In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Association of Social Psychology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student in General Psychology, Central Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

10.30473/sc.2025.73267.3041

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to model spiritual health based on life expectancy with the mediation of emotional regulation and distress tolerance and the moderating role of gender in students (male and female) of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch at the undergraduate, master's and doctoral levels. The research method is descriptive-correlational and applied. The sampling method is available and the sample size includes 500 students (250 women and 250 men). It includes the questionnaires of spiritual health by Ellison (1982), life expectancy by Schneider et al. (1991), distress tolerance by Simmons and Gaher (2005) and cognitive emotion regulation by Granofsky et al. (2001), whose reliability based on Cronbach's alpha is 0.9, 0.72, 0.89, and 0.81, respectively. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and in the inferential analysis of data, structural equation modeling and Smart pls4 software were used. The findings indicate that the t value for the direct and indirect effects of all research hypotheses is smaller than the value (t=1.96). Therefore, it can be concluded that the gender variable does not moderate the direct effect of life expectancy on spiritual health and the indirect effect of life expectancy on spiritual health through the mediation of emotional regulation and distress tolerance and the moderating role of gender with 95% confidence (strong or weak). Also, the research model has a good fit considering that the numerical value of SRMR and NFI in male and female students is less than 0.8.

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