In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Association of Social Psychology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A. in Psychology of Tabriz University

2 Assistant Professor in Psychology of Tabriz University

Abstract

Introduction: This study was performed to determine the role of news source on Individuals’ Persuasion with Moderation of Attitude to News source, and Self-esteem. Method: The statistical population of this study included all sophomore and junior B.A students who were studying in Tabriz University from 2011-2012. Through multi-stage cluster random sampling, 4 faculties were selected, then two classes in each faculty were selected by the same way, i.e. totally 307 individuals participated in this study. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and an attitude questionnaire were accomplished in each class. After all the participants answered the questionnaire about attitude on news source, the researcher asked them to watch a video which had two different versions with different logos but the same content and was made by the researchers. Then participants were asked to do the second questionnaire on persuasion. Finding: Chi Square test results indicated that news sources did have difference with each other in persuasion rate. Also, Self-Esteem rate is effective in persuasion rate so that individuals with low self-esteem show higher persuasion rate. Conclusions: The results show that those who had positive attitude to the news source had higher persuasion rate while the opposite case had lower one. In addition, the research results represented that persuasion rate is different in both genders and females are persuaded more than males.

ـ ارونسون، ا. (1386). روان­شناسی اجتماعی. ترجمه حسین شکرکن. تهران، رشد.
 ـ تانکارد، ج. و سورین، و. (1381). نظریه‌های ارتباطات. ترجمه علیرضا دهقان. تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
- رجبی، غ. و بهلول، ن. (1386). سنجش پایایی و روایی مقیاس عزت نفس روزنبرگ در دانشجویان سال اول دانشگاه شهید چمران. پژوهش­های تربیتی و روانشناختی، شماره 2.  
ـ علی­زاده، ت.؛ فراهانی، م.ن.؛ شهرآرای، م. و علیزادگان، ش. (1384). رابطه بین عزت نفس و منبع کنترل با استرس ناباروری زنان و مردان نابارور. فصلنامه باروری و ناباروری، شماره 2، ص 194ـ 204.
ـ فرانزوی، ا.ال. (1385). روان­شناسی اجتماعی. ترجمه مهرداد فیروزبخت و منصور قنادان. تهران: موسسه فرهنگی رسا. 
 ـ کریمی، ی. (1387). روان­شناسی اجتماعی (نظریه­ها، مفاهیم و کاربردها). تهران: ارسباران.
- Barsalou, L.W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577 ـ 660.
- Baumeister, R.F. & Bushman, B.J. (2008). Social psychology & Human nature (brief version). New York: Wadsworth.   - Berel1, S.­M. (1998). Media and Disturbed Eating: An Analysis of Media Influence and Implications for Prevention. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 18, 415-430. and Irving, L. 
 - Bordens, K.S. & Horowitz, I.A. (2008). Social psychology (3 ed.). Freeload Press. 
- Brockner, J. (1988). Self-esteem at work: Research, theory, and practice. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
- Cacioppo, J.; Priester, J. & Berntson, G. (1993). Rudimentary determinants of attitudes: II. Arm flexion and extension have differential effects on attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 5ـ17.
- Crandal, R. (1973). The measurement of self-esteem and related constructs, Pp. 80-82 in J.P. Robinson & P.R. Shaver (Eds). Measures of social psychological attitudes. Revised edition. Ann Arbor: ISR. 
 - Ferro, M. (2001). Media and history: cultural concerns. In &. P. N. J. Smelser, International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier Science Ltd. 
 - Franz, M. M. & Ridout, T. N. (2007). Does Political Advertising Persuade?. Political Behavior, 29, 465ـ491. 
 - Gaber, I., Seymour, E. & Thomas, L. (2009). Is the BBC biased? The Corporation and the coverage of the 2006 Israeli–Hezbollah war. Journalism, 10, 239-259. 
 - Gergen, K. J., & Bauer, R. A. (1967). Interactive effects of self-esteem and task difficulty on social conformity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6(1) , 16-22. 
 - Hovland, C.I.; Janis, I.L., & Kelley, H.H. (1953). Communication and Persuasion. New Haven, CT: Yale Universit 
- Jaber, M. & Baumann, G. (2011). The BBC World Service in the Middle East: Claims to 
- Johnson, T. J. & Fahmy, S. (2008). The CNN of the Arab world or a shill for terrorists?: How Support for Press Freedom and Political Ideology Predict. The International Communication Gazette, 70, 338-360.
- Leighley, J. E. (2004). Mass media and politics: A social science perspective. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York.
- Maile, C. A. (1977). The apparent lack of self-esteem and persuasibility relationships. The Journal of Psychology, 96, 123-130.
- McGuire, W. J. (1968). Personality and susceptibility to social influence. In E. F. Borgatta & W. W. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Theory and Research (pp. 1130-1187). Chicago: Rand McNally.
- McGuire, W. J. (1969). The nature of attitudes and attitude change. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (2nd ed., pp. 136-314). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
- McGuire, W.J. (1999). Constructing social psychology: Creative and critical processes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
- Niedenthal, P. (2007). Embodying emotion. Science, 316, 1002ـ1005.
- Petty, R. E. & Briñol. P. (2008). Psychological Processes Underlying Persuasion A Social Psychological Approach. Diogenes, 217, 52-67.
- Rampal, K. R. & Adams, W. C. (1990). Credibility of the Asian News Broadcasts of the Voice of America and the British Broadcasting Corporation. International Communication Gazette October, 46, 93-111.
- Rhodes, N., & Wood, W. (1992). Self-esteem and intelligence affect influenceability: The mediating role of message reception. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 156-171.
- Roberts, A. & Good, E. (2010). Media images and female body dissatisfaction: The moderating effects of the Five-Factor traits. Eating Behaviors, 11, 211-216. 
- Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York: Basic Books.
- Sanaktekin, Ö. H. & Sunar, D. (2008). Persuasion and relational versus personal bases of self-esteem: Does the message need to be one- or two-sided?. Social Behavior and Personality, 36, 1315-1332.
- Sang-pil, H. & Sharon, S. (1994). Persuasion and Culture: Advertising Appeals in Individualistic and Collectivistic Societies. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 326-350.
- Sherman, D.K.; Gangi, C. & White, M. L. (2010). Embodied cognition and health persuasion: Facilitating intention–behavior consistency via motor manipulations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 461-464. 
- Shrauger, J.S. & Sorman, P.B. (1977). Self-evaluations, initial success and failure, and improvement as determinants of persistence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 484-495.
- Tormala, Z.L.; Clarkson, J.J. & Petty, R. E. (2006). Resisting Persuasion by the Skin of One's Teeth: The Hidden Success of Resisted Persuasive Messages. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 423-435.
- Tormala, Z.L. & Petty, R.E. (2007). Contextual contrast and perceived knowledge: Exploring the implications for persuasion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 17-30.
- Wylie, R. C. (1974). The self-concept. Revised edition. Lincoln.