Wise Social Relationship; Redefining the Concept of Relationship in Iranian Culture Based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh

Hasanvand, Fazlollah; Sheivandi, Kamran; Dortaj, Fariborz; Delavar, Delavar; Sadipor, Esmail

doi:10.30473/sc.2023.67172.2861

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ 1. Ph.D. Student in Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

² 2. Assistant Prof of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

³ 3. Prof of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

⁴ 4. Prof of measurement and assessment, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

⁵ Prof of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30473/sc.2023.67172.2861

Abstract

Social relationship is a culture-dependent concept that a precise understanding of its definition and components requires a careful examination of this concept in the cultural context of each society. Therefore, the aim of this this study was redefining the importance of relationship in Iran under the title of wise social relationship based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. This research was basic in terms of purpose, and qualitative research based on the grounded theory method based on the data collection. According to the purpose of the research, verse was considered as the unit of analysis. The statistical population included the complete text of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the eight-volume revision of Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh. Statistical analysis based on the process of open coding, axial coding and combined coding was performed in MAXQUDA 2018. In order to validate the designed model, the point of view of experts and researchers was used with the purposeful sampling method. The reliability of the coding of the components was found to be 0.91 based on the Kappa index. The findings showed that wise social relationship in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh consists of 7 components of peaceful coexistence with others, constructive and effective speech in interpersonal relationship, development-center and balanced relationship, understanding the values and status of the family, verbal and practical Helping and help-seeking, courageous and assertiveness in expressing the right opinion and action, concern and social awareness. As a result, due to the wide dimensions and comprehensiveness of the definition of wise social relationship, it is suggested to researchers to focus on the dimensions of the concept of wise social relationship identified in this study in order to construct reliable tools and training packages for wise relationship skills.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Psychology

References

انوشه، ملیحه؛ ابوالحسنی، زهرا؛ مولودی، فوا و سیدابراهیمی‌نژاد، فاطمه. (1400). مفهوم‌سازی احترام میان والدین و فرزندان: بررسی زبان اجتماع در شاهنامه فردوسی. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی زبان‌شناسی اجتماعی، 5 (1)، 57-69.

خالقی‏ مطلق، جلال. (1387). تصحیح هشت جلدی کتاب شاهنامه فردوسی. انتشارات مرکز دائره المعارف بزرگ اسلامی. چاپ نخست. تهران، ایران.

رحیمی، سعداله و رحیمی، کبری. (1401). اخلاق و منش جوانان (دختر، پسر) پرورده شاهنامه فردوسی در بخش اساطیری و حماسی. هفتمین کنفرانس بین المللی مطالعات زبان و ادبیات. تهران، ایران.

سلیمی، حسین؛ قدم‏پور، عزت‏الله و رضایی، فاطمه. (1397). تدوین مدل ساختاری پیش بینی قربانی شدن قلدری از
طریق عوامل محیطی و مهارت‏های ارتباطی با واسطه‌‏گری آشفتگی روان‏شناختی. شناخت اجتماعی، 7 (2)، 71-94.

صفری، مریم؛ گذشتی، محمدعلی؛ کوشکی، شیرین و شیبانی، اشرف. (1400). مطالعه شاخصه‏های نظریه بهزیستی در غزلیّات شمس بر پایه روانشناسی مثبت‏نگر سلیگمن. پژوهش‏های ادب عرفانی. 15 (2)، 18-1.

طهماسبی, فرهاد. (1398). تقابل و تعامل با دیگری در شاهنامه فردوسی از منظر نشانه شناسی فرهنگی (از گیومرت تا فریدون). پژوهشنامه ادب حماسی (فرهنگ و ادب سابق)، 15(2)، 255-277.

قاسم‏زاده، سیدعلی؛ صفاری، محمدشفیع و علی‌نقی، حسین. (1397). تحلیل مفاهیم و کارکرد ارتباطات غیرکلامی در شاهنامه. زبان و ادبیات فارسی، ۲۶ (۸۴)، ۱۸۴-۱۵۷.

Anooshe, M., Abolhassani Chime, Z., Moloudi, F., & Seyed Ebrahiminezhad, F. (2022). Linguistc conceptualization of cultural values between parents and children, case study; Analysis of social language in Shahnameh, Cultural Linguistic Approach. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5(1): 57-69. [In Persian].

Bzdok, D., & Dunbar, R. I. (2020). The neurobiology of social distance. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(9): 717–733.

Carlson, L. E. (2016). Mindfulness‐based interventions for coping with cancer. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1373(1): 5-12.

Cash, E., & Toney-Butler, T. J. (2022). Social Relations. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

Dailey, S. F., Parker, M. M., & Campbell, A. (2023). Social connectedness, mindfulness, and coping as protective factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Counseling & Development, 101(1): 114-126.

De Belvis, A. G., Avolio, M., Sicuro, L., Rosano, A., Latini, E., Damiani, G., & Ricciardi, W. (2008). Social relationships and HRQL: A cross-sectional survey among older Italian adults. BMC public health Journl, 8 (1): 1-10.

Emir, B. C. (2016). Literature and Psychology in the Context of the Interaction of Social Sciences. Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 19 (4): 49-66.

EstradaCruz, M., VerdúJover, A. J., & GómezGras, J. M. (2019). The influence of culture on the relationship between the entrepreneur's social identity and decision-making: Effectual and causal logic. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 22(4): 226-244.

Fernandez, C., Amian, J. G., Alarcón, D., Arenilla Villalba, M. J., & Sánchez-Medina, J. A. (2023). The Effect of Social Relationships on the Well-Being and Happiness of Older Adults Living Alone or with Relatives. In Healthcare MDPI. 11 (2): 222-243.

Ghasem Zadeh, S., Safari, M., & AliNaghi, H. (2017). Analysis of the concepts and function of non-verbal communication in Shahnameh. Persian language and literature, 26 (84): 157-184. [In Persian].

Graham, A., & Barnfield, A. (2021). Types of Social Relationships and Their Effects on Psychological Well-being. Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal, 9(1). 1-15.

Guven, A. Z., & Arslan, G. (2022). Suffering and happiness in Turkish folk poetry in the context of positive psychology: The examples of Asik Mahzuni Serif and Neset Ertas. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.

Pourbagheri, A., Abaspour Esfenden, H., & Khaledian, M. A. (2018). Manifestations of Lifestyle and Human Rights in Ferdowsi Shahnameh. Islamic Life Journal, 2(3): 171-178. [In Persian].

Kitishat, A. R., & al-Freihat, H. (2015). The Role of the Social Relations in Successful Social Interactions and Language Acquisition. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(4): 194-198.

Lewis, T., Doyle, D. M., Barreto, M., & Jackson, D. (2021). Social relationship experiences of transgender people and their relational partners: A meta-synthesis. Social Science & Medicine, 282, 114143.

Long, E., Patterson, S., Maxwell, K., Blake, C., Perez, R. B., Lewis, R.,... & Mitchell, K. R. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health. Journal of Epidemiol Community Health, 76(2): 128-132.

McLaughlin, P. T., & McMinn, M. R. (2022). A time for wisdom: Knowledge, detachment, tranquility, transcendence. Templeton Press.

Piolatto, M., Bianchi, F., Rota, M., Marengoni, A., Akbaritabar, A., & Squazzoni, F. (2022). The effect of social relationships on cognitive decline in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. BMC Public Health, 22(1): 1-14.

Rahimi, S., & Rahimi, K. (2022). The morals and character of youth (girls, boys) in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh in the mythological and epic section. The 7th International Conference on Language and Literature Studies. Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].

Safari, M.و Gozashti, M. A., Kooshki, S., & Shibani, A. (2022). Studying the characteristics of the well-being theory in Shams's poetry based on Seligman's positive psychology. Researches of mystical literature, 15 (2): 1-18. [In Persian].

Salimi, H., Ghadampour, E., & Rezaei, F. (2017). Developing a structural model for predicting bullying victimization through environmental factors and communication skills with the mediation of psychological disturbance. Social Cognition, 7(2): 71-94. [In Persian].

Siavoshi, S., Nemati Ghazvini, M., & Mahdavi Pile Rood, Z. (2023). Psychological Critique of Ibn al-Fariz's Poems with Seligman's Positive Psychological Approach. Horizons of Islamic Civilization, 25 (2): 1-22.

Sternberg, R. J. (2019). Four ways to conceive of wisdom: Wisdom as a function of person, situation, person/situation interaction, or action. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 53, 479 - 485.

Sternberg, R. J., & Gluck, J. (2022). The psychology of wisdom: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.

Theiss, R. (2020). Motivating Adolescents: Practical Wisdom to Help Ignite Your Teen’s Inner Drive. Morgan James Publishing, first edition.

Uchino, B. N. (2009). What a lifespan approach might tell us about why distinct measures of social support have differential links to physical health. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(1): 53-62.

Zhang, K., Shi, J., Wang, F., & Ferrari, M. (2022). Wisdom: Meaning, structure, types, arguments, and future concerns. Current Psychology Journal, 2 (1): 1-22.

Wise Social Relationship; Redefining the Concept of Relationship in Iranian Culture Based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh

References

References

Volume 11, Issue 22 - Serial Number 22August 2022Pages 25-36

Volume 11, Issue 22 - Serial Number 22
August 2022
Pages 25-36