In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Association of Social Psychology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant of professor in Psychology, Payame Noor University

2 M.A. in Psychology, Payame Noor University

3 M.A. in Psychology, Branch Olom Tahghigat, Islamic Azad University

4 M.A. in Clinical Psychology - Assistant of Elmi Karbordi University

Abstract

Introduction: People’s perception about the world they live in is one of the abilities that can influence their decisions or actions in different situations. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the factors that could affect people’s perception. Method: To do so, 64 students of Payame Noor University were selected using random sampling method. After answering the Personality and Critical Thinking Questionnaires, the subjects watched a film which included a fixed dialogue performed in 4 different situations for 5 minutes. Then, based on the film, they responded to a questionnaire. Results: The findings showed that there is no significant relationship between personality traits and critical thinking. However, there were significant relationships between some personality traits and situation elements. In addition, three cognitive abilities including inductive thinking, evaluation and deduction were associated with the location shown in the film. Finally, the results indicated the significant correlation between thinking with location and people’s perception. Conclusion: This research showed that thinking is essential for perception. In addition, through transferring its elements as information units as well as interfering in the type of employed cognitive ability, situational context affects people's type of conception

Keywords

ـ آزمون یار پویا (1389) آزمون مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی کالیفرنیا. تهران.
ـ استرنبرگ، ر (1387). روان­شناسی شناختی. ترجمه کمال خرازی و الهه حجازی. تهران: سمت.
ـ بلور، م. و بلور، ت (1389). مقدمه‌ای بر روند تحلیلی گفتمان انتقادی. ترجمه علی رحیمی و امیرحسین شاه بالا. تهران: جنگل.
ـ پروین، ج (1386). شخصیت نظریه و پژوهش. ویرایش هفتم. ترجمه محمدجعفر جوادی و پروین کدیور. تهران: آییژ.
ـ رستمیان، م. و طباطبائی، س.ک (1390). «بررسی تطبیقی بافت موقعیت (برون زبانی) از دیدگاه فرث، هایمز و لوئیس با سیاق حالیه». دو فصلنامه تخصصی پژوهش‌های میان‌رشته‌ای قرآن کریم، سال دوم، شماره 4، 36 ـ 29.
ـ ساغروانیان، ج (1369). فرهنگ اصطلاحات زبانشناسی. چاپ اول. مشهد: نشر نما.
ـ ساسانی، ف (1389). «تأثیر بافت برون متنی بر معنای متن». دو فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی زبان پژوهی دانشگاه الزهرا. سال دوم، شماره 3، 124 ـ 109.
ـ شعبانی، ح (1382). روش تدریس پیشرفته (آموزش مهارت‌ها و راهبردهای تفکر). تهران: سمت.
ـ گروسی فرشی، م.ت (1380). رویکردهای نوین در ارزیابی شخصیت. تبریز: نشر جامعه پژوه.
- Bakker, A.B.; Van Dev Zee, K.L.; Lewig, K.A. and Dollard, M.F. (2002). “The realationship between the big five personality factor and burnout: A study among volunteer connselar”. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(5). 
- Banning, M. (2006). “Measures that can be used to instill critical thinking in nurse prescribers”. Higher Education Resarch and Development, 25: 179-193.
- Bensley, D.A. (1998). A brief guide for teaching and assessing critical thinking in psychology. Retrieved from: WWW. psychological science.org.
 - Clifford, J.S.; Boufal, M.M.; Kurtz, J.E. (2004). “Personality traits and critical thinking skills in college students: empirical tests of a two-factor theory (Abstract)”. Assessment, 11(2): 169-76.
- Cooper, S. and Patton, R. (2010). Writing logically, thinking critically, 1 the dition, New York: Longman.
- Dam, G.T. and Volman, M. (2004). “Critical thinking as a critizenship competence: teaching strategies”. Learning and instruction, 14, 59-79.
- Eniss, R.H. (1991). “Critical thinking assessment”. Journal of theory in to practice, London: Oxford.
- Evans, V. (2007). A glossary of cognitive linguistics. Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
- Facione, P.A.; Sonchez, C.A.; Facione, N.C. and Gainen, J. (1995). “The disposition toward critical thinking”. The Journal of General Education, 44 (1), 1-25.
- Foong, L.M; Shariffudin, S.R.; Mislan, N. (2012). “Pattern and relationship between multiple intelligences, personality traits and critical thinking skills among high achievers in Malaysia”. 3rd International Conference on e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning. IACSIT Press, Singapore.
- Ghafari,M.; Shahraki, K.; Rajaby, M.; Safanor, M.; Taslimi Baboli, A. (2012). “Impact of personality traits oncritical thinking skills”. Journal of Basic and Applied Studying Scientific Research, 2(7): 6973-6978.
- Gradinaru, L.A. (2013). “Communication, knowledge and discourse. Remarks on Teun Von Dijk’s socio cognitive interpretation of context”. Journal of the Seminar of Discursive Logic Argumentation Theory and Rhetoric, 119-125.
- Halpern, D.F. (1998). “Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains: Disposition, skill, structure training, and metacognitive monitoring”. American psychologist, 35(4), 49-55.
- Kelly, Y.L. and Ku Irene, T.H. (2010). “Dispositional factors predicting Chinese student’s critical thinking performance”. Personality and individual differences, 48(1), 54-68.
- Kintsch, W. (1988). “The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: A constraction-interration model”. Psychological Rewiew, 95, 163-182.
- Koller, V. (2012). “How to analayes collective identity in discourse-textual and contextual parameters”. Journal of Critical approaches to discourse analysis across disciplines. Vol. 5(2): 19-38.
- Lampman, N. (1995). Good thinking inquiry: Critical thinking across disciplines London: Oxford.
- McCrae, R.R. and Csata, P.T. (1997). “Personality traits structure as human universal”. Americam Psychologist, 52, 509-516.
- Nosratinia, M. and Sarabchian, E. (2013). “The role of personality traits in predicting EFLlearner’s critical thinking skills: Astudr on psychological characteristics of EFL learners”. Journal of Humanities and Social Science. Vol, 73(6), 89-93.
- Papastephonlou, M. (2004). “Educational critique, critical thinking and the critical philosophical traditions”. Journal of philosophy of education, No (38), pp370-377.
- Robertson, E.M. (2001). “The relationship between critical thinking, personality type, and performance on the objective structured clinical examination of senior medical students at meharry medical college”. ETD Collection for Tennessee State University. Paper AAI3007569.
- Yanchar, S.; Jackson, A.; Hansen, K. and Hansen, J. (2012). “Critical thinking in applied psychology: toward an edifying view of critical thinking in applied psychology”. Issues in pelighion and psychotherapy, Vol. 34. Pp. 69-80.
 - Zwaan, R.A. and Radvarsky, G.A. (1998). “Situation models in language comprehension and memory”. Psycholigical bulleting, 123, 192-185.