In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Association of Social Psychology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A. in General Psychology, Kharazmi University

2 Associate Professor in Department of General Psychology, Kharazmi University

3 Assistant Professor in Department of General Psychology, Kharazmi University

Abstract

Aim: The present study aimed to show the mediating role of Positive and Negative Affect in the relationship between Sensory processing sensitivity and Alexitimiya. Method: A sample comprising of 277 students (121 males and 156 famales) was selected from among Kharazmi University students through multistage cluster sampling method. The statistical instruments consisted of Sensory processing sensitivity (Aron & Aron) questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS) Inventory, and Alexithimiya Inventory. Data were analyzed using multiple regression by stepwise method Pearson correlation coenfficient tests with Spss18 software. Resuls: The results showed that ease of excitation and Low sensory threshold can predict Alexithymia positively. Besides, aesthetic sensitivity can perdict Alexithymia negatively, and positive affect plays mediating role between the ease of excitation and aesthetic sensitivity. Also, alexithymia and negative affect mediate between the three dimensions of sensory processing sensitivity and alexithymia. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need to recognize the role of Sensory Processing Sensitivity and the Positive and Negative Affect in Alexithymia.

Keywords

ـ اسمیت، ا.؛ نولن ـ هوکسما، س.؛ فریدریسون، ب. و لوفتوس، ج (1385). زمینه روان­شناسی هیلگارد و اتکینسون، ترجمه و تلخیص: محمود بهزاد و همکاران. تهران: انتشارات گپ.
ـ رفیعی­نیا، پ (1385). «رابطه سبک‌های ابراز هیجان با سلامت عمومی در دانشجویان». مجله روان­شناسی (دوره جدید): ویژه­نامه انگیزش و هیجان، 105، 84-37.
ـ ظفر امیلی، ش (1390). تأثیر ارزیابی مجدد و فرونشانی تجارب هیجانی بر واکنش­های قلبی/ عروقی و نظم جویی شناختی هیجان بر اساس سیستم فعال‌ساز رفتاری (BAS) و سیستم بازداری رفتاری (BIS). پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد روان­شناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان­شناسی، دانشگاه تربیت‌معلم تهران.
- Ahadi, B. and Basharpor, S. (2010). “Relationship Between Sensory - processing sensitivity, personality dimensions and mental health”. Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 62, pp. 1812-5664.
- Ashby, F.G.; Valentin, V. and Turken, V. (2002). “The effects of positive affect and arousal on working memory and executive function, neurobiology and computational models”. In Moore, S and Oaksford, M. (Eds). Emotional cognition: From brain to behavior. Amsterdam, John Benjamins; PP: 245-287.
- Aron, N. and Aron, A. (1997). of sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 73, pp. 345-368.
- Bailey, P.E. and Henry, J.D. (2007). “Alexithymia, Somatization and negative affect in a community sample”. Psychiatry Research, Vol. 50(1), pp. 13-20.
- Bagby, R.M.; Parker, J.D.A. and Taylor, G.J. (1994). “The twenty-item Toronto alexithymia scale-I:item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Vol. 38, pp. 23-32.
- Besharat, M.A. (2007). “Reliability and factorial validity of farsi version of the Toronto alexithymia  Scale with a sample of Iranian students”. Psychological Reports,Vol. 101, pp. 209-22.
- Connelly, M. and Denney, D.R. (2007). “Regulation of emotions during experimental stress in alexithymia”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 62(6), 649-656.
- Degucht, V. (2002). “neuroticism, alexithymia, negative affect and positive affect a predictors of medically unexplained symptoms in primary care”. Acta Neuropsy Chiatrica, Vol. 14(4), pp. 181-5.
- DeGucht, V.; Fischler, B. and Heiser, W. (2004). “Neuroticism, Alexithymia, Negative Affect, and Positive Affect as Determinants of Medically Unexplained Symptoms”. Perso and Indi
 - Gomez, R.; Cooper, A. and Gomez, A. (2000). “Susceptibility to positive and negative mood states: test of Eysenck's, Gray's and Newman's theories”. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 351-36.
- Hershfield, H.; Gharemani, D.; Aron, A.; Aron, E.N.; Lichty, W. and et al. (2007). “Using voxel based morphometry to compare brain anatomy of adult humans across levels of the normal temperament trait of sensory processing sensitivity”. Proceedings of the 1 st spsp conferen, New York, pp. 12-14.
- John, O.P. and Gross. J.J. (2004). “Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality proceses, individual differences, and lifespan development”. Journal of Personality, 72, 1301- 1334.
- Jagiellowicz, J.; Xiaomeng X.u.; Aron, A.; Aron, E.;  Cao,G.; Tingyong Feng, T. and Weng, X. (2011). “The trait of sensory processing sensitivity andneural responses to changes in visscenes”. SCAN, Vol. 6, pp. 38-47.
-Kamila, S.; White, a.; Cassandra, J.; McDonnell, A. and Ernest, V. (2011), “Alexithymia and anxiety sensitivity in patients with non-cardiac chest painq”. J. Behav. Ther. & Exp. Psychiat, Vol. 42, pp. 432-439
-Kano, M.; Hamaguchi, T.; Itoh, M.; “Yanai, K. and Fukudo, S.H. (2007). Correlation between alexithymia and hypersensitivity to visceral stimulation in human”. Pain, Vol. 132, pp. 252-263.
- Liss, M.M. and Erchull, M.J. (2008). “The relationships between sensory processing sensitivity, alexithymia, autism, depression and anxiety”. Pers. Indiv. Differ., Vol. 45, pp. 255-259.
 - Liss, M.; Timmel, L.; Baxley, K. and Killingsworth, P. (2005). “Sensory- processing sensitivity and its relation to parental bonding, anexiety, and depression”. Personality and Individual Difference, 39, 1429-1439.
- Martinz-Sanchez, F.; Ato. G. and Mortiz-Soria, B. (2003). “Alexithymia-state or trait?”. Span j psycol; 6(1): 51-9.
- Nyklicek, I. and Vingerhoets, J.J.M. (2000). “Alexithymia is associated with low tolerance to experimental painful stimulation”. Pain,Vol. 85, pp. 471-475.
- Nicolo, G.; Semerari, A.; lysaker P.H.; Dimaggio, G.; Contil, D.; Angerio, S.; Procacci, M.; Popolo, R. and Carcione, A. (2011). “Alexithymia in personality disorders: correlations with symptoms and interpersonal functioning”. Psychiatry Res; (12): 37-42.
- Pochon, J.B.; Levy, R.; Fossati, P.; Lehericy, S.; Poline, J.B.; Pillon, B. et al. (2002). “The neural system that bridges reward and cognition in humans: an fMRI study”. Proc Natl AcadSci USA; 99(8): 5669-74.
- Schwarz, N. (2001). Feelings as information: Implications for affective influences on information processing. In L. L. Martin & G. L. Clore (Eds. ), Theories of mood and cognition: A user’s guidebook (pp. 159-176). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Smits, D.J. and Boeck, P.D. (2006). “From BIS/BAS to the big five”. European Journal of Personality, 20, 255-270.
- Smolewska, K.A.; Mecaba, S.B. and Woody, E.Z. (2006). “A psychometric evaluation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale: The components of sensory-processing sensitivity and their relation to the BIS/BAS and "Big Five"”. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1269-1279.
- Spindler, H.; Denollet, J.; Kruse, C. and Pedersen, S.S. (2009). “Positive affect and negative affect correlate differently with distress and health-related quality of life in patients with cardiac conditions: validation of the Danish Global Mood Scale”. J Psychosom Res; 67(1):5765.
- Taylor, G.J. (2000). “Recent developments in alexithymia theory and research”. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 134-142.
- Taylor, G.J. and Bagby, M. (2000). An overview of the alexithymia construct. In R. Bar-On & J. D. A, Parker (Eds.). The handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 263-276). San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
- Troisis, A.; D`Argenio, A.; “Pecacchio, F. and Petti, P. (2001). Insecure attachment and alexithymia in young men with mood symptoms”. J Nerv Ment Dis. 189: 311-16.
- Vanheule, S.; Desmet, M.; Meganck, R. and Bogaerts, S. (2006). Alexithymia and interpersonal problems. Journal of clinical Psychology,Vol. 63(1), pp.109-117.
- Watson, D.; Clarke, L.A. and Tcllegen, A. (1988). “Development and validation of briefmeasures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS Scales”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070