Research Paper
Mahnaz Aliakbari Dehkordi; Tayebeh Mohtashami; Parastoo Hasanzadeh; Hosnieh Shahryari
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 7-15
Abstract
Introduction: According to Sandra Bem, children are active in forming their gender roles and even may have more stronger gender stereotypes than their parents. Also, according to gender schema theory, gender development in children is not only influenced by their cognitive development, but also society ...
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Introduction: According to Sandra Bem, children are active in forming their gender roles and even may have more stronger gender stereotypes than their parents. Also, according to gender schema theory, gender development in children is not only influenced by their cognitive development, but also society has effective role in its formation. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the psychometric characteristics of Boldizar`s Children`s Sex Role Inventory (1991) in Iranian population. Method: The statistical sample of this research included 483 male and female elementary students graded forth, fifth and sixth in Tehran City that wer randomly selected by multi-phases clustering sampling. The research instrument was Boldizar`s Children`s Sex Role Inventory (1991). For studying the scale`s reliability and validity, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used respectively. Results: Cronbach`s alpha coefficient showed that Children`s Sex Role Inventory has high reliability in masculinity, femininity and neutral factors and Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model has good fitness in determining factors in the primary form expressed by Boldizar (1991). Also, the results of normalization showed that median of masculinity and femininity in the sample were respectively 2.8 and 2.7. Conclusion: According to the research results, regarding the social-cognitive changes in Iran society, Boldizar`s Children`s Sex Role Inventory for studying Tehran elementary students sex role is a reliable and valid tool.
Research Paper
mohammad Ali nazari; mehdi zamani asl; mohammad ahmadi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 16-29
Abstract
Introduction: Based on Mood-congruency hypothesis and Bower theory, individuals selectively process pleasant and unpleasant emotional information. The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of learned helplessness on the retrieval of unpleasant memory in individuals that are ...
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Introduction: Based on Mood-congruency hypothesis and Bower theory, individuals selectively process pleasant and unpleasant emotional information. The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of learned helplessness on the retrieval of unpleasant memory in individuals that are exposed to recurrent failure to solve problem. Method: Forty-five participants (20 males and 25 females) took part in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: experimental, control, and waiting. To begin with, the Persian version of the Carver and White's BIS/BAS scale (1994), Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) test, and Attributional style questionnaire (ASQ), were filled out by the participants. For all subjects, emotional words were presented for memorization. Then, participants in the experimental and control groups received the same problems. Participants in the experimental group received response-noncontingent feedback for their performance, the control group did not receive any feedback and the waiting group did not respond to any problem. Reaction time (RT), response bias (ß) and sensitivity (d') for emotional word recognition was calculated using signal detection theory. Results: No significant differences were observed for reaction time. However, response bias (ß) and sensitivity (d') were different in the three groups. Conclusion: The results indicated that individuals who had exposure to learned helplessness, used more liberal strategy for negative word recognition.
Research Paper
Touraj Hashemi; Elnaz Arianpour; Naeemeh Mashinchi Abbasi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 30-44
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the role of social orientation on moral behavior, regarding the mediating role of spirituality. Method: Using a random multi-stage cluster method, 407 students were selected from among Tabriz University students. Data were gathered by Lussier Moral ...
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Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the role of social orientation on moral behavior, regarding the mediating role of spirituality. Method: Using a random multi-stage cluster method, 407 students were selected from among Tabriz University students. Data were gathered by Lussier Moral Behavior Inventory, Harrison social orientation questionnaire, and a researcher-made questionnaire on spirituality, which was based on the Malekian theory of spirituality. Results: The results showed that by increasing the social orientation as well as spirituality, moral behavior is enhanced. On the other hand, as social orientation rises, spirituality is increased. Besides, findings of path analysis revealed that social orientation could have a direct effect on moral behavior or it could indirectly influence it through the mediating role of spirituality. In addition, results obtained by multiple regression method suggested that both spirituality and social orientation could predict part of the changes observed in moral behavior in a compound manner. Conclusion: The results suggest that various factors such as social orientation and spirituality contribute in developing moral behavior. Consequently, morality is developed in social context and individual spiritual experiences through interpersonal interactions result in the manifestation of behavior based on moral features.
Research Paper
Hossin Zare; Ahmad Alipur; Ali Mostafaie
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 45-56
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study Standardization and Normalization Memory Scale Retrospective memory - prospective Crawford et al (2003) For students Fits Retrospective memory - prospective In Iranian culture. Method: The tool used to determine the size and amount Retrospective memory - prospective ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study Standardization and Normalization Memory Scale Retrospective memory - prospective Crawford et al (2003) For students Fits Retrospective memory - prospective In Iranian culture. Method: The tool used to determine the size and amount Retrospective memory - prospective Made by Crawford et al (2003). Content validity of the by Psychology faculty approval and On a random sample of 382 students Implementation Payam Noor University of Urmia. Questions with appropriate statistical methods to analyze Amount validity and reliability, cut off point and Norm scores were determined. Results: The test results Kolmogorov - Smirnov The assumption of normality of the data by Retrospective memory – prospective Equal to 0/703 the Level (P 0/05) Not significant, Therefore we can say that The data obtained from the questionnaires distributed, Its distribution among the normal population. In addition, Test the Kaiser - Meyer – Avlkyn equivalent 0/77 and Bartlett test 1632/835 That level error, Smaller than for 0/01 Was significant.the amount Cronbach's alpha for whole questionnaire equivalent 0/83. Conclusion: Test results show the high reliability.
Research Paper
Taiebeh Yeganeh; Abbas Ali Hosseinkhanzadeh; Mohammad Reza Zarbakhsh
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 57-72
Abstract
Introduction: As one of the serious problems in students with ADHD disorder is insufficiency in social skills, the current study aimed at studying the Effectiveness of social skill training via cognitive-behavioral approach on Reducing Symptoms of ADHD disorder in students. Method: The method was experimental ...
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Introduction: As one of the serious problems in students with ADHD disorder is insufficiency in social skills, the current study aimed at studying the Effectiveness of social skill training via cognitive-behavioral approach on Reducing Symptoms of ADHD disorder in students. Method: The method was experimental and the research design was pre-test, post-test with control group and two months follow-up. The statistic population included all female elementary students of 5th and 6th grades with ADHD disorder in Langrood city in 2012-13 educational year. The subjects, 30 students, were selected via random multilevel clustering as samples and were divided into two experimental and control groups. Walker Social Skills Curriculum was presented in 17 sessions during two months for members of the experimental group. Results: The results of repeated measures Ancova showed that there is a significant difference between the rate of symptoms of ADHD disorder during post-test and follow-up. Conclusion: Based on the results of current research and similar ones, it is expected that social skills training programs be considered as a complement aspect to schools curriculums.
Research Paper
Mohsen Golparvar; Zahra Javadian; Zahra Vaseghi; Mohammad Reza Mosaheb; Zohre Esmailian Ardestani
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 73-86
Abstract
Introduction: This study was administered with the aim of studying the interactional role of perceived organizational justice dimensions on retaliatory behaviors. Method: The research statistical population was 800 male employees of some industrial companies in Isfahan city, from among them 275 were ...
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Introduction: This study was administered with the aim of studying the interactional role of perceived organizational justice dimensions on retaliatory behaviors. Method: The research statistical population was 800 male employees of some industrial companies in Isfahan city, from among them 275 were selected by convenience sampling. Research instruments consisted of distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice questionnaires (Golparvar & Nadi, 2010) and organizational retaliatory behaviors questionnaire (Skarlicki & Folger, 1997). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and moderated hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The results revealed that interactional and procedural justice moderate the relationship between distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory from the colleagues and from the time; however, they do not moderate the relationship between distributive justice and retaliation from the facilities. The results also showed that in low procedural and interactional justice, there is stronger relationship between distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time. That is, with increase of perceived distributive justice, tendency to verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time has decreased. Conclusion: Evidences from current research revealed that the levels of procedural and interactional justice are important for relating distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time.
Research Paper
Imanollah Bigdeli; Parviz sabahi; saeed Azami
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 87-99
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed at analyzing the content of electoral messages of the candidates of the eleventh round of presidential elections and measuring the adaptation rate of those with the Good Governance Model. It also measured the degree of consistency between the working priorities of the elected ...
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Introduction: This study aimed at analyzing the content of electoral messages of the candidates of the eleventh round of presidential elections and measuring the adaptation rate of those with the Good Governance Model. It also measured the degree of consistency between the working priorities of the elected president with those of people. Method: The research design was descriptive and its statistical population included all candidates of the eleventh round of presidential election as well as all eligible voters in Semnan province. All candidates’ TV promotional programs and their debates were analyzed. Besides, from among the approximately 400 thousands eligible voters in Semnan province, 650 were randomly selected to fill out the researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The electoral message contents of candidates were categorized and evaluated by two independent raters, and the contingency coefficient between them were calculated. Results: The results revealed that the contents of electoral messages of most candidates were consistent with Good Governance Model. Furthermore, according to the results of the survey, people had more attention to plan and working experiences of their desired candidate. Moreover, the people expectations from president-elect (such as inflation problem, employment and nuclear issue) were consistent with working priorities of the president–elect. Conclusion: Adjusting the content of electoral messages based on an efficient framework (such as the Good Governance Model) and in accordance with conditions dominating the society, is effective in success in elections.
Research Paper
azam bayanlou; parviz azadfallah; Kazem Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaie
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 100-113
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate the development of creative thinking and related subscales in monolingual and earlybilingual children. Method: The study sample consisted of 260 male and female students (130 Azari-Fars earlybilingual students and 130 Fars monolingual) which ...
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Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate the development of creative thinking and related subscales in monolingual and earlybilingual children. Method: The study sample consisted of 260 male and female students (130 Azari-Fars earlybilingual students and 130 Fars monolingual) which were selected at convenience from elementary schools in region II of the city of Qom. Data were collected by Torrance Creative Thinking Test (TTCT; figural version of form B,1974) and the results were analyzed by MANOVA and paired comparison of means. Results: According to the findings, gender, language, and grade had significant effect on creative thinking and its subscales, which led to a nonlinear trend in development of creativity between the groups. Conclusion: the interaction between gender, language and age has the most significant impact on the development of creativity; such that bilingual boys at higher grades were more creative and monolingual girls were less among the groups.
Research Paper
Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri; Hossein Meiboudi; Ahmad Maleki pour; Adeleh Saradipour
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 114-124
Abstract
Introduction: Shaping attitudes, values, commitment, and skills needed to maintain and support the environment starts from early ages. This study aimed at assessing and preparing nursery coaches for environmental education to children. Method: The method was descriptive and the population for the study ...
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Introduction: Shaping attitudes, values, commitment, and skills needed to maintain and support the environment starts from early ages. This study aimed at assessing and preparing nursery coaches for environmental education to children. Method: The method was descriptive and the population for the study consisted of the kindergarten coaches in Tehran. The findings related to environmental literacy rate was obtained by standard questionnaires. Results: The results showed that, in terms of environmental education, 79% of the study sample is lower than average. The level of education and work experience did not show a significant relationship with the level of environmental literacy. Furthermore, nursery coaches had good information about environmental issues but possessed little knowledge of the world's environmental problems. Conclusion: The study indicated that providing environmental educational programs for nursery coaches is necessary and also the need for related in-service programs for teachers is vital.
Research Paper
mohamad Bagher movahedi; Sehraneh Javadi Asaesh
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, Pages 125-135
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of verse training on children`s monitoring memory. Method: Using multistage random sampling 24 male students from the first-grade were chosen. The research design was quasi-experimental using pretest - posttest and control group. ...
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Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of verse training on children`s monitoring memory. Method: Using multistage random sampling 24 male students from the first-grade were chosen. The research design was quasi-experimental using pretest - posttest and control group. Students of the experimental group received eight 45-minutes sessions of teaching verse, which was based on self-asking teaching strategy designed by Chan and Klee (1990) and Dembo information-processing approach (1994). In order to test the students’ memory a list of pairs of words was used. Data Analysis was done using covariance test. Findings: The results showed that the average error in students’ meta-memory who had received verse training was less than students who did not have this type of training. Conclusion: Students who received verse training mostly used the words they were sure they would remember; while students who had not received training in verse could not remember the words they were sure to remember. Therefore, a difference was observed between actual memory and predicted memory of these students.
