با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن روانشناسی اجتماعی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف ساخت و اعتباریابی پرسشنامه خرد با توجه به ابعاد، مقوله‌ها و مولفه‌های الگوی خرد در جامعه ایران انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل افراد بالای 20 سال ایرانی بود. 985 نفر از گروه‌های مختلف قومی، جنسیتی، سنی و تحصیلی به کمک روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. نتایج تحلیل عامل تاییدی نشان داد که ساختار 6 بعدی خرد یعنی عوامل علی (مهارت‌ها و توانایی‌های شناختی، هوش هیجانی و ویژگی‌های شخصیتی)، مقوله اصلی (یکپارچگی، هماهنگی و تعادل ابعادی وجودی)، شرایط زمینه‌ای (دینداری، معنویت و تعالی خود، اخلاق، تامل و تجارب چالش‌انگیز)، شرایط مداخله‌گر (عوامل محیطی، نظام آموزش رسمی و غیررسمی و خانواده)، راهبردها (استدلال خردمندانه، نگرش و رفتارهای جامعه‌پسند، بهزیستی، مشاوره، راهنمایی و رهبری دیگران) و پیامدها (کمال و سعادت انسان، خیر مشترک و جهانی عادلانه‌تر) با داده‌ها برازش مناسبی داشتند. به‌طور کلی خرد را می‌توان به‌عنوان صفت منحصر‌به‌فرد، پیچیده و چندمولفه‌ای انسانی تعریف کرد که یکپارچگی پویا و متعادل مولفه‌های مختلف را در بر می‌گیرد. باید اذعان داشت توصیف خرد به‌عنوان بهترین بودن در همه ابعاد، موجب شود بسیاری آن را یک ایده‌ال غیرقابل دسترس ادراک کنند، در حالی که خرد را می‌توان به‌عنوان یک پیوستار در نظر گرفت که افراد ممکن است در طیفی از خیلی کم تا خیلی زیاد در ارتباط با این ابعاد قرار گیرند. این ابعاد به‌صورت هم‌افزایی در مسیر افزایش سطح خرد عمل می‌کنند و در واقع می‌توان گفت خرد بزرگتر از جمع اجزای آن است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Construction and Validation of Wisdom Questionnaire in Iran: An Integrated Approach to its Antecedents, Consequences and Concomitants

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Dasta 1
  • omid shokri 2
  • shahla pakdaman 3
  • jalil fathabadi 3

1 Ph.D. of Educational Psychology, faculty of psychology and education, Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Prof. of Educational Psychology, faculty of psychology and education, Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

This study intended to construct and validate a wisdom questionnaire in Iran with regard to its dimensions, categories and components in the context. All above-20 Iranians comprised the population. Using random cluster sampling, 985 Iranians with different ethnic, gender, age and academic backgrounds were selected. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a 6 dimensional structure of wisdom fits the data. The dimensions were Causal Factors (cognitive skills and abilities, emotional intelligence, and personality characteristics), Core Category (existential integrity, harmony and equilibrium), Context Conditions (religiousness, spirituality, self-excellence, ethics, reflection, and challenging experiences), Intervening Conditions (environmental factors, official and unofficial education system, and family), Strategies (wise reasoning, prosocial attitude and behaviors, wellbeing, consulting, guiding and leading others), and Consequences (human perfection and flourishing, common good and a more just world). Overall, wisdom can be defined as a unique, complex, and multifaceted feature encompassing dynamic integrity and balanced account of different components. To describe wisdom as being the best in all its dimensions makes it an unachievable-for-many ideal but if viewed as a continuum, then individuals’ wisdom can be seen as ranging from much/many to less/few of its dimensions. In fact, wisdom dimensions work in a synergic manner to promote it and its sum is greater than its parts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • wisdom
  • integrity
  • equilibrium
  • validity
  • reliability
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