Majid Safari nia; Hossein Zare; logman Hasani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 66-76
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed at measuring the overall effectiveness of teaching critical thinking on resource control and reducing the cognitive imbalance (arousal) of second year high school male students of Baneh. Method: The study was experimental and the statistical population consisted of 40 ...
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Aim: This study aimed at measuring the overall effectiveness of teaching critical thinking on resource control and reducing the cognitive imbalance (arousal) of second year high school male students of Baneh. Method: The study was experimental and the statistical population consisted of 40 students in second year of high school in Baneh. The subjects were chosen by multiple-stage cluster method. The data was gathered by a standardized questionnaire - reducing inconsistencies DARQ Harmon - Jones (Saffari Nia & Zandi, 1389). Results: The results Showed a significant difference between locus of control of the experimental group and locus of control of the control group. That is, critical thinking can change some traits and characteristics which in this study was resource control. However, there was no significant difference between reducing cognitive imbalance of those who were taught critical thinking and those who were not. In this study, critical thinking not only did not reduce the level of imbalance, but increased it to some extent as well.
Fatemeh Samiee; Iran Baghban; Mohammad Reza Abedi; Alireza Sadeghian
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 69-80
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed at investigating the process of cognitive development of career aspirations among children. Method: For this purpose, 179 students (85 girls and 94 boys) from 5 educational areas of Isfahan were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. The method of data collection ...
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Aims: This study aimed at investigating the process of cognitive development of career aspirations among children. Method: For this purpose, 179 students (85 girls and 94 boys) from 5 educational areas of Isfahan were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. The method of data collection was semi-structural interview and data Analysis was done through descriptive analysis, variance analysis, and paired t-test. Results: The results showed that the difference in the career aspirations as well as the differences among different age groups and genders were significant (P<0/05). Conclusion: Although in both genders the development of aspirations was progressive, the rate of development in girls was higher than boys.
Arezoo Vahid; Davood Manavipour
Abstract
Introduction:This research aimed at explaining self-knowledge based on the components of epistemological beliefs and personality traits. Method: The research method was correlational in this study. The statistical populationof this study included all students of (State, Azad, Applied Science, and non-profit)universitiesof ...
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Introduction:This research aimed at explaining self-knowledge based on the components of epistemological beliefs and personality traits. Method: The research method was correlational in this study. The statistical populationof this study included all students of (State, Azad, Applied Science, and non-profit)universitiesof Tehran in the academic year of 2017-18. For this purpose, a total of 400 female students were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The research instrument wereSelf-Knowledge Questionnaire (Ghorbani, Watson & Hargeis, 2003), Five Factor Personality short-form Questionnaire (McCarry & Costa, 1985),and the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (Schommer, 1993). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis method.Results:The findings of the research showed that there was a significant direct correlation between self-knowledge andpersonality traits (Compatibility and Conscientious) and epistemology beliefs (innate ability andability to understand everything fully)(p < %05). Also, the variables of personality traits (Compatibility and Conscientious) and epistemology beliefs (ability to understand everything fully)were able to explain and predict self-knowledge with beta coefficients of%260, %156,and %150.Conclusion: Since epistemology beliefs (ability to understand everything fully)and personality traits (Compatibility and Conscientious) can explain and predict self-knowledge,it seems that students can improve their self-esteem by promoting such features.
Majid Safari Nia; vahideh salehmirhasani
Volume 2, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 76-88
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the workload, job control and work-life balance among industrial company's personnel’s (n = 333). Method: Kerichmer and Kohen Model was applied to measure workload. Job control was measured by Dwyer & Guster and ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the workload, job control and work-life balance among industrial company's personnel’s (n = 333). Method: Kerichmer and Kohen Model was applied to measure workload. Job control was measured by Dwyer & Guster and Jackson’s job control scales. Work-Life Balance scale with 18 items was developed by the researchers. Statistical analysis methods were correlation and stepwise regression. Findings: Results show that Work-Life Balance has a negative correlation with workload and positive correlation with job control. Regression analysis indicate workload (with β = - 0/43) and job control (with β = 0/36) could predict Work-Life Balance. Conclusion: Finally, findings of this study indicate when workload and demands are high; job control can moderates its effect on work-life balance.
Clinical Psychology
fateme Arastoo; Iran Davoudi; Bahram Peymannia
Abstract
Objective: This research was conducted to develop a structural model of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms based on intolerance of uncertainty with the mediating of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility.Method: In this study, ...
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Objective: This research was conducted to develop a structural model of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms based on intolerance of uncertainty with the mediating of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility.Method: In this study, 208 students were selected from among all the students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz as a sample by random cluster sampling method, to collect data from the short scale of generalized anxiety disorder, scale of intolerance of uncertainty, questionnaire for Negative attitude toward the problem, repetitive thoughts questionnaire, anxiety sensitivity questionnaire, and cognitive flexibility questionnaire were used.The method of the current research was a correlation of the structural equation modeling. Data analysis and model evaluation was done by AMOS and SPSS software. Findings: The results indicated the confirmation of the general model of the relationship between the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and intolerance of uncertainty with the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility. Also, the findings of the research, while confirming the direct effect of intolerance of uncertainty on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, and anxiety sensitivity, showed that intolerance of uncertainty through the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, Cognitive flexibility is indirectly related to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that these relationships can predict the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in the form of a model. Therefore, using interventions to improve these characteristics can be effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.
Mosayeb Yarmohamadi Vasel; fatemeh azime sadat; Mohammad Reza Zofgi Paidar; Hussien Mohagheghi
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotion-based parent-child interaction therapy on improving executive functions. The present study was quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all boys ...
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotion-based parent-child interaction therapy on improving executive functions. The present study was quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all boys with depression disorder at the age range of 4 to 5.5 years in Isfahan. Thirty children and parents were selected by purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Preschool Children Emotion Checklist (Lobby et al., 2004) and the Parents' Reaction to Child's Negative Emotions Scale (Mirabel, 2015) were used to collect data. The mentioned therapy was implemented in 14 sessions of 1 hour per week for the subjects in the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. The results of analysis of covariance showed that emotion-oriented parent-child interactive therapy had a significant effect on improving executive functions with a coefficient of 0.81, also this treatment on the components of executive functions including change, inhibition, planning, emotional control And working memory has been effective. Therefore, parent-child interactive therapy focused emotional on parent's reactions can be used as a therapeutic strategy for parents to improve executive functions.
Psychology
Shokoufeh Mousavi; MahmoudReza Shahsavari; , Maedeh Golnia
Abstract
Introduction: Job burnout in teachers caused by technostress or technology-related stress during the virtual teaching period of COVID-19 pandemic is one of the new global societal damages. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of job burnout based on technostress with the mediating ...
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Introduction: Job burnout in teachers caused by technostress or technology-related stress during the virtual teaching period of COVID-19 pandemic is one of the new global societal damages. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of job burnout based on technostress with the mediating role of psychological characteristics, organizational commitment, and perceived social support. Research Method: The statistical population consisted of elementary school teachers in the city of Ferdowsi who were teaching online during the COVID-19 pandemic and 84 of them were selected as the available sample using the sampling method. To collect data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (1981), the Technostress Supporters and Colleagues Questionnaire (2008), the Perceived Social Support from Friends and Colleagues Questionnaire (1998), and the Allen and Meyer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1990) were used. The collected data were analyzed using 23AMOS and 23SPSS software. Results: The results showed that perceived social support and job commitment did not have a significant mediating role in predicting job burnout. Therefore, it can be concluded that technostress directly plays a significant role in predicting job burnout, but technostress does not have a significant contribution to predicting job burnout with the mediating role of perceived social support and organizational commitment. Additionally, the results indicated that gender and teaching experience did not have a significant effect on job burnout. However, there was a significant difference between the average job burnout in individuals of different ages. Hence, age has a significant effect on job burnout.
susan alizadeh fard; Masomeh Tadris Tabrizi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2015, , Pages 82-94
Abstract
Introduction: Considering the the important role of procrastination and social loafing on personal and social development, the main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Choice Theory training on procrastination and social loafing. Method: A total number of 36 female students of Tehran ...
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Introduction: Considering the the important role of procrastination and social loafing on personal and social development, the main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Choice Theory training on procrastination and social loafing. Method: A total number of 36 female students of Tehran Universities in 1392 were selected by accessible sampling and were divided into an experimental group including 16 students and a control group including 20 students. Tuckman's Procrastination Scale and Saffarinia's Social Loafing Test were conducted to collect basic level data. The participants of the experimental group attended 8 sessions of Choice Theory training protocol. Both inventories were conducted again immediately after the training period and after two months. The results of post-tests were compared with the basic level through covariance analysis. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups and reduction of procrastination and social loafing in the experimental group compared with the control group. But this reduction was not evident in the follow up test which was conducted after two months. Even the level of social loafing increased significantly. Conclusion: The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the utility of applying Choice Theory training for significant reduction of procrastination and social loafing in short time; however, these results are not perdurable in long time.
Imanollah Bigdeli; Parviz sabahi; saeed Azami
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 87-99
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed at analyzing the content of electoral messages of the candidates of the eleventh round of presidential elections and measuring the adaptation rate of those with the Good Governance Model. It also measured the degree of consistency between the working priorities of the elected ...
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Introduction: This study aimed at analyzing the content of electoral messages of the candidates of the eleventh round of presidential elections and measuring the adaptation rate of those with the Good Governance Model. It also measured the degree of consistency between the working priorities of the elected president with those of people. Method: The research design was descriptive and its statistical population included all candidates of the eleventh round of presidential election as well as all eligible voters in Semnan province. All candidates’ TV promotional programs and their debates were analyzed. Besides, from among the approximately 400 thousands eligible voters in Semnan province, 650 were randomly selected to fill out the researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The electoral message contents of candidates were categorized and evaluated by two independent raters, and the contingency coefficient between them were calculated. Results: The results revealed that the contents of electoral messages of most candidates were consistent with Good Governance Model. Furthermore, according to the results of the survey, people had more attention to plan and working experiences of their desired candidate. Moreover, the people expectations from president-elect (such as inflation problem, employment and nuclear issue) were consistent with working priorities of the president–elect. Conclusion: Adjusting the content of electoral messages based on an efficient framework (such as the Good Governance Model) and in accordance with conditions dominating the society, is effective in success in elections.
mojgan sepahmansour; zahra barati; fatemeh hossin Gholi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 89-101
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this research was studying the most effective variables on materialism and explaining the relationships among them. Method: The study was conducted through structural equation modeling. The population included all high school students in Tehran and from among them 300 people ...
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Introduction: The aim of this research was studying the most effective variables on materialism and explaining the relationships among them. Method: The study was conducted through structural equation modeling. The population included all high school students in Tehran and from among them 300 people were selected through cluster sampling. The instruments included Material Values Scale (MVS), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and Social Comparison Instruments. Results: The results showed that the obtained model has a suitable goodness of fit with the data. Parents' and peers' social support with the mediating role of social comparison have indirect and positive effect on materialism. Furthermore, the direct and positive effect of social comparison on materialism was significant and the highest total effect belonged to peers' support. Conclusion: The findings of this study matched the findings of some similar researches and provide a robust support for the hypothesized structural relationships
morteza tarkhan; ghasem ahmadi lashki
Volume 3, special , March 2015, , Pages 97-108
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-focused cognitive bias and responsibility with social adjustment in women with marital conflicts. Method: The research method was correlation and the sample consisted of 95 women with marital conflicts that were selected via ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-focused cognitive bias and responsibility with social adjustment in women with marital conflicts. Method: The research method was correlation and the sample consisted of 95 women with marital conflicts that were selected via simple randomization. The investigation instruments were: Woody, Chambles, and Goldes's self-focus cognitive bias, Kordloo's responsibility and Bell's social adjustment questionnaires. Results: Multiple Regression Analyses with stepwise method and Pearson correlation showed that 24.6 percent of common variance (R2) of the social adjustment of women with marital conflicts was explained by self-focused cognitive bias, and 10.8 percent was explained by responsibility, making a total of 35.40 percent. Conclusion: The results of this study were consistent with those of other investigations. They indicated that self-focused cognitive bias and responsibility have basic role in the amount of social adjustment of women with marital conflicts.
Vahid Nejati; Fatemeh Keshvari; Rouhollah Mansouri-Sepehr
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 97-108
Abstract
Aims: According to Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory in autism, the strong and weak points of cognitive reactions of autistic people are milder in males. Joint attention, as a compromiser of subsequent opportunities for the development of social cognition, is disturbed in autistic people. This study aimed ...
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Aims: According to Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory in autism, the strong and weak points of cognitive reactions of autistic people are milder in males. Joint attention, as a compromiser of subsequent opportunities for the development of social cognition, is disturbed in autistic people. This study aimed to investigate this cognitive function in male and females. Method: Fifty seven (32 female) students of Shahid Beheshti University, based on available sampling in year 2013-2014were recruited in the study. Using eye tracking, the behavior and fixation of eye movements as well as the results of computer tasks of joint attention were measured. Results: The results of one and two ways variance indicated that gaze patterns of males and females are different. Also, duration time for looking at the target and face in males was longer than females. Conclusion: In conclusion, our evidence supported the theory of extreme male brain theory indicating lower performance of joint attention in males than females
hamid kazemi; Mojdeh Waziri; Ahmad Abedi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 100-112
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of problem solving training on test and social anxiety in elementary school male students. Methods: The statistical population of this study were all the elementary school male students of Najaf Abad city in academic year 2013-2014. ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of problem solving training on test and social anxiety in elementary school male students. Methods: The statistical population of this study were all the elementary school male students of Najaf Abad city in academic year 2013-2014. Out of the population, 30 students were selected through cluster random sampling and were assigned randomly in one experimental (n=15) and one control (n=15) group. Both groups completed a Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Abolghasemi et al. 1375) and Jerabek's (1996) Social Anxiety Questionnaire in pre-test and post-test stages. Eight weekly sessions of problem solving training was administrated to the experimental group for once a week, but the control group received no intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that both of the dependent variables in the experimental group were reduced significantly compared with control group. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, problem solving training can be considered as an efficient intervention to reduce test and social anxiety in primary school students.
Ali Rasoli; Mojtaba Dehghan; Mohamad Hossin Abdollahi; Mahnaz Sahgholyan
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 105-124
Abstract
Introduction: People's cognitive style is important in their attitudes and lives. Besides, it is associated with their personalities and experience of emotions. Therefore, the aim of this study was comparing the personality traits and acceptance/commitment among married people with Assimilator cognitive ...
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Introduction: People's cognitive style is important in their attitudes and lives. Besides, it is associated with their personalities and experience of emotions. Therefore, the aim of this study was comparing the personality traits and acceptance/commitment among married people with Assimilator cognitive style and Explorer cognitive style. Method: The design was causal-comparative and the population of the study consisted of all adults that were living in Mazandaran city, and among them 130 married men and women (65 women and 65 men) were selected as sample through available sampling method. To collect data, the Scale of Cognitive Style, five Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) and second edition of Accepting and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) were used. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance was used. Results: The results showed that people with Explorer Cognitive Style and Assimilator Cognitive Style were significantly different in terms of personality traits of neuroticism, flexibility and conscientiousness and also were significantly different in terms of the degree of acceptance/commitment. However, there was no significant difference between two cognitive styles in terms of extraversion and openness to experience. Conclusion: Thus, the way people process information and also their Cognitive confrontation with problems can lead to tendency toward specific personality traits and differences in their acceptance or experimental avoidance.
Zahra Sedighi; Farzaneh Mikaeeli; ali issazadegan
Volume 7, Issue 1 , August 2018, , Pages 105-120
Abstract
Introduction: This research focused on effects of training social skills using Bendura’s observational learning model on improving theory of mind of preschool children in Urmia. Method: Current research which is semi-experimental, was conducted in a pretest-aftertest kind of studies with a control ...
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Introduction: This research focused on effects of training social skills using Bendura’s observational learning model on improving theory of mind of preschool children in Urmia. Method: Current research which is semi-experimental, was conducted in a pretest-aftertest kind of studies with a control group.40 children were chosen considering availability and randomly seperated into test and control groups. To evaluate variables in this research, Elliott and Grsham’s social skills calibration gauge for preschool children (ssrs) and Stimman and Morris' 38-item questionnaire about theory of mind were used as tools to get information about pretest and aftertest.Children in test group were trained social skills during 15 sessions using Bendura’s observational learning model.We examined the data produced by tests using covariance analysis and independent T experiment. Conclusion: Findings suggest that training social skills using Bendura’s observational learning model significantly improves these skills andtheory of mind ability in children. Results: Therefore, results of current research imply that through theory of mind development, training involvements can prevent from children’s several cognitive and behavioral abnormalities; so it’s suggested that training social skills will be included in policies of Education Organization and clinical centers.
Pegah Nejat; Javad Hatami
Abstract
Introduction: Moral judgment is one of the subjects studied in social cognition.Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) is a recent theory in moral psychology which has an intercultural and intuitive approach to moral beliefs of people around the world. The current study is concerned with examining psychometric ...
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Introduction: Moral judgment is one of the subjects studied in social cognition.Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) is a recent theory in moral psychology which has an intercultural and intuitive approach to moral beliefs of people around the world. The current study is concerned with examining psychometric properties of a Persian version of the questionnaire associated with this theory, and comparing findings with available reports from the original version as well as other cultures. Method: Data are provided by three studies on Iranian samples: Golkar (2016) and phases II and III of Nejat (2016), with 280, 314, and 180 participants respectively, who responded to Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30). Calculations of Cronbach alphas, as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted and comparisons were made between genders in reliance on foundations. Results: Cronbach alphas for care, fairness and loyalty were relatively low and generally lower than obedience and sanctity. Exploratory factor analysis has led to a three-factor solution in phase II of Nejat (2016), and two-factor solutions in Golkar (2016) and phase III of Nejat (2016). Fit of data to the correlated five-factor model was acceptable. Women scored higher than men in care, fairness, and sanctity. Conclusion: Psychometric properties of the Persian MFQ, though not perfect in some respects, were comparable to those reported by other cultures, and therefore seem to be mainly caused by the complex nature of morality itself. Observed gender differences were similar to international findings and thus supportive of the known-groups validity for this questionnaire.
Abdolvahed Narmashiri; Ahmad Sohrabi; Javad Hatami
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 113-124
Abstract
Introduction: The present study intended to examine the rate of reaction and bias in the perceptual processing associated to paranormal beliefs. Paranormal beliefs are strongly correlated to perceptual biases for detecting illusory patterns, for instance. Perceptual processing and biases are strongly ...
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Introduction: The present study intended to examine the rate of reaction and bias in the perceptual processing associated to paranormal beliefs. Paranormal beliefs are strongly correlated to perceptual biases for detecting illusory patterns, for instance. Perceptual processing and biases are strongly influenced by prior expectations and learning experiences. Methods: A convenient sample of 32 university students (23 male) were recruited for the experiment and were measured by a computerized face/house recognition task and Paranormal Belief Questionnaire (Blackmore & Moore, 1994). Results: The result of ANOVA showed a significant difference between groups with severe and moderain paranormal belief. Therefore, the results showed a significant difference between groups in perceptual-bias and reaction time in relation to paranormal belief. Conclusion: Paranormal beliefs influence the reaction time and perceptual processing.
Afsane Safarpour; Mohammad Ghamari; Simin Hosseinian
Abstract
Aim: Self-injury is a mechanism adolescents use to protect their fragile selves from the pressures of this period, which often cause severe physical and mental harm to themselves. To prevent or reduce these behaviors in adolescents, it is necessary to obtain appropriate information about ...
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Aim: Self-injury is a mechanism adolescents use to protect their fragile selves from the pressures of this period, which often cause severe physical and mental harm to themselves. To prevent or reduce these behaviors in adolescents, it is necessary to obtain appropriate information about this structure and identify the factors affecting them; therefore, the research was conducted to model the structural relationships between social cognition and identity styles, and self-injury behaviors with mediating role of self-compassion in adolescents. Method: The research method was correlational with the structural equations modeling type. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents aged 14-16 years, studying in public schools in Karaj in the academic year 2020-2021, from whom 247 people were selected online using the convenience sampling method. The identity Styles Inventory (Berzonsky, 1989), Social Cognition Inventory (Nejati, et al., 2018), Self-Injury Behavior Inventory (Klonsky & Glenn, 2009) Self-compassion Scale (Neff, 2003) were applied to collect data. Results: The results of the evaluation of the proposed model by structural equations in SPSS23 and Smart PLS3 software showed the direct and negative significant effects of identity styles (P < 0.01) and self-compassion (P < 0.05) on self-injury behaviors. Conclusion: The direct and negative effects of social cognition on self-injury behaviors were significant (P < 0.05), but the indirect effects of social cognition on self-injury behaviors were not significant.
Majid Saffarinia; rogayeh mohammadi; Samira Hasanzadeh
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 120-135
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between mindfulness and mind reading ability and decision-making styles of rational, avoidant, dependent, and intuitive university students. Method: For this purpose, 182 students (71 males and 111 females) were selected from Bonab universities ...
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Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between mindfulness and mind reading ability and decision-making styles of rational, avoidant, dependent, and intuitive university students. Method: For this purpose, 182 students (71 males and 111 females) were selected from Bonab universities via multi-stage random sampling and completed the questionnaires of Scott and Bruce's Decision-Making Styles Inventory (1995), Kentucky’s Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Results: According to the findings, there was positive relationship between mindfulness and mind reading ability and rational and intuitive decision-making styles. Besides, there was a significant negative relationship with dependent decision-making style. There was also significant negative relationship between mind reading ability and avoidant decision-making style. In addition, rational and dependent decision-making styles were predictable by both mindfulness and mind reading variables. But, avoidant and intuitive styles were only predicted by mind reading ability. Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that people's decision making can be improved by mindfulness skill training and strengthening the ability of mind reading.
Vahid Nejati; saman kamari; Sedighe Jafari
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was construction and examine the psychometric characteristics of student social cognition questionnaire (SHAD). Method: This study from the perspective of the purpose and method of collecting information, was a part of correlational research based on psychometric analysis. ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was construction and examine the psychometric characteristics of student social cognition questionnaire (SHAD). Method: This study from the perspective of the purpose and method of collecting information, was a part of correlational research based on psychometric analysis. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire with 19 items was conducted on 735 girl and boy students by random multi-stage cluster sampling in universities of Sharif, Tarbiat Modares, Elmo Sanaat, Shahid Beheshti and Khaje-Nasir. For analysis of data, the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis by principal components method with varimax rotation indicated the existence of 4 component social cognition that were named respectively cognition of self, mindreading, detection of educational threat and understanding of educational environment. These four component explained 49/63 percent of the total variance. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four factors of the questionnaire. On the other hand, the results of the correlation coefficient provided evidence of the convergent validity of the social cognition questionnaire with other cognitive variables in this domain. The reliability of the questionnaire was also measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the correlation of the subscales with the total score of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha for subscale cognition of self (0/73), mindreading (0/72), detection of educational threat (0/71), understanding of educational environment (0/74) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total questionnaire was (0/86). Conclusion: Generally, the results showed that social cognition questionnaire had an appropriate reliability and validity and it can be used as a useful tool to assess student’s social cognition.
Hossein zare; azita kharaman
Abstract
Introduction: The similarities and differences of moral judgements between men and women have always been controversial. Since ethics and its related areas are not separate from psychology, because of its importance in social and human interactions, it is also of great importance. For this reason, much ...
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Introduction: The similarities and differences of moral judgements between men and women have always been controversial. Since ethics and its related areas are not separate from psychology, because of its importance in social and human interactions, it is also of great importance. For this reason, much research and empirical works have focused on gender differences and ethics, which has yielded various results and has created ambiguities. Therefore, the results of this research can be helpful in explaining these issues. Method: Regarding the purpose of the study, the method of the meta-analysis in this study includes all studies conducted and published on gender differences in ethical decisions that have been published in the last ten years. Results: The results suggest that although gender differences in emotional responses appear to be detrimental to others, both men and women engage in similar levels of processing in moral confrontation, and differences in factors, such as age, education, studies, and the like are more important.
Hosein Zare; Sara Ghorbani
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive model of helping behaviors based on the variables of risk perception, self-efficacy and social problem solving with regard to the mediator variable of responsibility. The present study was a descriptive study of the type of correlation and the ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive model of helping behaviors based on the variables of risk perception, self-efficacy and social problem solving with regard to the mediator variable of responsibility. The present study was a descriptive study of the type of correlation and the research population consisted of all aid agencies in the province of Khuzestan in 2018. In order to determine the sample size, Cochran formula based on non-defined population was used and 387 people were selected by cluster sampling method. In this regard, Khuzestan was divided into two geographic areas including north, south, east, west and central. in each region, a flooded area was selected randomly and in each region, two flood relief camps were selected and referred to it and randomly selected subjects who referred to these centers were selected. Data collection tools included the Derakhshandeh Nia's helping behavior questionnaires (2005), Benten risk perception questionnaire (1993), Sherer self-efficacy (1982), Dezurilla et al.'s social problem solving (2002) and Gough's responsibility (1984). In order to test the hypothesis, the statistical method of path analysis was used with SPSS and AMOS-22 software. The results of path analysis of indirect coefficients showed that responsibility can play mediator role in relation between social variables solving and self-efficacy with the helping behavior of flood aid workers in Khuzestan (p < 0/05) while responsibility has not been able to play mediator role in relation between risk perception and helping behavior (p>0/05).
majid baradaran; Farzaneh Ranjbar Noushari
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive flexibility and attachment style as predictors of student social cognition. Method: statistical population was comprised of all students in Payame Noor University of rasht city who have been studying between 2019-2020. Using ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive flexibility and attachment style as predictors of student social cognition. Method: statistical population was comprised of all students in Payame Noor University of rasht city who have been studying between 2019-2020. Using cluster sampling method, a group of 309 students were selected. Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The participants completed the items of Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), attachment styles questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) and student social cognition questionnaire (Nejati, Kamari & Jafari, 2018). Results: Results showed that there were a significant positive correlation between cognitive flexibility and secure attachment with social cognition and significant negative correlation between avoidant and ambivalent attachment with social cognition. Also, regression analysis showed that cognitive flexibility 0.49 and avoidant attachment style 0.02 significantly predict student social cognition (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research indicated that cognitive flexibility and attachment style have basic role in student social cognition.
Educational Psychology
Qamar Khatibi; Mansoreh Karimzadeh; Reza Ghorban Jahromi; Esmail Sadipor
Abstract
The present study investigates the mediating role of Social Competence in the relationship between parenting styles and academically inhibiting behaviors of secondary school students. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using the structural equation method. Its statistical population included ...
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The present study investigates the mediating role of Social Competence in the relationship between parenting styles and academically inhibiting behaviors of secondary school students. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using the structural equation method. Its statistical population included all secondary school students in public schools in Tehran in 2022-2023. Accordingly, 407 people were included in the study by multi-stage cluster sampling method and measured using Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1973), Social Competence Questionnaire (Felner et al.,1990), Academic Cheating Scale (Farnese et al., 2011), academic procrastination Questionnaire (Savari, 2013), and aggression Questionnaire (Williams et al., 1996). Data were analyzed by structural equation method in SPSS-23 and AMOS-24 software. Data analysis revealed that the structural model indices had a good fit. The direct and negative effect of authoritarian parenting patterns on social competence was significant with a standard coefficient of -0.18 and the direct and negative effect of authoritative parenting patterns on social competence was significant with a standard coefficient of 0.25. Also, the direct and positive effect of permissive parenting patterns with a standard coefficient of 0.17 and the direct and negative effect of authoritative parenting patterns and social competence with standard coefficients of -0.21 and -0.34, respectively, were significant on academic inhibiting behaviors. Additionally, the effect of permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parenting patterns on academic inhibiting behaviors with the mediating role of social competence was significant with standardized coefficients of -0.18, 0.13, and 0.24, respectively (P < 0.01). The results of these relationships can predict academic inhibiting behaviors in the form of a model. These results have practical implications for preventive measures against the increase of academically inhibiting behaviors and reducing their negative consequences.
Hamid Lotfi; Hossein Zare; Mahmood Eravani; Yousef Karimi
Volume 2, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 74-86
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of group pressure on hypothesis testing. Method: To do so, a hundred and three participants (Control: n=51 and Experimental: n=52) were randomly selected from among undergraduate students. All participants were tested using the stipulated version of ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of group pressure on hypothesis testing. Method: To do so, a hundred and three participants (Control: n=51 and Experimental: n=52) were randomly selected from among undergraduate students. All participants were tested using the stipulated version of Wason Selection Task (Lotfi and Zare, 1388) and some informative items for Group Pressure. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test and crosstabs statistics. Findings: The results of the study indicated that: (1) In response to the situation for the critical test of hypothesis, most participants tended to choose either unrelated or correct responses. (2) Participants were not significantly different in terms of their psychological desire to keep the initial hypothesis, the choice for the correct response, and the choice for the wrong response. (3) When confronted to a situation which directly challenges their psychological desires, subjects tended to resist against group pressure. Conclusion: Findings in the present study are discussed by the methodological theory of binary explanation of social behavior, as well as psychosocial and cognitive components.
