social Psychology
Ali Mostafaie; Sadegh Sadegh Shirbigipour
Abstract
Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of Predicting social cognition based on False beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias with the Mediation of Theory of Mind. Method:Research method was descriptive ,correlational and structural equation modeling.The ...
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Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of Predicting social cognition based on False beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias with the Mediation of Theory of Mind. Method:Research method was descriptive ,correlational and structural equation modeling.The statistical population included all high school students of Ilam city in the academic year 2020-2021, which Among them 380 people were selected by Cluster sampling method. The instruments was include Nejati et al.'s Social Cognition scale (2017), Baron-Cohen et al.'s Theory of Mind Questionnaire (2001), Pentridge et al.'s Motivational Bias Questionnaire (2002), Shostrom's Personal Perception Questionnaire (1992), and Catlin and Epstein's False Beliefs Questionnaire (2003). Reliability and validity of the questionnaires were verified by first and second rank confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL software and CR and AVE values. Analysis of data was performed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in two parts, the measurement model and structural section. Results: The results showed that the conceptual model developed had a good fit with the data. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated the significance of the coefficients of the direct path between the variables of false beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias with social cognition in the final model. Also, theory of mind has a direct, positive and significant effect on social cognition. Finally, false beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias has a negative and significant indirect effect through the mediating variable of Theory of Mind on social cognition. Conclusion:Therefore, applying strategies to reduce false beliefs, personal perception and motivational bias and increasing theory of mind can lead to increasing social cognition in students
social Psychology
Nikoo Norozi; Ensiyeh Babaee
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of family functioning and loneliness in predicting the tendency to become addicted to Internet among high school girls with working parents. Method: The statistical population included all high school female students in the academic year ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of family functioning and loneliness in predicting the tendency to become addicted to Internet among high school girls with working parents. Method: The statistical population included all high school female students in the academic year of 1400-1401 in Hersin city with working parents, from which 162 people were selected based on the Karjesi-Morgan table by random cluster sampling. Internet addiction questionnaires by Young (1996), Russell, Pilova, and Ferguson (1978) and family functioning questionnaires by Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishab (1950) were used to collect data. Findings: Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The obtained results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between family functioning and the tendency to become addicted to Internet. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between the feeling of loneliness and the tendency to be addicted to Internet (p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that family function 0.314 and feeling alone 0.348 significantly predicted the variance of addiction to Internet (p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that the variables of family functioning and loneliness have a decisive role in the tendency to become addicted to Internet.
social Psychology
Mojtaba Aghili; Asemeh Mahini; Ensiyeh Babaee; Mitra Namazi
Abstract
Introduction: Family is the smallest social unit, its stability or instability affects family members and society. The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in girls with and without divorced parents in Gorgan city. ...
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Introduction: Family is the smallest social unit, its stability or instability affects family members and society. The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in girls with and without divorced parents in Gorgan city. Method: This study was a causal-comparative descriptive research. The socio-statistics were all female students of the second year of secondary school in Gorgan in the academic year 2022-2023. 150 students (75 students with divorced parents and 75 other students) were selected by purposive sampling method. The research tools were Baumrind's (1972) parenting perception questionnaires, Yang's (1998) early maladaptive schemas, and King's spiritual intelligence (2008). To analyze the data, the statistical method of multivariate variance analysis and SPSS version 24 software were used. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between girls with and without divorced parents in terms of perception of parenting style, primary incompatible schemas and spiritual intelligence (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that students with divorced parents in the schemas of cut and rejection, impaired limits and listening to excessive noise; They had permissive and authoritarian parenting style and less spiritual intelligence than other students, and attention to their correction should be taken into consideration by psychotherapy specialists.
social Psychology
Zahed Mahdavi; Haleh Shaeri; abed mahdavi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to predict criminal behavior based on cognitive biases, emotion dysregulation, and social support. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlation. People formed the statistical research community cared for and supported as criminals in the Tehran Reform and Education ...
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Objective: This study aimed to predict criminal behavior based on cognitive biases, emotion dysregulation, and social support. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlation. People formed the statistical research community cared for and supported as criminals in the Tehran Reform and Education Center in 2023. The available sampling method selected one hundred twenty people as research samples. Measurement tools included the criminal behavior checklist of Sharifinia (2010), the social support questionnaire of Vaux et al. (1986), the emotion regulation difficulty questionnaire of Gratz & Roemer (2004), the Davos cognitive bias Assessment Scale of van Der Gaag et al. (2013), which the sample people completed. the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used in SPSS-24 software for data analysis. Results: The study's findings showed that cognitive biases and emotion dysregulation have a significant positive relationship with criminal behavior, and social support has a significant negative relationship with criminal behavior. The linear regression model showed that cognitive biases, emotion dysregulation, and social support can predict 78.9, 12.8, and 12.6 percent of the variance in criminal behavior, respectively. In addition, the research findings showed that the combination of research variables explains 71.9% of the variance in criminal behavior (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Given that irrational thoughts, emotional dysregulation, and lack of social support play a significant role in the formation and occurrence of criminal behavior, psychological interventions and the implementation of deterrent laws at the community level can prevent criminal behavior and improve the psychological health of adolescents.
social Psychology
Esmail Sadri; bahman zardi; saeed khakdal
Abstract
Abstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of online intimacy and deception scale in students. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were studying in the academic year of 2023-2024. The ...
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Abstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of online intimacy and deception scale in students. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were studying in the academic year of 2023-2024. The research sample consisted of 331 people (41 boys and 290 girls) who were selected by available methods. Stanton et al.'s (2016) online intimacy and deception scale was used to collect data. To check the validity of the scale, the internal consistency method was used, and to check the validity of the scale, the correlation of the subscales of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results showed that the alpha coefficient for online intimacy factor was 0.71 and for online deception was 0.75. The results of fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis showed that this scale has a good fit (CFI=0.93, NFI=0.90 and RMSEA=0.073). As a result, it can be said that this scale is a suitable tool for measuring sincere and deceptive behavior in cyberspace.
social Psychology
atefeh heyrat; kamran sheivandi; nazanin mohammadi
Abstract
The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the social presence questionnaire of students in a virtual way. The statistical population included all the students of Isfahan University in the academic year of 1400-1399 (16500). Based on the Cochran formula, ...
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The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the social presence questionnaire of students in a virtual way. The statistical population included all the students of Isfahan University in the academic year of 1400-1399 (16500). Based on the Cochran formula, a sample of 367 people was selected based on a multi-stage random method. The data collection tool included Yen and Tu's social presence questionnaire (2008). Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysisThe reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale and its dimensions. The confirmatory validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinion of psychological experts. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the items of the social presence questionnaire had an appropriate and meaningful factor load, and the social presence consists of four factors of social context, privacy, interaction and online communication. The fit indices showed that the measurement model of the social presence questionnaire has a good fit. The social presence questionnaire by measuring the four dimensions of social context, privacy, interaction and online communication is a valid tool to determine the extent to which people have this empowering feature, and for this reason, it can easily be used by researchers and professionals in the field of psychology and social sciences.
social Psychology
soheyla sohrabi; Javad Salehi; Tahere Elahi
Abstract
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of creating credibility for the co-witness bylabeling, on the conformity of visual memory. In this research, the conformity of the recognition memory of 64participants was investigated based on the "pretest-posttest control group design". ...
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Abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of creating credibility for the co-witness bylabeling, on the conformity of visual memory. In this research, the conformity of the recognition memory of 64participants was investigated based on the "pretest-posttest control group design". First, in the pre-test step, theactual level of visual recognition memory performance of the individual participants was measured using theInternational Affective Picture System (IAPS). Then, the participants of the experimental group participated inimage recognition tasks in the presence of an expert co-witness (researcher's confederate) who was validated bythe labeling him a police officer, and the participants of the control group in the presence of a non-expert co-witness (researcher's confederate). Data analysis using one way analysis of covariance showed that theparticipants of the experimental group conformed with the valid co-witness more than the control group (ηp2 =0.88, p < 0.005 and F = (58) 19.35). In conclusion, the results showed that providing information about theexpertise of a co-witness can have an effect on memory conformity with him. It turned out that the person'sassessment of the validity of the co-witness's memory plays the most important role. It seems that a person'sperception of the credibility of a co-witness affects the way he processes new information, which leads to anincrease in conformity due to wrong attributions in the source monitoring process. Social influence also plays arole in the credibility effect, though not in terms of giving credibility to memories, but in terms of how information isused.
social Psychology
Mona Farkhondehfal; Pegah Nejat
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effect of social exclusion on state self-esteem at both implicit and explicit levels and the moderating role of trait implicit and explicit self-esteem in this relation. Method: It was an experimental study with one between-subjects factor (acceptance, rejection). ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effect of social exclusion on state self-esteem at both implicit and explicit levels and the moderating role of trait implicit and explicit self-esteem in this relation. Method: It was an experimental study with one between-subjects factor (acceptance, rejection). Participants were 110 individuals (80% women) with a mean age of 27.4 years who participated in this study voluntarily and online in fall 1400. They first responded to measures of explicit and implicit trait self-esteem then received the social exclusion manipulation by "writing about previous experience" and finally responded to measures of explicit and implicit state self-esteem. Rosenberg self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and single-item self-esteem scale (Donnellan et al., 2015) were used to measure explicit self-esteem. Implicit Association Test (Greenwald & Farnham, 2000) and Name-Letter Test (Kitayama & Karasawa, 1997) were used to assess implicit self-esteem. Results: Consistent with sociometer theory, implicit state self-esteem was lower in response to the rejection condition compared to the acceptance condition. In contrast, explicit state self-esteem was not different between the acceptance and rejection conditions. One possible explanation for this finding is the activation of conscious defense mechanisms to protect self-esteem in response to the experience of social rejection. The effect of social exclusion on implicit state self-esteem was not moderated with either explicit or implicit trait self-esteem. whereas the effect of social exclusion on explicit state self-esteem was moderated with both explicit and implicit trait self-esteem. Conclusion: The effect of social exclusion on explicit state self-esteem was moderated such that explicit state self-esteem of participants with either high implicit or low explicit trait self-esteem was less vulnerable to the experience of social exclusion. Differences of explicit and implicit state self-esteem in response to social exclusion in different levels of explicit and implicit trait self-esteem need further investigation.
