In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Association of Social Psychology

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor of Psychology, Payam Noor University

Abstract

Introduction: The present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Luthans intervention program on Academic and Organizational Procrastination. Method: the research was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of PNU students of Natanz in the academic year 1395 who were studying and working full time. Out of the 300 students, 50 were randomly selected and put into two groups of 25, one for academic and another one for organizational procrastination. The instruments were two questionnaires of Academic Procrastination (Solomon & Rothblum) and Organizational Procrastination (Safary Nia & Amirkhani Razilighy). After the implementation of the questionnaires, Luthans Intervention Program was applied to the experimental group. Then, Post-test and follow-up were implemented for both groups in two phases. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that compared with the control group, both of the dependent variables in the experimental group were reduced significantly. The results of the Post-test and follow-up reflected the effectiveness and stability of the intervention. Conclusion: It can be stated that psychological Capital Intervention Model has been effective on decreasing Academic and organizational procrastination. Therefore, it can be an appropriate strategy to reduce Academic and organizational procrastination.

Keywords

- آخوندی، ن (1392). مقایسه اثربخشی­ روش لوتانز با روش الیس بر سرمایۀ روان‌شناختی، مؤلفه‌های سلامت روان و شاخص­های شغلی در کارشناسان شاغل در شرکت ایران‌خودرو دیزل. پایان‌نامه دکتری. دانشگاه پیام نور. - زارع، ح.؛ محبوبی، ط. و سلیمی، ح (1394). «تأثیر آموزش شناختی ارتقاء امید بر کاهش اهمال‌کاری و خود ناتوان‌سازی تحصیلی دانشجویان دانشگاه پیام نور بوکان». نشریه علمی پژوهشی آموزش و ارزشیابی. 8(32)، 93-110.
- شیخ‌الاسلامی، ع (1395). «پیش‌بینی اهمال‌کاری تحصیلی بر اساس راهبردهای شناختی، راهبردهای فراشناختی و اضطراب امتحان در دانشجویان». دو فصلنامه راهبردهای شناختی در یادگیری. (6)، 81-101.
- صفاری نیا، م. و امیرخانی رازلیقی، ز (1392). «تحلیل مسیر ارتباط اهمال‌کاری سازمانی با برانگیختگی شناختی و فرسودگی شغلی کارکنان اداره­های دولتی استان تهران». پژوهش­های مدیریت منابع سازمانی.2(4)،111-131.
- مطیعی، ح.؛ حیدری، م. و صادقی، م.ا (1391). «پیش‌بینی اهمال‌کاری تحصیلی بر اساس مؤلفه­های خودتنظیمی در دانش آموزان پایۀ اول دبیرستان­های شهر تهران». فصلنامه روانشناسی تربیتی. 8(24). 49-70.
- Abbas, M. & Raja, U. (2015). “Impact of psychological capital on innovative performance and job stress”. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration. 32(2), 128-138.
- Alqasmi, T.; Manzoor, S. R. & Hassan, S. (2015). “Psychological Capital Intervention towards Controlling Counterproductive Work Behavior”. Abasyn University
Journal of Social Sciences. 8(1), 62-73.
- Avey, J.B.; Patera, J.L. & West, B.J. (2006). “The implications of positive psychological capital on employee absenteeism”. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies. 13(2), 42-60.
- Avey, J.B.; Reichard, R.J.; Luthans, F. & Mhatre, K.H. (2011). “Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance”. Human Resource Development Quarterl. 22 (2), 127-152.
- Campbell, J. T. (2016). “History Teaches Us to Hope: Integrating Hope Theory into Secondary Social Studies”. Studies in Teaching 2016 Research Digest, 13.
- Cerovic, Z. & Kvasic, S. G. (2016). Managing employee’s psychological capital. In An Enterprise Odyssey. International Conference Proceedings (p.49). University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics and Business.
- Combs, G.; Luthans, F. & Griffth, J. (2009). Learning motivation and transfer of Human capital development: Implications from psychological capital. London New York: Published in The Peak Performing Organization, Rutledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Dello Russo, S. & Stoykova, P. (2015). “Psychological capital intervention (PCI): A replication and extension”. Human Resource Development Quarterly. 26(3), 329-347. - Etebarian, A.; Tavakoli, S. & Abzari, M. (2012). “The relationship between psychological capital and organizational commitment”. African Journal of Business Management.6(14), 5057-5060.
- Friend, S. B.; Johnson, J. S.; Luthans, F. & Sohi, R. S. (2016). “Positive psychology in sales: Integrating psychological capital”. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. 24(3), 306-327.
- Hodges, T. D. (2010). “An Experimental Study of the Impact of Psychological Capital on Performance, Engagement, and the Contagion Effect”. For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of Nebraska – Lincoln.
- Jing, T.; Dancheng, L. & Ye, Z. (2016). “Study of Impact on Undergraduates’ Entrepreneurial Failure based on the Model of Psychological Resilience-Knowledge Acquisition”. English Language Teaching. 9(8), 224.
- Johnson, k. & Nishimura, B. (2013). “A study on Locus of Control, Hierarchical Position and Procrastination”. European Journal of Management Sciences. 10, 2668-3121.
- Joo, B. K.; Lim, D. H.; Lim, D. H.; Kim, S. & Kim, S. (2016). “Enhancing work engagement: The roles of psychological capital, authentic leadership, and work empowerment”. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 37(8), 1117-1134.
- Luthans, F.; Avey, J.B.; Avolio, B.J. & Peterson, S.J. (2010). “The development and resulting performance impact of positive psychological capital”. Human resource development quarterly. 21, 1.
- Luthans, F.; Carlyn, M. & Bruce, J. (2015). Psychological capital and beyond. Oxford University Press. -Luthans, B. C.; Luthans, K. W. & Avey, J. B. (2014). “Building the leaders of tomorrow: The development of academic psychological capital”. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. 21(2), 191-199.
 - Luthans, F.; Youssef. C.M. & Avolio, B.J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press: 189-91.
- Norman, S. M.; Avey, J. B.; Nimnicht, J. L. & Pigeon, N. G. (2010). “The interactive effects of psychological capital and organizational identity on employee organizational citizenship and deviance behaviors”. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. 17, 380-391.
- O, Brien, W.K. (2002). “Applying the Trans theoretical model to academic procrastination”. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation University of Houston, Houston, U.S.A.
- Ouweneel, E. Le Blanc, P. M. & Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). Do-it-yourself: An online positive psychology intervention to promote positive emotions, self-efficacy, and engagement at work. Career Development International, 18(2), 173-195.
- Ozer, B. U.; Demir, A. & Ferrari, J. R. (2009). “Exploring academic procrastination among Turkish students: possible gender differences in prevalence and reasons”. J Soc Psychol, 149(2), 241-57.
- Ozer, B.U. & Saçkes, M. (2011). “Effects of academic procrastination on college students’life satisfaction”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 12, 512–519.
- Peterson, S. J.; Luthans, F.; Avolio, B. J.; Walumbwa, F. O. & Zhang, Z. (2011). Psychological capital and employee performance: A latent growth modeling approach. Personnel Psychology, 64, 427-450.
- Schraw, G.; Wadkins, T. & Olafson, L. (2007). “Doing the things we do: A grounded theory of academic procrastination”. Journal of Educational Psychology. 99(1), 12-25.
- Sivek, N. (2016). The Underlying Dynamics of Student Engagement on Thesis Completion.
- Solomon, L. J. & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: frequency and
- Sridevia, G. & Srinivasanb, P. T. (2012). “Psychological Capital: A Review of Evolving Literature”. Colombo Business Journal International Journal of Theory & Practice. 3(1), 25-39.
- Stead, R.; Shanahan, M. J. & Neufeld, R. W. J. (2010). I’ll go to therapy, eventually”: Procrastination, stress and mental health.Personality and Individual Differences, 49,175-180.
-Williams, J.G.; Stark, S.K. & Foster, E. E. (2008). “Start today or the very last day? The relationships among self-compassion, motivation and procrastination”. American Journal of Psychological Research. 4(1), 37-44.
- Zhao, Z. Hou, J. (2009). “The Study on Psychological Capital Development of Entrepreneurial Team”. International Journal of Psychological Studies. 1(2), 35-40.