In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Association of Social Psychology

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor of Psychology, Payame Noor University

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to study the comparison of temperament and character dimensions and cognitive emotion regulation in anxious and normal students. Method:The study was a causal-comparative study and 87 anxious individuals and 87 normal individuals were selected from the students of Payame Noor University of rasht city as the sample of the study. The groups( anxious individuals and normal individuals) matched in demographic features(age and sex) and completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Temperament and Character Inventory. Results: Results revealed that there were significant differences between anxious and normal students in all factors of cognitive emotion regulation(self blame, other blame, acceptance,rumination, positive refocusing,refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, putting in to perspective, catastrophizing) and temperament and character dimensions (Harm avoidance, self-directiveness, co-operativeness and self-transendence). Conclusion: The results show that cognitive emotion regulation and temperament and character dimensions determine the anxiety intensity in anxious people.

Keywords

- حسنی، ج (1390). «بررسی اعتبار و روایی فرم کوتاه پرسش‌نامه نظم جویی شناختی هیجان». تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، 9(4): 229-240.
- دادفر، م.؛ بهرامی، ف.؛ دادفر، ف و یونسی، ج (1389). «بررسی پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه سرشت و منش». توان‌بخشی، 43: 15-24.
- رفیعی، م و سیفی، ا (1392). «بررسی پایایی و اعتبار مقیاس اضطراب بک در دانشجویان». اندیشه و رفتار، 7 (27): 37-46.
- کاویانی، ح (1382). نظریه زیستی شخصیت. تهران: انتشارات سنا.
- کاویانی، ح و پورناصح، م (1384). «اعتبار یابی و هنجار سنجی پرسشنامه سرشت و منش کلونینجر در جمعیت ایرانی». مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، 63(2): 89-98.
- کاویانی، ح و موسوی، ا. ‌س (1387). «ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه اضطراب بک در طبقات سنی و جنسی جمعیت ایرانی». مجله دانشکده پزشکی، ۶۶ (۲): ۱۳۶- ۱۴۰.
- Aldao, A. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010). “Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: A transdiagnostic examination”. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(1): 974 – 983.
- Bamber, M. D. & Schneider, J. K. (2016). “Mindfulness-based mediation to decrease stress and anxiety in college students: A narative synthesis of the research”. Educational Research and Reviews, 18: 1-32.
- Campbell-sills, L.; Cohan, S. & Stein, M. B. (2006). “Relationship of resilience to personality, coping and psychiatric symptoms in young adults”. Behavior Research Therapy, 33(1), 1091-1100.
- Cloninger, C. R. & Zohar, A. H. (2011). “Personality and the perception of health and happiness”. Journal of affective disorders, 128(1), 24–32.
- De Winter, R. F.; Wolterbeek, R.; Spinhoven, P.; Zitman, F. G. & Goekoop, J. G. (2007). “Character and temperament in major depressive disorder and a highly anxious-retarded subtype derived from melancholia”. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(5), 426–435.
- Dubey, A.; Pandey, R. & Mishra, K. (2010). “Role of emotion regulation difficulties and positive/negative affectivity in explaining alexithymiahealth relationship: An Overview”. Indian Journal of Social Science Research, 7, 20-31.
- Eisenberg, N.; Fabes, R. A.; Guthrie, I. K. & Reiser, M. (2000). “Dispositional emotionality and regulation: Their role in predicting quality of social functioning”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 136-157.
- Garnefski, N. & Kraaij, V. (2006). “Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples”. Personality and Individividual Differences, 40(8): 1659-1669.
- Garnefski, N.; Kraaij, V. & Spinhoven, P. (2001). “Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems”. Personality and Individividual Differences; 30(8), 1311-1327.
- Garnefski, N.; Van Den Kommer, T.; Kraaij, V.; Legerstee, J. & Onstein, E. (2002). “The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems: comparison between a clinical and non-clinical sample”. European Journal of Personality, 16, 403-420.
- Gross, J.J. (2002). Wise emotion regulation. In: L. Feldma-Barrett & P. Salovey (Eds.), thewisdom in feeling. New York: The Guilford Press. 3(1), 297-318.
- Hofmann, S. (2005). “Perception of control over anxiety mediates the relation between catastrophic thinking and social anxiety in social phobia”. Behavior Research and Therapy. 43, 885–895.
- Kim, J. W.; Lee, H. K. & Lee, K. (2013). “Influence of temperament and character on resilience”. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(7), 1105–1110.
- Lumley, M.; Stettner, L. & Wehmer, F. (1996). “How are alexithymia and physical illness linked”? A review and critique of pathways. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41, 505-518.
- Ochsner, K. N. & Gross, J. J. (2005). “The cognitive control of emotion”. TRENDS in cognitive sciences. 9 (5): 242–249.
- Porcelli, P.; Tulpani, C.; Maiello, E.; Cilenti, G. & Todarcllo, O. (2007). “Coping and illness behavior correlates of pain experience in cancer patients”. Psychology, 16, 644-650.
- Rettew, D. C.; Doyle, A.C.; Kwan, M.; Stanger, C. & Hudziak, J. J. (2006). “Exploring the boundary between temperament and generalized anxiety disorder: A receiver operating characteristic analysis”. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(7), 931–945.
- Svrakic, D. M. & Cloninger, C. R. (2012). “Pharmacotherapy and the Psychobiological Model of Personality: Implications for DSM-5”. Current Psychopharmacology, 1, 122-136.
- Tiwari, R.; Ram, D. & Srivastava, M. (2014). “Temperament and Character Profile in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Pre and Post Intervention Analysis”. International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology, 1(2), 1-9.
- Tugade, M. M. & Frederickson, B.L. (2002). Positive emotions and emotional intelligence. In: L. Feldman-Barrett & P. Salovey (Eds.), the wisdom in feeling. New York: The Guilford Press. P: 319-340.
- Vanheule, S.; Desmet, M.; Meganck, R. & Bogaerts, S. (2006). “Alexithymia and interpersonal problems”. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 109-117.