با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن روانشناسی اجتماعی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای سنجش و اندازه‌گیری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دکترای روان‌شناسی شناختی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران.

5 دانشیار روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش مقایسه ظرفیت حافظه کاری هیجانی در کودکان دختر 7 تا 9 سال و 11 ماه و 29 روز تک‌زبانه (فارسی) و دوزبانه (ارمنی- فارسی) شهر تهران بود. روش: جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر، دانش‌آموزان دختر مقطع ابتدایی با دامنه‌ی سنی 7 الی 9 سال و 11 ماه و 29 روز نیمسال دوم تحصیلی 1401-1402 مدارس منطقه 6 تهران بودند. نمونه آماری شامل 30 دانش‌آموز دختر یک‌زبانه (فارسی) و 30 دانش‌آموز دختر دوزبانه (ارمنی- فارسی) بود که از میان دانش‌آموزان پایه اول تا سوم مدارس دولتی و با روش نمونه‌گیری داوطلبانه و در دسترس انتخاب شدند. در این پژوهش برای گردآوری اطلاعات، از آزمون سنجش ظرفیت حافظه‌ کاری هیجانی کودکان و آزمون ظرفیت عدد (فراخنای ارقام رو به جلو و معکوس) استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون کلمگروف اسمیرونف جهت بررسی نرمال بودن داده‌ ها و  جهت مقایسه ی دو گروه آزمون تی مستقل و رگرسیون لوجستیک، در نرم‌افزار SPSS تحلیل شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین کودکان یک‌زبانه و دوزبانه در گروه ‌های سنی بین 7 سال و 6 ماه تا 8 سال و 11 ماه و 29 روز تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد (p<0.05)، اما در سایر گروه‌های سنی تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد (p>0.05). همچنین، افزایش سن (به میزان یک واحد) موجب کاهش 5/80 درصدی تفاوت نمرات افراد یک‌زبانه و دوزبانه شد (p>0.01). نتیجه گیری: باتوجه به نتایج به دست آمده می‌توان نتیجه گرفت دو‌زبانگی نسبت به تک‌‌زبانگی بر ظرفیت حافظه‌ کاری هیجانی و کارکردهای شناختی- هیجانی کودکان اثرگذار است و می‌بایست در برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی و شغلی بدان توجه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Bilingualism and Affective Control: Comparison of Emotional Working Memory Capacity in Child Girls, Monolingual and Bilingual

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nadia Khoshkhooy 1
  • Moslem kord 2
  • Majid Saffarinia 3
  • Anahita Veisi 4
  • Zahra Nikmanesh 5

1 Ph.D. Student in Assessment and Measurement, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

4 M.Sc. Student of General Psychology,Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran.

5 Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The purpose of this research was a comparison of emotional working memory capacity in monolingual (Persian) and bilingual (Armenian-Persian) girls aged 7 to 9 years and 11 months and 29 days. Method: The statistical population of the current study included elementary school girls aged 7 to 9 years and 11 months and 29 days in the second semester of the 1401-1402 school in Tehran. The statistical sample included 30 monolingual students (Persian) and 30 bilingual students (Armenian-Persian) who were selected among the first to third- grade students of public schools and the available sampling method. In this research, the information was processed by children's emotional working memory capacity test and number capacity test (reading forward and reverse digits). The data were analyzed by the Kolmogorov Smirnov, the Independent Samples test to compare two groups and logistic regression in IBM SPSS STATISTICS21 software. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between monolingual and bilingual children in the age groups between 7 years and 6 months and 8 years and 11 months and 29 days (p<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the other age groups (p>0.05). Also, the aging (by one unit) reduces by about 80.5% in the difference between the scores of monolingual and bilingual people (p>0.01). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that bilingualism is more effective than monolingualism in the capacity of emotional working memory and cognitive-emotional functions of children, and it should be taken into account in educational and business planning.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bilingualism
  • Emotional Control
  • Emotional Working Memory
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