Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 M.A. in Psychology, Islamic Azad University
2 Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Guilan
3 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad University
Abstract
Introduction: As one of the serious problems in students with ADHD disorder is insufficiency in social skills, the current study aimed at studying the Effectiveness of social skill training via cognitive-behavioral approach on Reducing Symptoms of ADHD disorder in students. Method: The method was experimental and the research design was pre-test, post-test with control group and two months follow-up. The statistic population included all female elementary students of 5th and 6th grades with ADHD disorder in Langrood city in 2012-13 educational year. The subjects, 30 students, were selected via random multilevel clustering as samples and were divided into two experimental and control groups. Walker Social Skills Curriculum was presented in 17 sessions during two months for members of the experimental group. Results: The results of repeated measures Ancova showed that there is a significant difference between the rate of symptoms of ADHD disorder during post-test and follow-up. Conclusion: Based on the results of current research and similar ones, it is expected that social skills training programs be considered as a complement aspect to schools curriculums.
Keywords
ـ حسینخانزاده، ع.ع. (1392). آموزش مهارتهای اجتماعی به کودکان و نوجوانان. تهران: انتشارات رشد فرهنگ.
ـ علیشاهی، م.ج.؛ دهبزرگی، غ.ر.؛ دهقان، ب. (1382). (میزان شیوع کمبودتوجه و بیشفعالی در کودکان دبستانی شیراز). مجله تحقیقات علوم پزشکی زاهدان (طبیب شرق)، سال پنجم، شماره1، 61ـ 68.
ـ مرادی، ع.؛ خباز خوب، م.؛ آگاه، ت.؛ جواهر فروشزاده، ع. و رضوان، ب. (1387). (شیوع بیشفعالی نقص توجه (ADHD) در کودکان دبستانی شهر نیشابور طی سال تحصیلی 86 ـ1385). مجله علمی دانشگاه علومپزشکی گرگان، سال دهم، شماره 2، 37ـ42.
ـ مینائی، ا. (1390). کتابچه راهنمای فرمهای سن مدرسه نظام سنجش مبتنی بر تجربه آخنباخ. تهران: پژوهشگاه مطالعات آموزش و پرورش.
- Achenbach, T.M., & Rescorla, L.A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlingron, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center of Children, Youth & Families.
- American Psychiatric Association . (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision), Washington, DC: Author.
- Anastopoulos, A.D. & Shaffer, S.D. (2001). Attention-deficit hvperactivity disorder. 1nC. E. Walker & M. C. Roberts (Eds ). Handbook of clinical child psychology, (3 rd ed., 470-494. New York: wiley.
- Anderson, G.M. & Martin, A. (2007). Neurochemistry pharmacodynamic and biological psychiatry. Spetie L, Arnold LE. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In: Martin A, Volkmar FR. (eds). Lewis's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook, 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2403, 430-449.
- Antshel, K.M. & Faraone, S.V. (2012). (Gordon M: Cognitive behavioral treatment outcomes in adolescent ADHD). Journal of Attention Disorders, 10, 334-345.
- Aydogan, Y,; Klinc F.E. & Tepeta, S. (2009). (Identifying parent views regarding social skills). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 1507-1512 .
- Barkley, R. A. (2005). (Comparison of the DSM-IV Combined and inattentive typed of ADHD in a school-based sample of Latino / Hispanic children). Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 46, 166-179.
- Bennett, F.C.; Brown, R.T.; Craver, J. & Anderson, D. (1999). (Stimulant medication for the child with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder). Pediatric Clinics of North America, 46, 929-943.
- Biederman, J. & Faraone, S.V. (2005). (Attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder). Lancet, 366, 237-480.
- Bussing, R.; Mason, D.M.; Bell, L. & et al. (2010). (Adolescent outcomes of childhood attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder in a diverse community sample). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 595-605.
- Daley, D. (2006). (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder :A review of the essential facts). child: care Health and Development, 32, 193-204.
- Dallnic, A.; Smith, S.W.; Brank, E.M. & Penfield, R.D. (2006). (Classroombased Cognitive-behavioral Intervention to Prevent Aggression: Efficiency and Social Validity). Journal of School Psychology, 44, 123-139.
- De Boo, G. & Prins, P. (2007). (Social incompetene in children with ADHD: Possible moderators and mediators in social- skill training). Clinical Psychology Review, 27: 78-97.
- Dineen, P. & Fitzgerald, M. (2010). (P01-192 Executive function in routine childhood ADHD assessment). Journal of Europen Psychiatry, 25, 402-411.
- Fabiano, G.A.; Pelham, W.E.; Coles, E.K.; Gnagy, E.M.; Chronis-Tuscano, A.C. & Oconner, B.C. (2009). (A meta-analysis of behavioral treatment for attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder). Clinical psychology Review, 29 , 129-140.
- Faraone, S.V. & Biederman, J. (2005). (What is the prevalence of adult ADHD? results of a population screen of 966 adults). Journal of Attention Disorders, 9: 384-391.
- Faraone, S.V.; Spencer, T.; Aleardi, M. & et al. (2004). (Metaanalysis of the efficacy of methylphenidate for treating adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 24, 24-29.
- Friedman, RJ. & Doyal, G.T. (1992). Management of Children and adolescents with ADHD, New York: Pro-Ed.
- Fuemmeler, B.F.; Kollins, S.H. & McClernon, F.J. (2007). (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms predict nicotine dependence and progression to regular smoking from adolescence to young adulthood). Journal of pediatric psychology, 32, 1203-1213.
- Greenhill, L.L. & Hechtman, L.I. (2009). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P.(eds). Comprehensive Text Book of Psychiatry. 9th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 35, 60-72.
- Greydanus, D.E., Pratt, H.D., Patel, D.R. (2007). (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan: the child, adolescent, and adult. Disease-a-Month , 53,70-131. [PMID=17386306]
- Groen Yvonne, A., Lambertus, J.M., Mulder, B, Albertus, A, Wijers, B, Ruud, B, Minderaa, A., & Monika Althaus, A. (2009). Methylphenidate improves diminished error and feedback sensitivity in ADHD: An Evoked Heart Rate analysis. Biological Psychology, 82, 45–53.
- Gupta, R., & Kar, B. R. (2009). Development of attentional processes in ADHD and normal children. Progress in Brain Research, 176, 259-276.
- Harrell, A.W., Mercer, S.H, DeRosier, M.E. (2008). Improving the social- behavioral adjustment of adolescents: the effectiveness of social skills group intervention. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 378-387.
- Hastings, P.R., Beck, D.D., & Hill, C. (2004). Symptom of ADHD and their correlates in children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Research in Developmental Disabilities, 26, 456-468.
- Hawton, K., Salkovskis, P.M., Kirk, J., Clark, D. (1989). Cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric problems: A practical guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1989.
- Hernandez, H. (2006). Social skills training: a comparison of a 12- week training program to a 24- week training program. European Neuropsychophrmacology, 152, 152-155.
- Ingersoll, S., & Goldstein, S. (1993). Attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities: Realities, myths and controversial treatments, New York: Doubleday.
- Kaplen, H.I., Sadock, B.G. (2003). Comprehensive text book of psychiatry. 2nd ed. U.S.A: Willians and Wilkins Pub.
- King, R., & Shelley, C. (2008). Community Feeling and Social Interest: Adlerian Parallels, Synergy, and Differences with the Field of Community Psychology). Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 18, 96-107.
- Kosters, M., Weinmann, S., becker, T. (2010). (P02-254-P02- 254-A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of methylphenidate in the treatment of adult ADHD). Journal of European psychiatry , 25, 889.
- Less, D.G., Ronan, K.R. (2007). (Parent management training for solo mothers of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. An effectiveness and multiple baseline evaluation). Massey University Journal of Attention Disorder, 51, 25-32.
- Matson, J.L. (1990). Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters. Worthington, OHIO: International Diagnostic System. Inc.
- Mynors-Wallis, L.M., Cath, A.H., Day, A., Barker, E. (2000). (Randomized controlled trial of problem solving treatment, antidepressant medication and combined treatment for major depression in primary care). British Medical Journal , 320, 26-30.
- National Institutes of Health. Diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). NIH consensus statement, 16: 1-37.
- O'Connor, T.G., & Creswell, C. (2005). (Cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents). Psychiatry, 4, 123-125.
- Pelham, W.E. (2008). (Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 37, 184–214.
- Pelham, W.E., & Murphy, H.A. (1986). Behavioral and pharnacological treatment of attention deficit and conduct disorders. In M. Hersen (Ed.), Pharmacological and behavioral treatment (108- 148). New York: John wiley & sons 1986.
- Pliszka, S.R., Greenhill, L.L., Crismon, M.L., et al. (2000). (The Texas children's medication algorithm project: Report of the Texas consensus conference panel on medication treatment of childhood attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Part I. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2000, 39, 908-919.
- Preece, S., & Mellor, D. (2009). (Learning patterns in social skills training programs: an exploratory study). Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal , 26, 87-101.
- Retz, W., Freitag, C.M., Retz-Junginger, P., Wenzler, D., Schneider, M., Kissling, C., & et al. (2008). (A functional serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism increases ADHD symptoms in delinguents: Interaction with diverse childhood environment). Psychiatry Research, 158, 123-131.
- Roth, A., Pilling, S. (2007). The competencies required to deliver effective cognitive and behavioral therapy for people with depression and with anxiety disorder. New York: Department of Health Publication; 2007.
- Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A. (2007). Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of psychiatry, behavioral clinical psychiatry.10 th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1206-1217.
- Satterfield, J.H., Satterfield, B.T., & Schell, A.M. (1987). (Therapeutic interventions to prevent delinquency in hyperactive boys). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 26, 56 –64.
- Short, B.A. (2006). (Social skills training to increase self- concept in children with ADHD). Journal of Clinical Child And Adolescent Psychology, 50, 140-153.
- Sonuga-Barke, E. J.S., Thompson, M., Daley, D., & Laver- Bradbury, C. (2004). (Parent training for pre-school attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Is it effective when delivered as routine rather than as specialist care? British). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 449–457.
- Walker, H.M. (1983). The ACCESS Program: Adolescent curriculum for communication and effective social skills: Student study guide. Austin, Publisher, Pro-Ed, 1983.
- Youngstrom, E., Youngstrom, J.K., & Starr, M. (2005). (Bipolar diagnoses in community mental health: Achenbach child behavior checklist profiles and patterns of comorbidity). Biological Psychiatry, 58, 569-575.
)