tehran ...
Read More
Introduction: Considering the the important role of procrastination and social loafing on personal and social development, the main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Choice Theory training on procrastination and social loafing. Method: A total number of 36 female students of Tehran Universities in 1392 were selected by accessible sampling and were divided into an experimental group including 16 students and a control group including 20 students. Tuckman's Procrastination Scale and Saffarinia's Social Loafing Test were conducted to collect basic level data. The participants of the experimental group attended 8 sessions of Choice Theory training protocol. Both inventories were conducted again immediately after the training period and after two months. The results of post-tests were compared with the basic level through covariance analysis. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups and reduction of procrastination and social loafing in the experimental group compared with the control group. But this reduction was not evident in the follow up test which was conducted after two months. Even the level of social loafing increased significantly. Conclusion: The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the utility of applying Choice Theory training for significant reduction of procrastination and social loafing in short time; however, these results are not perdurable in long time.
Imanollah Bigdeli; Parviz sabahi; saeed Azami
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 87-99
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed at analyzing the content of electoral messages of the candidates of the eleventh round of presidential elections and measuring the adaptation rate of those with the Good Governance Model. It also measured the degree of consistency between the working priorities of the elected ...
Read More
Introduction: This study aimed at analyzing the content of electoral messages of the candidates of the eleventh round of presidential elections and measuring the adaptation rate of those with the Good Governance Model. It also measured the degree of consistency between the working priorities of the elected president with those of people. Method: The research design was descriptive and its statistical population included all candidates of the eleventh round of presidential election as well as all eligible voters in Semnan province. All candidates’ TV promotional programs and their debates were analyzed. Besides, from among the approximately 400 thousands eligible voters in Semnan province, 650 were randomly selected to fill out the researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The electoral message contents of candidates were categorized and evaluated by two independent raters, and the contingency coefficient between them were calculated. Results: The results revealed that the contents of electoral messages of most candidates were consistent with Good Governance Model. Furthermore, according to the results of the survey, people had more attention to plan and working experiences of their desired candidate. Moreover, the people expectations from president-elect (such as inflation problem, employment and nuclear issue) were consistent with working priorities of the president–elect. Conclusion: Adjusting the content of electoral messages based on an efficient framework (such as the Good Governance Model) and in accordance with conditions dominating the society, is effective in success in elections.
mojgan sepahmansour; zahra barati; fatemeh hossin Gholi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 89-101
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this research was studying the most effective variables on materialism and explaining the relationships among them. Method: The study was conducted through structural equation modeling. The population included all high school students in Tehran and from among them 300 people ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of this research was studying the most effective variables on materialism and explaining the relationships among them. Method: The study was conducted through structural equation modeling. The population included all high school students in Tehran and from among them 300 people were selected through cluster sampling. The instruments included Material Values Scale (MVS), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and Social Comparison Instruments. Results: The results showed that the obtained model has a suitable goodness of fit with the data. Parents' and peers' social support with the mediating role of social comparison have indirect and positive effect on materialism. Furthermore, the direct and positive effect of social comparison on materialism was significant and the highest total effect belonged to peers' support. Conclusion: The findings of this study matched the findings of some similar researches and provide a robust support for the hypothesized structural relationships
morteza tarkhan; ghasem ahmadi lashki
Volume 3, special , March 2015, , Pages 97-108
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-focused cognitive bias and responsibility with social adjustment in women with marital conflicts. Method: The research method was correlation and the sample consisted of 95 women with marital conflicts that were selected via ...
Read More
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-focused cognitive bias and responsibility with social adjustment in women with marital conflicts. Method: The research method was correlation and the sample consisted of 95 women with marital conflicts that were selected via simple randomization. The investigation instruments were: Woody, Chambles, and Goldes's self-focus cognitive bias, Kordloo's responsibility and Bell's social adjustment questionnaires. Results: Multiple Regression Analyses with stepwise method and Pearson correlation showed that 24.6 percent of common variance (R2) of the social adjustment of women with marital conflicts was explained by self-focused cognitive bias, and 10.8 percent was explained by responsibility, making a total of 35.40 percent. Conclusion: The results of this study were consistent with those of other investigations. They indicated that self-focused cognitive bias and responsibility have basic role in the amount of social adjustment of women with marital conflicts.
Vahid Nejati; Fatemeh Keshvari; Rouhollah Mansouri-Sepehr
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 97-108
Abstract
Aims: According to Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory in autism, the strong and weak points of cognitive reactions of autistic people are milder in males. Joint attention, as a compromiser of subsequent opportunities for the development of social cognition, is disturbed in autistic people. This study aimed ...
Read More
Aims: According to Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory in autism, the strong and weak points of cognitive reactions of autistic people are milder in males. Joint attention, as a compromiser of subsequent opportunities for the development of social cognition, is disturbed in autistic people. This study aimed to investigate this cognitive function in male and females. Method: Fifty seven (32 female) students of Shahid Beheshti University, based on available sampling in year 2013-2014were recruited in the study. Using eye tracking, the behavior and fixation of eye movements as well as the results of computer tasks of joint attention were measured. Results: The results of one and two ways variance indicated that gaze patterns of males and females are different. Also, duration time for looking at the target and face in males was longer than females. Conclusion: In conclusion, our evidence supported the theory of extreme male brain theory indicating lower performance of joint attention in males than females
hamid kazemi; Mojdeh Waziri; Ahmad Abedi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 100-112
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of problem solving training on test and social anxiety in elementary school male students. Methods: The statistical population of this study were all the elementary school male students of Najaf Abad city in academic year 2013-2014. ...
Read More
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of problem solving training on test and social anxiety in elementary school male students. Methods: The statistical population of this study were all the elementary school male students of Najaf Abad city in academic year 2013-2014. Out of the population, 30 students were selected through cluster random sampling and were assigned randomly in one experimental (n=15) and one control (n=15) group. Both groups completed a Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Abolghasemi et al. 1375) and Jerabek's (1996) Social Anxiety Questionnaire in pre-test and post-test stages. Eight weekly sessions of problem solving training was administrated to the experimental group for once a week, but the control group received no intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that both of the dependent variables in the experimental group were reduced significantly compared with control group. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, problem solving training can be considered as an efficient intervention to reduce test and social anxiety in primary school students.
Ali Rasoli; Mojtaba Dehghan; Mohamad Hossin Abdollahi; Mahnaz Sahgholyan
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 105-124
Abstract
Introduction: People's cognitive style is important in their attitudes and lives. Besides, it is associated with their personalities and experience of emotions. Therefore, the aim of this study was comparing the personality traits and acceptance/commitment among married people with Assimilator cognitive ...
Read More
Introduction: People's cognitive style is important in their attitudes and lives. Besides, it is associated with their personalities and experience of emotions. Therefore, the aim of this study was comparing the personality traits and acceptance/commitment among married people with Assimilator cognitive style and Explorer cognitive style. Method: The design was causal-comparative and the population of the study consisted of all adults that were living in Mazandaran city, and among them 130 married men and women (65 women and 65 men) were selected as sample through available sampling method. To collect data, the Scale of Cognitive Style, five Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) and second edition of Accepting and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) were used. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance was used. Results: The results showed that people with Explorer Cognitive Style and Assimilator Cognitive Style were significantly different in terms of personality traits of neuroticism, flexibility and conscientiousness and also were significantly different in terms of the degree of acceptance/commitment. However, there was no significant difference between two cognitive styles in terms of extraversion and openness to experience. Conclusion: Thus, the way people process information and also their Cognitive confrontation with problems can lead to tendency toward specific personality traits and differences in their acceptance or experimental avoidance.
