Social Cognition

In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Association of Social Psychology

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

Comparison of Perceptions of Parenting Style, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Spiritual Intelligence in Girls with and Without Divorced Parents

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Master of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Golestan, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

4 Master of Clinical Psychology, Shahrood Branch, University of Science and Research, Shahrood, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Family is the smallest social unit, its stability or instability affects family members and society. The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in girls with and without divorced parents in Gorgan city. Method: This study was a causal-comparative descriptive research. The socio-statistics were all female students of the second year of secondary school in Gorgan in the academic year 2022-2023. 150 students (75 students with divorced parents and 75 other students) were selected by purposive sampling method. The research tools were Baumrind's (1972) parenting perception questionnaires, Yang's (1998) early maladaptive schemas, and King's spiritual intelligence (2008). To analyze the data, the statistical method of multivariate variance analysis and SPSS version 24 software were used. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between girls with and without divorced parents in terms of perception of parenting style, primary incompatible schemas and spiritual intelligence (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that students with divorced parents in the schemas of cut and rejection, impaired limits and listening to excessive noise; They had permissive and authoritarian parenting style and less spiritual intelligence than other students, and attention to their correction should be taken into consideration by psychotherapy specialists.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Aksu, G., Kayar, O., Tufan, A., Kutuk, M., Sucu, D., Taşdelen, B., Toros, F., & Ozge, A. (2022). Early maladaptive schemas differing according to sex may contribute to migraine among the youth. Brain and Development, 44(7), 427-437.
Afshani, A., & Abuei, A. (2022). Prediction of lifestyle based on spiritual intelligence and moral intelligence in students. Culture of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 13(51), 231-252. [Persian].
Aghili, M., & Khodaei, S. (2018). The role of spiritual intelligence and early incompatible schemas in the religious attitudes of female students with normal families and divorce in Gorgan. Journal of Islamic Psychology, 4(9), 83-95. [Persian].
Arrindell, W. A., & Eisemann. M. (1999). Psychometric evaluation of an inventory for assessment of parental rearing practices. A Dutch form of the EMBU. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 67(3), 77-163.
Chen, G., He, J., Cai, Z., & Fan, X. (2020). Perceived parenting styles and body appreciation among Chinese adolescents: Exploring the mediating roles of dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion. Children and Youth Services Review, 119(9), 56-69.
Dostal, A., & Pilkington, P. (2023). Early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 336(1), 42-51.
Darba, M., Mahmoudpour, A., Kadavi, S., & Yousefi, N. (2021). The relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction and quality of life in women with substance-dependent spouses. Scientific Quarterly of Addiction Research, 15(60), 373-393. [Persian].
Dargahi, H., Ghasemi, M., & Beyranvand, A. (2018). Economic and social factors affecting divorce in Iran with emphasis on business periods, education and employment of women. Economics and modeling, 9(4), 95-120. [Persian].
Fakur, F., Sahibdel, H., & Ebrahimpour, M. (2022). Compilation of a parenting training package based on motivational psychotherapy and its feasibility on improving mothers' parenting and reducing the anxiety of boys suffering from confrontational disobedience. Development of Psychology, 11(3), 149-158. [Persian].
Haddadian, S., & Haddadian, N. (2020). Comparison of behavioral disorders and attachment styles in divorced and normal children, Third International Conference on Psychology, Counseling, Education and Training, Mashhad. [Persian].
Hosseini Nasab, D., Ahmadian, F., & Ravanbakhsh, M. (2008). Investigating the relationship between parenting methods and students' self-efficacy and mental health. Educational and Psychological Studies, 9(1), 21-37. [Persian].
Jafarzadeh, D., Shariatmadar, A., & Qaradaghi, A. (2021). Description of the lived experience of children of parents with emotional divorce. Strategic Researches of Social Issues, 10(4), 117-140. [Persian].
Kranz, D., Roff, J., & Sun, H. (2021). Can economic incentives for joint custody harm children of divorced parents? Evidence from state variation in child support laws. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 189(12), 1-27.
King, D. B. (2008). Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: A definition, model, & measure. Unpublished master's thesis, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
Kang, B., Li, Y., Zhao, X., Cui, X., Qin, X., Fang, S., Chen, J., & Liu, X. (2024). Negative parenting style and depression in adolescents: A moderated mediation of self-esteem and perceived social support. Journal of Affective Disorders, 345(15), 149-156.
Kiessling, L. (2021). How do parents perceive the returns to parenting styles and Neigh Borhoods. European Economic Review, 139(11), 103-111.
Kordi, M. (2022). Prediction of post-divorce adjustment based on parents' parenting styles in single-parent children resulting from divorce in Borujerd city, 7th international conference on modern researches in psychology, social sciences, educational and educational sciences. [Persian].
Mansouri, B., & Hosseinifar, J. (2020). The effectiveness of spiritual intelligence training on social adaptation, alexithymia and coherent self-knowledge in divorced students. School Psychology, 9(3), 234-258. [Persian].
Naami, A., & Pourmidani, S. (2017). Prediction of makeup tendency based on initial incompatible schemas in women and girls of Isfahan city. Social Psychology Research, 7(27), 67-78. [Persian].
Oettingen, J., Chodkiewicz, J., Mącik, D., & Gruszczynska, E. (2017). Polish adaptation of the Young Schema Questionnaire 3 Short Form (YSQ -S3 -PL). Psychiatria Polska, 82(1), 1-12.
Pinto, C., Veiga, F., Guedes, L., Pinto, S., & Nunes, R. (2023). Models of spiritual intelligence interventions: A scoping review. Nurse Education in Practice, 73(10), 82-91.
Rashadi, H., Golpayegani, F., Bayat, B., & Majdian, V. (2019). The effectiveness of group play therapy on resilience and self-control strategies of divorced children. Children's Mental Health Quarterly, 6(4), 63-73. [Persian].
Rostami, A., & Ebrahimi, M. (2023). Prediction of marital satisfaction based on early maladaptive schemas, social support and couple attachment styles in married women. Family and Health, 13(1), 94-107. [Persian].
Raghibi, M., Maalemi, S., & Salari Dargi, V. (2010). Validation of King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale in Isfahan University students, Psychological Achievements, 4(1), 141-164. [Persian].
Shieh, P., & Yen Tsai, T. (2022). The prediction of perceived parenting style on mother-infant bonding. Acta Psychologica, 226(6), 57-73.
Salsman, J. M., Brown, T. L, Brechting, E. H., & Carlson, C. R. (2020). The link between religion and spirituality and psychological adjustment: The mediating role of optimism and social support. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(4), 522-535.
Sorek, Y. (2020). Grandparental and overall social support as resilience factors in coping with parental conflict among children of divorce. Children and Youth Services Review, 118(11), 105-112.
Shafii, M., Abbasi, M., & Kadampour, E. (2022). Development of the perfectionism model of gifted students based on insecure attachment, parenting styles and irrational beliefs with the mediation of emotional disorder. Exceptional Children Quarterly, 22(1), 57-68. [Persian].
Vieira, C., Kuss, D., & Griffiths, M. (2023). Early maladaptive schemas and behavioural addictions: A systematic literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 105(11), 234-242.
VemVem, L., Siew Ng, I., Sambasivan, M., & Keng, T. (2023). Spiritual intelligence and teachers' intention to quit: the mechanism roles of sanctification of work and job satisfaction. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(1), 420-432.
Varzide, R., & Hamid, N. (2015). Examining the relationship between resilience and spiritual intelligence with the mental health of children of divorce. National Healthy Family Congress. [Persian].
Wahyuningsih, P., & Usman, O. (2020). The Effect of Enterpreneurship Education, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy of Entrepreneurs Interest in Students of Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta. University of Jakarta (July 8, 2020).
Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (1994). Young schema questionnaire. Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach, 2(1), 63-76.
Social Cognition
Volume 12, Issue 24 - Serial Number 24
November 2023
Pages 77-86
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics