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اثر طرد اجتماعی بر عزت نفس آشکار و ضمنی حالتی و نقش تعدیلگری عزت نفس صفتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، روانشناسی سلامت، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران .

چکیده

مقدمه: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر طرد اجتماعی بر عزت نفس آشکار و ضمنی حالتی، و نقش تعدیلگری عزت نفس آشکار و ضمنی صفتی در این رابطه انجام شد. روش: پژوهش از نوع آزمایشی با یک عامل برون آزمودنی دوسطحی (پذیرش/ طرد) بود. شرکت‌کنندگان 110 نفر (80% زن) با میانگین سن 4/27 سال بودند که به طور داوطلبانه و آنلاین در پاییز 1400 در مطالعه شرکت نمودند. شرکت‌کنندگان ابتدا به سنجه‌های عزت نفس آشکار و ضمنی صفتی پاسخ دادند، سپس تحت القای طرد اجتماعی با روش «نوشتن از تجربه گذشته» قرار گرفتند و در نهایت به سنجه‌های عزت نفس آشکار و ضمنی حالتی پاسخ دادند. برای سنجش عزت نفس آشکار از مقیاس عزت نفس روزنبرگ (1965) و عزت نفس تک سئوالی (دانلان و همکاران، 2015) و برای سنجش عزت نفس ضمنی از آزمون تداعی ضمنی (گرینوالد و فارنام، 2000) و آزمون حرف-نام (کیتایاما و کاراساوا، 1997) استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: همسو با نظریه عقربه اجتماعی (لیری، 2012)، عزت نفس ضمنی حالتی در گروه طرد پایین‌تر از گروه پذیرش بود. در مقابل، عزت نفس آشکار حالتی در گروه طرد تفاوتی با گروه پذیرش نداشت. تبیین احتمالی این یافته می‌تواند فعال شدن مکانیزم‌های دفاعی آگاهانه برای محافظت از عزت نفس به دنبال طرد اجتماعی باشد. اثر طرد اجتماعی بر عزت نفس ضمنی حالتی توسط هیچ کدام از دو عزت نفس صفتی ضمنی و آشکار تعدیلگری نشد. در مقابل، اثر طرد اجتماعی بر عزت نفس آشکار حالتی، توسط هر دو نوع عزت نفس آشکار و ضمنی صفتی تعدیلگری شد. نتیجه‌گیری: عزت نفس آشکار حالتیِ کسانی که عزت نفس ضمنی صفتی بالاتر یا عزت نفس آشکار صفتی پایین‌تر داشتند کمتر در مقابل طرد آسیب‌پذیر بود. تفاوت عزت نفس آشکار و ضمنی حالتی در اثرپذیری از طرد اجتماعی در سطوح مختلف عزت نفس آشکار و ضمنی صفتی نیازمند بررسی بیشتر به نظر می‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Social Exclusion on State Explicit & Implicit Self-Esteem and the Moderating Role of Trait Self-Esteem

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mona Farkhondehfal 1
  • Pegah Nejat 2

1 Ph.D. Student in Health Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effect of social exclusion on state self-esteem at both implicit and explicit levels and the moderating role of trait implicit and explicit self-esteem in this relation. Method: It was an experimental study with one between-subjects factor (acceptance, rejection). Participants were 110 individuals (80% women) with a mean age of 27.4 years who participated in this study voluntarily and online in fall 1400. They first responded to measures of explicit and implicit trait self-esteem then received the social exclusion manipulation by "writing about previous experience" and finally responded to measures of explicit and implicit state self-esteem. Rosenberg self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and single-item self-esteem scale (Donnellan et al., 2015) were used to measure explicit self-esteem. Implicit Association Test (Greenwald & Farnham, 2000) and Name-Letter Test (Kitayama & Karasawa, 1997) were used to assess implicit self-esteem. Results: Consistent with sociometer theory, implicit state self-esteem was lower in response to the rejection condition compared to the acceptance condition. In contrast, explicit state self-esteem was not different between the acceptance and rejection conditions. One possible explanation for this finding is the activation of conscious defense mechanisms to protect self-esteem in response to the experience of social rejection. The effect of social exclusion on implicit state self-esteem was not moderated with either explicit or implicit trait self-esteem. whereas the effect of social exclusion on explicit state self-esteem was moderated with both explicit and implicit trait self-esteem. Conclusion: The effect of social exclusion on explicit state self-esteem was moderated such that explicit state self-esteem of participants with either high implicit or low explicit trait self-esteem was less vulnerable to the experience of social exclusion. Differences of explicit and implicit state self-esteem in response to social exclusion in different levels of explicit and implicit trait self-esteem need further investigation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Implicit cognition
  • Self-esteem
  • Social exclusion
  • Sociometer theory
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شناخت اجتماعی
دوره 11، شماره 21 - شماره پیاپی 21
خرداد 1401
صفحه 131-145
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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