fereshte hassani; ahmad alipour; majid safarinia; alireza aghayosefi
Abstract
Objective: Stigma is a set of prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviors that makes the carrier of special label deprived of full social acceptance. The purpose of this study was study affiliate stigma in first and second degree relatives of people with disabilities. Method: The research design ...
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Objective: Stigma is a set of prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviors that makes the carrier of special label deprived of full social acceptance. The purpose of this study was study affiliate stigma in first and second degree relatives of people with disabilities. Method: The research design was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all first and second degree relatives of disabled people who were be served by the Welfare Organization or health centers of Mobarakeh city of Isfahan, and lived in this city in the fall of 2019. From this statistical population, 300 people were selected using purposive sampling. The Affiliate Stigma Scale developed by Chang et al. (2015) was used to assess stigma. Results: According to the results of the regression model; Familial degree, cause of disability and level of education significantly contributed to the prediction affiliate stigma. Conclusions: First-degree family relation, lower education level and congenital disability are related factors for increased risk for affiliate stigma.
Cognitive psycholog
Fatemeh Alipour; Abolfazl Farid; Ramin Habibi-kaleybar; Golamreza Golmohammad nejad
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of combining the researches conducted in the field of determining the effectiveness of educational and therapeutic psychological interventions on the cognitive flexibility of Iranian children and adolescents with the meta-analysis method. The statistical population ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of combining the researches conducted in the field of determining the effectiveness of educational and therapeutic psychological interventions on the cognitive flexibility of Iranian children and adolescents with the meta-analysis method. The statistical population of the present analysis is the available researches related to the effectiveness of educational and therapeutic psychological interventions on the flexibility of children and adolescents, which were published between 2013 and 2023. Based on the defined entry and exit criteria for primary studies and sensitivity analysis, 61 effect sizes from 43 primary studies were analyzed by CMA software version 2. The findings showed that the summary effect size of the random model was equal to 1.964, which is statistically significant and indicates the positive effect of educational and therapeutic psychological interventions on cognitive flexibility. Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the types of intervention, research tools, and the age and gender of the subjects. As a result, considering the desired effectiveness of providing educational and therapeutic interventions in order to improve the cognitive flexibility of children and adolescents, it is suggested that it should be considered more and more by those involved in the education of children and adolescents in order to benefit from its potential benefits throughout life.
Psychology
Majid Baradaran; Farzaneh Ranjbar Noushari
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety sensitivity and cognitive fusion in university students with body dysmorphic disorder. This study was a semi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test. The statistical population of this study included ...
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The purpose of this study was the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety sensitivity and cognitive fusion in university students with body dysmorphic disorder. This study was a semi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test. The statistical population of this study included university students of Payame Noor University of Amlash in academic year 2023-2024. Subjects were first screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. therefore, 40 university students with body dysmorphic disorder were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (20 persons in each group). All of the sample groups completed anxiety sensitivity (Floyd et al, 2005) and Cognitive Fusion Scales (Gillanders et al, 2010). The ACT group in 8 sessions based on Hayes et al (1999) model while the control group did not receive any treatment. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance was used. Results showed that there were significant differences between two groups on anxiety sensitivity and cognitive fusion (P <0.01). ACT as a third wave treatment, can be an effective intervention to reduce the anxiety sensitivity and cognitive fusion in university students with body dysmorphic disorder.
social Psychology
Ali Mostafaie; Sadegh Sadegh Shirbigipour
Abstract
Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of Predicting social cognition based on False beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias with the Mediation of Theory of Mind. Method:Research method was descriptive ,correlational and structural equation modeling.The ...
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Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of Predicting social cognition based on False beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias with the Mediation of Theory of Mind. Method:Research method was descriptive ,correlational and structural equation modeling.The statistical population included all high school students of Ilam city in the academic year 2020-2021, which Among them 380 people were selected by Cluster sampling method. The instruments was include Nejati et al.'s Social Cognition scale (2017), Baron-Cohen et al.'s Theory of Mind Questionnaire (2001), Pentridge et al.'s Motivational Bias Questionnaire (2002), Shostrom's Personal Perception Questionnaire (1992), and Catlin and Epstein's False Beliefs Questionnaire (2003). Reliability and validity of the questionnaires were verified by first and second rank confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL software and CR and AVE values. Analysis of data was performed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in two parts, the measurement model and structural section. Results: The results showed that the conceptual model developed had a good fit with the data. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated the significance of the coefficients of the direct path between the variables of false beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias with social cognition in the final model. Also, theory of mind has a direct, positive and significant effect on social cognition. Finally, false beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias has a negative and significant indirect effect through the mediating variable of Theory of Mind on social cognition. Conclusion:Therefore, applying strategies to reduce false beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias and increasing theory of mind can lead to increasing social cognition in students
Cognitive psycholog
fatemeh fooladi; hosein zare; pariya meraji saeed
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and executive functions with the mediating role of emotional processing. This research was a type of correlation study and structural equation model. The statistical population of the study consisted ...
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and executive functions with the mediating role of emotional processing. This research was a type of correlation study and structural equation model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the students of Tehran city, from which 270 people from Al-Zahra University (S) were selected using available sampling. To collect data, the childhood trauma questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), the executive skills questionnaire (Street et al., 2019), and the emotional processing scale (Baker et al., 2007) were used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and structural equation modeling with the help of Amos24 and SPSS22 software. The findings of this research indicated that the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and executive functions is significant. Also, the model of the mediating role of emotional processing in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and executive functions had a favorable fit. Bootstrap results also indicated the impact of traumatic childhood experiences on executive functions through the mediating role of emotional processing. As a result, it can be said that the emotional processing variable has a significant mediating role in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and executive functions. Therefore, it is necessary to act through information and awareness in the field of negative cognitive consequences of traumatic childhood experiences to prevent or intervene early in this field.
social Psychology
اکرم ملک زاده
Abstract
Aim: present study was conducted with the aim of testing and modeling the relapse of addiction in relation to dark personality traits with the mediating role of burden perception and neutral sense of belonging in women. Method: The present study was descriptive-survey of applied type. The statistical ...
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Aim: present study was conducted with the aim of testing and modeling the relapse of addiction in relation to dark personality traits with the mediating role of burden perception and neutral sense of belonging in women. Method: The present study was descriptive-survey of applied type. The statistical population included 200 women with addiction relapse, who were selected by the available sampling method and considering the entry and exit criteria. The tools used to collect the Addiction Relapse Questionnaire (2000), the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire to investigate neutral belongingness and the Perceived Burdensomenessby Kimberly et al (2012) and the Dark Triad Questionnaire (Jonason & Webster, 2010) were used. To analyze the data, structural equations were used using spss v.22 and pls software. The findings indicated that the effect of narcissistic personality on addiction relapse is 0.29, the effect of Machiavellian personality on addiction relapse is 0.19, the effect of psychotic personality on addiction relapse is 0.68, the effect of perceived burden on addiction relapse is 0.49, the effect of feeling The neutral relationship on addiction relapse was reported as 0.53. Also, the mediating role of perceived burdensomeness and sense of neutral belonging in the relationship between dark personality and addiction relapse was confirmed. Considering the complexity of addiction relapse in women, it is necessary to focus on improving the interpersonal relationships of people with dark personality. Improving interpersonal relationships is effective in preventing the feeling of rejection and emotional and social deprivation, which leads to the reduction of the feeling of being burdened and the feeling of neutral belonging. Also, increasing the awareness of the people around them about the importance of their support for people who have relapsed addiction can be effective in reducing their return to addiction
Cognitive neuroscience
Saeedeh Khosravi; soomaayeh heysieattalab; Birgit Derntl; Reza Khosrowabadi; Touraj Hashemi
Abstract
Social dominance orientation (SDO) characterizes an individual's inclination to accept social hierarchies and seek superiority over specific groups. Within the context of decision-making, SDO plays a pivotal role, particularly when navigating complex and uncertain situations. This research aimed to examine ...
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Social dominance orientation (SDO) characterizes an individual's inclination to accept social hierarchies and seek superiority over specific groups. Within the context of decision-making, SDO plays a pivotal role, particularly when navigating complex and uncertain situations. This research aimed to examine the neural and behavioral patterns associated with decision-making under uncertainty in individuals with different levels of social dominance orientation. Researchers studied the brain activity of 30 students. Participants received positive and negative feedback under conditions of anticipation and uncertainty, while their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Specifically, features related to the N2 component (amplitude and latency) were examined. The findings revealed individuals with higher SDO exhibited faster reaction times during decision-making, especially when confronted with uncertain outcomes. As social dominance orientation increased, participants became more adept at swiftly processing information and making choices. Moreover, the high SDO group displayed a larger N2 amplitude compared to the low SDO group. This amplitude difference was particularly pronounced when participants received negative feedback. Interestingly, the effect was context-dependent: When individuals with high SDO anticipated certain outcomes (positive or negative), their N2 amplitude increased significantly upon receiving negative feedback. Conversely, individuals with low SDO showed a larger N2 amplitude specifically when faced with unexpected negative feedback in uncertain situations. However, the comparison of N2 latency between the group with high SDO and the group with low SDO did not yield statistically significant differences. These findings suggest that decision-making speed under uncertainty could be considered a potential biological marker for individual tendencies toward social dominance. This discovery, in addition to confirming the relationship between social dominance orientation and decision-making processes, could have applications in various fields, including the design of AI-based decision-making systems and the development of strategies for managing social behavior.
Cognitive psycholog
Mohammad Sadegh Ataee; Mohammad Hossein Abdollahi; Jafar Hasani; Valiollah Ramezani
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional experience induction on working memory performance with regard to students' positive and negative metacognitive beliefs. The present study is an semiexperimental study of pretest-posttest type with a control group. The statistical population ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional experience induction on working memory performance with regard to students' positive and negative metacognitive beliefs. The present study is an semiexperimental study of pretest-posttest type with a control group. The statistical population of the study was students of Kharazmi University. 80 subjects were screened using the Wells (1997) standard metacognitive questionnaire into 4 groups of positive high, positive low, negative high, and negative low metacognitive beliefs. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. According to the research findings, in the group with high characteristics of positive metacognitive beliefs, working memory performance increased significantly after positive emotional induction, but no change in memory performance was observed after negative emotional induction. In the group with low characteristics of positive metacognitive beliefs, working memory performance increased significantly after positive emotional induction and decreased significantly after negative emotional induction. In the group with high characteristics of negative metacognitive beliefs, working memory performance did not change after positive emotional induction but decreased significantly after negative emotional induction. In the group with low characteristics of negative metacognitive beliefs, working memory performance increased significantly after positive emotional induction and decreased significantly after negative emotional induction. According to the results of the study, memory performance in students with positive metacognitive beliefs is more influenced by positive emotional experiences, and in students with negative metacognitive beliefs, it is dependent on the induction of negative emotions.
Cognitive psycholog
mona saffarinia; Morteza Tarkhan
Abstract
The current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of teaching entrepreneurship concepts on creative thinking and metacognition of primary school children. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Using Welch and McDowall's (2002) ...
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The current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of teaching entrepreneurship concepts on creative thinking and metacognition of primary school children. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Using Welch and McDowall's (2002) creative thinking questionnaires and Baku et al.'s (2009) children's metacognition assessment, 30 third grade students enrolled in the 4th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2014-2015. They were randomly selected and replaced voluntarily in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group received 10 sessions (3 sessions per week) of the entrepreneurship concept training program as a group, and the control group did not receive any trial in this field. After the implementation of the intervention, the creative thinking and metacognition of the children of both groups were measured again. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. F calculated for the main hypothesis and sub-hypotheses in relation to the studied variables showed a significant difference in both groups. This research, in convergence with the results of similar researches, expresses the fact that the teaching of entrepreneurship concepts has an effective role on the creative thinking and metacognition of students' children. Keywords: concepts of entrepreneurship, creative thinking, children's metacognition
social Psychology
Esmail Sadri; bahman zardi; saeed khakdal
Abstract
Abstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of online intimacy and deception scale in students. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were studying in the academic year of 2023-2024. The ...
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Abstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of online intimacy and deception scale in students. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were studying in the academic year of 2023-2024. The research sample consisted of 331 people (41 boys and 290 girls) who were selected by available methods. Stanton et al.'s (2016) online intimacy and deception scale was used to collect data. To check the validity of the scale, the internal consistency method was used, and to check the validity of the scale, the correlation of the subscales of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results showed that the alpha coefficient for online intimacy factor was 0.71 and for online deception was 0.75. The results of fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis showed that this scale has a good fit (CFI=0.93, NFI=0.90 and RMSEA=0.073). As a result, it can be said that this scale is a suitable tool for measuring sincere and deceptive behavior in cyberspace.
Psychology
azam akrami; Ahmad Ghazanfari; Reza Ahmadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a training package on motivational strategies, and to compare the effectiveness of motivational strategies training and emotion regulation training on the social development of female high school students. In the development phase of the training ...
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The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a training package on motivational strategies, and to compare the effectiveness of motivational strategies training and emotion regulation training on the social development of female high school students. In the development phase of the training package, appropriate content objectives were first prepared, and after receiving expert feedback, the training package was finalized. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) for all objectives in this training package were high. Therefore, the motivational strategies training package was developed in 8 ninety-minute sessions. In the effectiveness evaluation section, a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group and follow-up was used. The statistical population of this study included all female students studying in high school in Foladshahr in the academic year 1402-1403. The data collection tool was the Weissman Social Development Questionnaire. For data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the significant difference in means between the groups. The results showed that the mean scores of the social development variable were significantly different between the experimental and control groups (F=223.57, P=0.000, effect size=0.732), indicating a significant difference between the two groups. Additionally, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the variables in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05), indicating that the effectiveness of both motivational strategies training and emotion regulation training on social development and its components was confirmed. The motivational strategies training method was significantly more effective than the emotion regulation method in promoting social development, and the sustainability of the training effect was confirmed.
social Psychology
atefeh heyrat; kamran sheivandi; nazanin mohammadi
Abstract
The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the social presence questionnaire of students in a virtual way. The statistical population included all the students of Isfahan University in the academic year of 1400-1399 (16500). Based on the Cochran formula, ...
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The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the social presence questionnaire of students in a virtual way. The statistical population included all the students of Isfahan University in the academic year of 1400-1399 (16500). Based on the Cochran formula, a sample of 367 people was selected based on a multi-stage random method. The data collection tool included Yen and Tu's social presence questionnaire (2008). Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysisThe reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale and its dimensions. The confirmatory validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinion of psychological experts. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the items of the social presence questionnaire had an appropriate and meaningful factor load, and the social presence consists of four factors of social context, privacy, interaction and online communication. The fit indices showed that the measurement model of the social presence questionnaire has a good fit. The social presence questionnaire by measuring the four dimensions of social context, privacy, interaction and online communication is a valid tool to determine the extent to which people have this empowering feature, and for this reason, it can easily be used by researchers and professionals in the field of psychology and social sciences.
Psychology
reyhane sheykhan; mohadese noori
Abstract
the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on academic procrastination, self-disability and cognitive flexibility in students addicted to social networks. The current research was a semi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test type with a control ...
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the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on academic procrastination, self-disability and cognitive flexibility in students addicted to social networks. The current research was a semi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population in this research was all secondary school students in the city of Arak in the academic year 1401-1402, of which 30 were selected by available sampling method (students with a score higher than the cut-off level of 50 in the Internet Addiction Questionnaire). mobile-based social networks) were selected as samples. The participants were divided into two experimental and control groups by random assignment, and the experimental group received 8 treatment sessions. As a pre-test and post-test, the participants answered the academic procrastination questionnaire of Solomon and Rothblom (1984), the self-handicapping questionnaire of Jones and Rodolt (1982) and the cognitive flexibility questionnaire of Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010). The results showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment reduces academic procrastination, self-disability and improves cognitive flexibility in students addicted to social networks (p<0.01). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be one of the intervention programs of school counseling centers in order to reduce procrastination and other variables involved in the target groups.
Educational Psychology
Marziye Eskandaripour; Javad Mesrabadi; Masoud Baghbani
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of quantitatively combining researches in the field of relationship between social growth indicators and academic achievement using meta-analysis method. Also, determining the role of variables such as types of social growth indicators, dependent variable, place ...
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This research was conducted with the aim of quantitatively combining researches in the field of relationship between social growth indicators and academic achievement using meta-analysis method. Also, determining the role of variables such as types of social growth indicators, dependent variable, place of research, the gender and age of subjects on this relationship was another goal of this meta-analysis. According to the entry criteria, 42 primary studies were analyzed. After removing an outlier effect size based on the results of the funnel plot, the summery effect size between these two variables was equal to 0.33. Also, heterogeneity analysis showed the possible role of moderating variables on the relationship between these two constructs. Social capital and social support had a larger effect size than other indicators in the relationship between social growth indicators on academic achievement. In relation to the dependent variable, using the GPA of literature and math courses as the dependent variable had a greater effect than using the overall academic GPA as the dependent variable. It was also found that the effect size of research implementation in school is not much different from research implementation in university. In relation to gender, it was also found that the effect size of the relationship between social growth indicators and academic achievement is slightly higher in men than in women. Also, the effect sizes of the relationship between the two mentioned variables increase with the age of the examinees.
social Psychology
Javid Takjoo; Iraj Shakerinia; Seyed vali ollah Mousavi; Sajjad Rezaei
Abstract
Introduction: Dishonesty is a pervasive behavior that occurs in various contexts. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the rate and motivations of dishonesty in aggregate and compare it in both genders.Method: The current research conducted using one-shot study design. The statistical ...
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Introduction: Dishonesty is a pervasive behavior that occurs in various contexts. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the rate and motivations of dishonesty in aggregate and compare it in both genders.Method: The current research conducted using one-shot study design. The statistical population consists of all undergraduate students of University of Guilan. The present study includes 189 students who were selected by purposeful sampling and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided into two groups: men (92 people) and women (97 people). The Dice-rolling method was used to measure the rate and motivations of dishonesty. The resulting data were analyzed by binomial test. The Independent t test and the Chi-square test of independence was used to compare the rate and motivations of dishonesty in both genders respectively.Finding: The results indicate that a significant proportion of men (z=4.78, df=91, p< 0.001), women (z=1.71, df=96, p<0.05), and the total participants (z=4.66, df=188, p<0.001) engaged in dishonest behavior with economical motivation. The honest-image motivation was observed in men (z =1.15, df=91, p<0.045), while a conservative approach to dishonest behavior was observed in women (z=1.71, df=96, p<0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was found between men and women in the rate of dishonest behavior (t=1.15,df=187, p<0.175) or in the economical motivation (χ²=2.805, df=1, p<0.093). Conclusion: Based on the findings, maximizing personal gain is a motivator for dishonest behavior. Additionally, maintaining an honest self-image is more prominent in men, while a conservative approach is more evident in women
Cognitive psycholog
Samila Arzeroomchilar; Zohreh Rafezi
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the current research is to answer the question whether functions related to emotion such as risky decision-making and theory of mind change in all people under the influence of sadness and happiness induction, or according to different levels of emotional processing. People react ...
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Introduction: The aim of the current research is to answer the question whether functions related to emotion such as risky decision-making and theory of mind change in all people under the influence of sadness and happiness induction, or according to different levels of emotional processing. People react differently after experiencing these emotions. Method: In order to investigate this question, 60 volunteers, in the age range of 18-40 years old, were included using available sampling method. After evaluating the mood with the Beck Depression Questionnaire and measuring emotional processing by the Baker scale, they were randomly placed in one of the groups of induction of happiness, induction of sadness and control. In order to induce emotional states, the methods of playing short films and mental imagery were used. Then the Iowa software test and the eye reading mind test were performed. Findings: The results obtained using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that in this research, the induction of none of the emotions of happiness and sadness had no significant effect on the amount of theory of mind and risky decision making of participants with different levels of emotional processing. Conclusion: From these findings, it can be concluded that being exposed to emotions of happiness and sadness with moderate to relatively high intensity in the short term (less than an hour), cannot significantly alter the level of functions of theory of mind and risky decision making in the direction of improvement or dysfunction in individuals with different emotional processing levels.
social Psychology
Eisa Jafari; Fereshteh Pourmohseni koluri; Ali Salmani
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital and personality traits (narcissism, socio-partisan and psychopathy) in predicting subversive behaviors (demolition of public property) in adolescents. Methodology The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital and personality traits (narcissism, socio-partisan and psychopathy) in predicting subversive behaviors (demolition of public property) in adolescents. Methodology The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this research includes all male high school students in Ardabil city during the academic year of 2017-2018, 200 of whom were selected by random cluster sampling and were selected by the social capital questionnaire (2005), Dark personality inventory (2010) and researcher-made subversive behaviors (vandalism) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correlation test and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between social capital and subversive behaviors, and there is a positive and significant relationship between the dark personality of narcissism and machoism with subversive behaviors. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that the linear combination of social capital and personality traits (narcissism, socialization, and maxi-ilism) could predict %20 of the variance of subversive behaviors in adolescents. Regarding the role of social capital in reducing subversive behaviors and the direct and significant role of dark-personality traits in predicting subversive behaviors in adolescents, it is suggested to propose ways to strengthen social infrastructure for adolescents, as well as adolescents with dark personality characteristics And prone to malicious behaviors, to be trained.
social Psychology
Tahir Mahbobi
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the relationship between mindfulness and positive thinking with job stress and entrepreneurial self-efficacy among elementary school teachers in Bukan city. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population is all elementary school ...
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This study was conducted to determine the relationship between mindfulness and positive thinking with job stress and entrepreneurial self-efficacy among elementary school teachers in Bukan city. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population is all elementary school teachers in Bukan city, which is approximately 380 people. The sampling method is simple random method. The sample size was 191 according to the Cochran formula, and after distributing the questionnaire, 185 completed questionnaires were collected. In order to collect data, the mindfulness questionnaires of Bauer et al. (2006), positive thinking of Ingram and Wisnicki (1998), job stress of Philip L. Rice (1992), and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of De Noble et al. (1999) were used, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were examined and confirmed. To analyze the data and examine the research hypotheses, descriptive statistics methods such as mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics methods such as population normality and correlation coefficient and univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used, and all these calculations were performed using SPSS software. The results obtained from this study show that there is a significant relationship between mindfulness and positive thinking with job stress and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In terms of mindfulness and positive thinking, there is a positive relationship with entrepreneurial self-efficacy and a negative relationship with job stress. So we conclude that mindfulness and positive thinking increase entrepreneurial self-efficacy and reduce employee job stress.
social Psychology
mozaffar ghaffari; roshanak rezai; Ahmad Esmali
Abstract
This study aimed to present a causal model of digital narcissism among social media users based on physical self-esteem, social competence, and social identity. The research employed a correlational method using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all high school students ...
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This study aimed to present a causal model of digital narcissism among social media users based on physical self-esteem, social competence, and social identity. The research employed a correlational method using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all high school students in Maragheh City in 2024, totaling 4500 individuals. The sample size was determined to be 381 participants based on Morgan's table. Participants were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data collection instruments included the Digital Narcissism Questionnaire (ONPI), the Physical Self-Esteem Scale (CPSES), the Social Identity Questionnaire (SIQ), and the Social Competence Questionnaire (SCQ). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, bootstrap methods, and the Sobel test in SPSS and AMOS software version 26. The findings revealed that physical self-esteem and social identity, with the mediating role of social competence, significantly contributed to the explanation of digital narcissism in the proposed model. Altogether, the variables in the model explained 50% of the variance in users' digital narcissism. The direct effects of social identity (-0.33), social competence (-0.26), and physical self-esteem (-0.43) on digital narcissism were significant. Additionally, the indirect effects of physical self-esteem (t-value = -2.01) and social identity (t-value = -2.36) through social competence were also statistically significant. Given the findings, it can be concluded that physical self-esteem, social identity, and social competence have a substantial impact on digital narcissism among users. These factors should be considered in addressing the challenges of digital narcissism and enhancing the quality of online social interactions.
