Social Cognition

In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Association of Social Psychology

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 PhD Student of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

Abstract

Objective: Self-disgust as a negative self-conscious emotion schema is associated with psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS). Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate students of the Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch in the academic year 98-99, among whom 324 students (201 females, 123 males) were selected randomly by multistage sampling, and they responded to the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale, the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation using SPSSand AMOS. Results: Results of the exploratory factor analysis showed 4 factors with eigenvalues higher than 1 which explained 50/35% of the total variance. Also, confirmatory factor analysis indicators also implied the optimal fitness of four-factor model of this scale. The total reliability of the scale was estimated to be respectively 0.91 and 0.87 using Cronbach’s alpha and split half. Convergent validity and divergent validity were also confirmed by calculating scale correlation through the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale respectively (p < 0.01). Also, this scale had a positive and significant correlation with neuroticism and a negative and significant correlation with openness to experience (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS) is characterized by relatively proper validity and reliability for application in Iranian samples and can be a suitable tool in the researches of thisfield.

Keywords

References
 - بشرپور، س (1394). صفات شخصیت: نظریه و آزمون. تهران: انتشارات ساوالان.
- گروسی فرشی، م. ت؛ مهریار، ا. ه؛ قاضی طباطبایی،  س.م  (1380).   «کاربرد   آزمون  جدید شخصیتی نئو (NEO) و بررسی تحلیل ویژگی­ها و ساختار عاملی آن در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه­های ایران». علوم انسانی الزهرا، 11 (39)، 198-173. 
- محمدی، ن (1384). «بررسی مقدماتی اعتبار و قابلیت اعتماد مقیاس حرمت خود روزنبرگ». روان­شناسی تحولی (روان­شناسان ایرانی)، 1(4)، 62-55.
- موسوی، ا. س؛ قربانی، ن (1385). «خودشناسی، خودانتقادی و سـلامت روان». مطالعات روان­شناختی، 2 (3 و 4)، 91-75.
- هومن، ح.ع (1389). اندازه­گیری­های روانی و تربیتی (فن تهیه تست و پرسش­نامه). چاپ شانزدهم. تهران: پارسا.
- Alexopoulos, D.S. & Kalaitzidis, I. (2004). “Psychometric properties of Eysenck personality questionnaire-revised (EPQ-R) short scale in Greece”. Personality and individual Differences, 37(6), 1205-1220.
- Azlan, H.A., Overton, P.G., Simpson, J. & Powell, P.A. (2017). “Effect of partners’ disgust responses on psychological wellbeing in cancer patients”. Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings, 24(3-4), 355-364.
- Badour, C.L., Ojserkis, R., McKay, D. & Feldner, M.T. (2014). “Disgust as a unique affective predictor of mental contamination following sexual trauma”. Journal of anxiety disorders, 28(7), 704-711.
- Bell, K., Coulthard, H. & Wildbur, D. (2017). “Self‐Disgust within Eating Disordered Groups: Associations with Anxiety, Disgust Sensitivity and Sensory Processing”. European Eating Disorders Review, 25(5), 373-380. - Benson, O., Boden, Z. & Vitali, D. (2014). Varieties of self-disgust in self-harm and suicide. Karnac Books.
- Brake, C.A., Rojas, S.M., Badour, C.L., Dutton, C.E. & Feldner, M.T. (2017). “Self-disgust as a potential mechanism underlying the association between PTSD and suicide risk”. Journal of anxiety disorders, 47, 1-9.
- Carreiras, D. (2014). The Toxicity of the Self: Development and Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS). Master Thesis. University of Coimbra. Available at: https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/ handle/10316/27653
- Carreiras, D., Castilho, P. & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2015). “The toxicity of the self: Development and exploratory factor analysis of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS)”. Unpublished. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.24026.13765
- Costa, P.T. & McCrae, R.R. (1992). “Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory”. Psychological assessment, 4(1), 5.
- De Jong, P.J., van Overveld, M. & Borg, C. (2013). “Giving in to arousal or staying stuck in disgust? Disgust-based mechanisms in sex and sexual dysfunction”. Journal of Sex Research, 50(3-4), 247-262.
- Druschel, B.A. & Sherman, M.F. (1999). “Disgust sensitivity as a function of the Big Five and gender”. Personality and Individual Differences, 26(4), 739-748.
- Dunkley, D.M., Zuroff, D.C. & Blankstein, K.R. (2006). “Specific perfectionism components versus self-criticism in predicting maladjustment”. Personality and individual differences, 40(4), 665-676.
- Fox, J.R., Federici, A. & Power, M.J. (2012). “Emotions and eating disorders: Treatment implications”. Eating and its disorders, 315-337.
- Gilbert, P. (2015). Self-disgust, self-hatred, and compassion-focused therapy. The revolting self: Perspectives on the psychological, social, and clinical implications of self-directed disgust, 223-242.
- Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Irons, C., Bhundia, R., Christie, R., Broomhead, C. & Rockliff, H. (2010). “Self‐harm in a mixed clinical population: The roles of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank”. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(4), 563-576.
- Greenberger, E., Chen, C., Dmitrieva, J. & Farruggia, S.P. (2003). “Item-wording and the dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Do they matter”? Personality and individual differences, 35(6), 1241-1254.
- Guiomar, R. (2015). The relationship between self-disgust and borderline symptomatology: study of the mediating effect of fears of compassion and experiential avoidance. Master Thesis. University of Coimbra.
- Ille, R., Schöggl, H., Kapfhammer, H. P., Arendasy, M., Sommer, M. & Schienle, A. (2014). “Self-disgust in mental disorders—symptom-related or disorder-specific”? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(4), 938-943.
- McKay, D., Gosselin, J.T. & Gupta, S. (2007). “Body dysmorphic disorder”. In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (pp. 177-195). Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Miller, S. (2013). Disgust: The gatekeeper emotion. Routledge.
- Oaten, M., Stevenson, R.J. & Case, T. I. (2009). “Disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism”. Psychological bulletin, 135(2), 303-321.
- Olatunji, B.O. & Cisler, J.M. (2009). Disgust sensitivity: Psychometric overview and operational definition. American Psychological Association.
- Olatunji, B.O., David, B. & Ciesielski, B. G. (2012). “Who am I to judge? Self-disgust predicts less punishment of severe transgressions”. Emotion, 12(1), 169.
- Olatunji, B.O., Cox, R. & Kim, E.H. (2015). “Self-disgust mediates the associations between shame and symptoms of bulimia and obsessive-compulsive disorder”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34(3), 239-258. - Overton, P.G., Markland, F.E., Taggart, H.S., Bagshaw, G.L. & Simpson, J. (2008). “Self-disgust mediates the relationship between dysfunctional cognitions and depressive symptomatology”. Emotion, 8(3), 379-385.
- Overton, P.G., Powell, P.A. & Simpson, J. (Eds.). (2018). The revolting self: Perspectives on the psychological, social, and clinical implications of self-directed disgust. Routledge.
- Powell, P.A., Overton, P.G. & Simpson, J. (2014). “The revolting self: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of self‐disgust in females with depressive symptoms”. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(6), 562-578.
- Powell, P.A., Simpson, J. & Overton, P.G. (2013). “When disgust leads to dysphoria: A three-wave longitudinal study assessing the temporal relationship between self-disgust and depressive symptoms”. Cognition & Emotion, 27(5), 900-913.
- Powell, P.A., Simpson, J. & Overton, P.G. (2015). An introduction to the revolting self: Self-disgust as an emotion schema. The revolting self: Perspectives on the psychological, social, and clinical implications of self-directed disgust, 1-24.
- Power, M. & Dalgleish, T. (2008). Cognition and Emotion from Order to Disorder, 2nd Edition. Psychology Press, New York. - Quigley, J.F., Sherman, M.F. & Sherman, N.C. (1997). “Personality disorder symptoms, gender, and age as predictors of adolescent disgust sensitivity”. Personality and Individual Differences, 22(5), 661-667.
- Reynolds, L.M., Consedine, N.S. & McCambridge, S.A. (2014). “Mindfulness and disgust in colorectal cancer scenarios: Non-judging and non-reacting components predict avoidance when it makes sense”. Mindfulness, 5(4), 442-452.
- Rosenberg, M. (1965). “Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE)”. Acceptance and commitment therapy. Measures package, 61(52), 18.
- Simpson, J., Hillman, R., Crawford, T. & Overton, P.G. (2010). “Self-esteem and self-disgust both mediate the relationship between dysfunctional cognitions and depressive symptoms”. Motivation and Emotion, 34(4), 399-406.
- Smith, N.B., Steele, A.M., Weitzman, M.L., Trueba, A.F. & Meuret, A.E. (2015). “Investigating the role of self-disgust in nonsuicidal self-injury”. Archives of Suicide Research, 19(1), 60-74.
- Thompson, R. & Zuroff, D.C. (2004). “The Levels of Self-Criticism Scale: comparative self-criticism and internalized self-criticism”. Personality and individual differences, 36(2), 419-430.
- Whelton, W.J. & Greenberg, L.S. (2005). “Emotion in self-criticism”. Personality and individual differences, 38(7), 1583-1595.
- Ypsilanti, A., Robson, A., Lazuras, L., Powell, P.A. & Overton, P.G. (2020). “Self-disgust, loneliness and mental health outcomes in older adults: An eye-tracking study”. Journal of affective disorders, 266, 646-654.
- Zuroff, D.C., Mongrain, M. & Santor, D.A. (2004). “Conceptualizing and measuring personality vulnerability to depression: comment on Coyne and Whiffen (1995)”. Psychological Bulletin, 130,489–511.
Social Cognition
Volume 9, Issue 18 - Serial Number 18
June 2020
Pages 59-78
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics