Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 PhD in Psychology, Education department, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran
2 2. M.Sc. in clinical psychology, Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Iran
Abstract
Cognitive issues are among the key factors contributing to psychological, behavioral problems, and numerous social anomalies. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure cognitive egocentrism in Iranian adults. The research, based on a survey methodology and aimed at practical applications, included a sample of 558 Iranian adults from the city of Ardakan who participated voluntarily. The research tools comprised the Cognitive Bias Questionnaire (Wudy et al., 1997) and the Empathy Questionnaire (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006). Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson correlation, utilizing version 26 of SPSS and version 24 of AMOS. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the questionnaire consists of five dimensions: belief alignment, resistance to opposing views, cognitive superiority, seeking validation, and social conformity, explaining 58.714% of the variance. Convergent validity was confirmed with a positive correlation with cognitive bias (r = 0.400), and divergent validity was established with a negative correlation with empathy (r = -0.539). The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.936. Results indicated that cognitive egocentrism is higher in individuals with lower educational levels, and no significant gender differences were observed. Overall, this tool can be utilized in research and clinical interventions to assess and reduce cognitive egocentrism.
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