با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن روانشناسی اجتماعی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترا گروه روانشناسی تربیتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

2 استادیار گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه آزاد کرمان

3 استادیار گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمان

چکیده

مقدمه: هدف این پژوهش بررسی رابطه کارکرد­های اجرایی بازداری پاسخ و حافظه کاری با سطح رشد تئوری ذهن دانش­آموزان ابتدایی است. روش:  روش پژوهش حاضر همبستگی است. جامعه آماری در این تحقیق شامل کلیه دانش آموزان عادی دبستانی شهر مشهد است که در سال تحصیلی 96-95 در مدارس شهرستان مشهد مشغول به تحصیل بودند. نمونه پژوهش شامل 180 نفر بود. که به شیوه همتاسازی بر اساس سن، جنسیت و پایه تحصیلی به صورت تصادفی خوشه­ای از مدارس عادی شهر مشهد انتخاب شدند. بزارهای گردآوری داده­ها در این پژوهش عبارت بودند از فرم 38 سؤالی نظریه ذهن موریس و همکاران، آزمون استروپ و حافظه کاری وکسلر. داده ها با روش همبستگی برای فرضیات پژوهشی و رگرسیون خطی برای سؤال پژوهش مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند برای بررسی توان پیش­بینی توانش­های نظریه ذهن از طریق متغیرهای مستقل پژوهش و تبیین واریانس تئوری ذهن از تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه استفاده شد. یافته­ها: یافته­های پژوهش نشان داد که روابط مثبت و معنی­داری بین کارکردهای اجرایی بازداری پاسخ و حافظه کاری با سطح رشد نظریه ذهن وجود دارد. همچنین بازداری پاسخ و حافظه کاری توانایی پیش­بینی سطح رشد تئوری ذهن را دارند. نتایج نشان داد که از میان کارکردهای اجرایی، متغیر حافظه کاری سهم بیشتری در پیش بینی توانش­های نظریه ذهن دارد. نتیجه­ گیری: به­طور کلی کنش­های اجرایی به خصوص حافظه کاری و بازداری پاسخ نقش تعیین کننده­ای در پیش­بینی و تحول توانمندی­های ذهنی انسان من جمله توانش­های نظری ذهن دارند. بهبود این کنش­ها منجر به درک شناخت بیشتر اجتماعی در انسان می­شود. بنابراین توجه به ظرفیت و کارآیی حافظه کاری یادگیرندگان بر کارآمدی فرآیند آموزش و طراحی مواد آموزشی که هدف نهایی همه آن­ها ایجاد، گسترش یا تسهیل عملکردهای شناختی است، اثرات مثبت می­گذارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Executive Function, Working Memory and Response Inhibition with Mental Competence Theory of Mind in Children 7 to 12 Years of Primary School

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Taghizadeh 1
  • Amanollah Soltani 2
  • Hamdollah Manzar Tavakoli 3
  • Zahra ZaynDin Meymand 3

1 PhD Department of Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University

2 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences

3 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to study the association between the response inhibition executive functions of response inhibition and working memory and the development of the mind theory in primary school children. Methods: This research method was correlational. The population in this study consisted of all elementary school students in Mashhad in the academic year 1396-95. The sample consisted of 180 students randomly selected and matched by age, gender, and grade. Data collection tools in this study consisted of 38 questions form the Theory of Mind, Morris et al. ( ), Stroop Test and the Wechsler Memory Scale Active. The data collected were analyzed using correlation and linear regression analysis to test the research questions. Results: The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the executive functions of response inhibition, working memory and the development of theory of mind. Also a correlation was found between response inhibition and working memory's ability to predict the level of theory of mind. Furthermore, the results showed a positive relationship between theory of mind and response inhibition and working memory span. Conclusion: In general, executive functions, particularly working memory and response inhibition play decisive roles in anticipating and development of human mental abilities, including the ability of the conceptual mind. In addition, improving these actions led to greater recognition of social human understanding. Therefore, paying attention to learners’ working memory capacity and the effectiveness of learning and teaching materials designed to create the ultimate objective of all of them, or facilitate the development of cognitive functions, display significant effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Working memory
  • response inhibition
  • Theory of Mind
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