Research Paper
Marzieh Mortezazadeh; Zohreh Rafezi; Hossein Eskandari
Abstract
Objective: Cognitive flexibility is one of the basic components of executive functions that not only improves the quality of social relations and adaptation of individuals but also affects the quality of social relations (rejection, acceptance). However, how the quality of social relations affect Cognitive ...
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Objective: Cognitive flexibility is one of the basic components of executive functions that not only improves the quality of social relations and adaptation of individuals but also affects the quality of social relations (rejection, acceptance). However, how the quality of social relations affect Cognitive flexibility is not clear, therefor the present study was conducted to compare the effect of social exclusion with social acceptance on cognitive flexibility. Method: The method of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study was all adults with a mean age of 25.74 and undergraduate education, from which 60 people who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into three groups of social acceptance, social exclusion and control. First, the subjects answered the Wisconsin test (Shahgholian et al., 2011); Then, by playing the virtual ball tossing game (Williams, Chang, Choi, 2000), social exclusion and social acceptance were induced in the two experimental groups. Then, to evaluate the effect of experimental induction, the experimental groups answered the basic needs threat scale of Williams (2001) and the positive and negative Affect scale of Watson, Clark and Tellegen (1988). Finally, the Wisconsin test was performed again in three groups. Research data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: Findings of this study showed that social exclusion reduces cognitive flexibility in individuals (P = 0.01) and social acceptance enhances cognitive flexibility (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Considering the negative effect of social exclusion on cognitive flexibility and the importance of this component in high-level cognitive functions, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the quality of individuals' social relations in order to promote cognitive flexibility.
Research Paper
Abolghasem Yaghobi; Sahar Mohammadi; mohammad reza zofgi paidar; Mehran Farhadi
Abstract
Objective: Prosocial behavior is one of the structures that has been seriously considered in social psychology and can be influenced by various factors. Hence, the purpose of this study was develop a structural model to explain prosocial behaviors based on belonging motivation and sensitivity to rejection ...
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Objective: Prosocial behavior is one of the structures that has been seriously considered in social psychology and can be influenced by various factors. Hence, the purpose of this study was develop a structural model to explain prosocial behaviors based on belonging motivation and sensitivity to rejection mediated by social trust. Method: The research method was correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study was all students of Bu Ali Sina University in the academic year 1399-1400, that 400 people was selected by random cluster sampling. The instruments used in this study was include scales of Caprara et al. (2005) prosocial behavior, Saffarinia & Sharif (2010) social trust, affiliation motivation of Cuadrado et al. (2016) and Danny and Foldman (1996) rejection sensitivity. Results: The results showed that the conceptual model developed had a good fit with the data. The results of structural relationships of the model showed that affiliation motivation and rejection sensitivity have a direct and significant effect on social trust (p <0.01) and prosocial behavior (p <0.01). Also, social trust had a direct and significant effect on prosocial behavior (p <0.01). The results of indirect relationships showed that affiliation motivation and rejection sensitivity mediated by social trust have a significant effect on prosocial behavior (p <0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results, the affiliation motivation and the sensitivity to rejection affect social trust and prosocial behaviors. Therefore, by developing programs to educate and increase affiliation motivation and reduce sensitivity to rejection in individuals, we can expect improvement in their prosocial behaviors.
Research Paper
Pourandokht Niroumand; Mahnaz Ali Akbari Dehkordi; Mohammad Oraki
Abstract
Objective: The aim of study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of WED impulsivity and aggression in adolescents with ODD. Method: Current study was conducted using a single subject experimental design. Diagnosis of ODD according to the SNAP-IV, Scale DSM5, Eisenbach. In order to assess aggression ...
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Objective: The aim of study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of WED impulsivity and aggression in adolescents with ODD. Method: Current study was conducted using a single subject experimental design. Diagnosis of ODD according to the SNAP-IV, Scale DSM5, Eisenbach. In order to assess aggression and impulsivity and difficulty in emotion regulation, Bass & Perry Aggression (1992) and Five Factors of impulsivity by Linham et al (2001) and Roemer and Graz (2004) ER were completed by participants at the beginning and during intervention sessions. Results: The magnitude of the effect of aggression on the Bass and Perry scale according to the Cohen index for the first to third participants was 0.56 0.41 and 0.47 respectively. The rate of recovery after the intervention was 45, 35 and 49% and the follow-up stage was 47,41and 50%. The magnitude of the effect of the five-factor scale, according to the Cohen index for three participants is equal to0,40, 0,53 and 0,52 respectively, and the rate of recovery after the intervention was 47, 52 and 47% .the follow-up stage was 47,51 and 50%.The magnitude of the effect of difficulty in regulating emotion, according to the Cohen index for three subjects is equal to 0,41, 0,38 and 0,37, respectively.The rate of recovery after the intervention was 35,44 and 37% and the follow-up stage was 37, 41 and 35%. Conclusion: Reduction in aggression and impulsivity dimensions. The results showed that WED of emotion can be useful in psychological interventions based on reducing aggression, impulsivity and difficulty in emotional regulation of adolescents with ODD..
Research Paper
farin saydi; hosein zare; majid safarinia; nasrolah erfani
Abstract
Objective: Infidelity is an emotional, social, familial, legal, and moral complex problem causes adverse consequences. The ability to tolerate the distress of infidelity can be influenced by a variety of factors. According to these varieties, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating ...
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Objective: Infidelity is an emotional, social, familial, legal, and moral complex problem causes adverse consequences. The ability to tolerate the distress of infidelity can be influenced by a variety of factors. According to these varieties, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive flexibility and stress perception in the relationship between psychological capital and forgiveness with distress tolerance. Method: The method of present study was a correlational study of structural equation modelling. The statistical population in the present study included all married men and women with an experience of infidelity, who referred to family counseling centers in Tehran in in fall and winter in 2019, which Among them 215 people were selected by random cluster sampling method. They completed the distress tolerance, psychological capital, and Forgiveness and stress perception questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-22 software and analysis of indexes fitness in moment structures (AMOS). Results: The results were supported the fitness of the proposed model after controlling the overlap between two variables. The results of structural equation analysis and regression indicated that there are significance coefficients of direct path in the final model. Also According to the first path, the mediaing role of the cognitive flexibility was identified in the relationship between psychological capital and forgiveness with distress tolerance in couples. But in the second path, it was found that the stress perception variable had a modulating role in the positive effect of forgiveness and psychological capital on distress tolerance. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that although psychological capital and forgiveness have a positive direct effect on distress tolerance in couples who suffering from marital infidelity. However, high cognitive flexibility has a facilitating role and in contrast to the high perceived stress has a moderating role on distress tolerance.
Research Paper
koroush soleimani; Faramarz Sohrabi; Mehdi Kalantari
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mental fatigue and situational awareness on the cognitive performance of Iranian airline pilots according to the moderating role of sources of stress. Method: The method of the present study was correlation and the statistical population ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mental fatigue and situational awareness on the cognitive performance of Iranian airline pilots according to the moderating role of sources of stress. Method: The method of the present study was correlation and the statistical population of all male civilian pilots working in Iranian airlines in 2019. 320 pilots participated in the analysis using the convenience sampling method as the main sample. Participants responded to a Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Situational Awareness Rating Technique, and Occupational Stress Inventory, and their cognitive performance was assessed based on simulation environment data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, Bootstrap test and interactive effects diagram. Results: The results showed that stress can moderate the effect of mental fatigue on pilot decision-making performance and the effect of situational awareness on executive attention performance. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that mental fatigue, situational awareness and sources of stress can interact to predict the cognitive performance of Iranian Airlines pilots.
Research Paper
Shahnaz Faraji; Mojgan Agahheris; hossein sheybani
Abstract
Objective: Marital satisfaction is the principle of continuity of a marital bond and it is important to identify effective interventions to strengthen it. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive avoidance and marital ...
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Objective: Marital satisfaction is the principle of continuity of a marital bond and it is important to identify effective interventions to strengthen it. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive avoidance and marital satisfaction of women with marital problems. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all women who referred to Tolooesalamat psychological and counseling center in Tehran in 1398. Among them, 32 people were selected by purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (16 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute acceptance and commitment therapy. Data collection tools were Sexton and Dougas Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire and Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software through univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing cognitive avoidance and increasing marital satisfaction of women with marital problems (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, in designing programs related to promoting family health and marital relationships, acceptance and commitment based therapy can be used as an effective intervention in improving cognitive avoidance and marital satisfaction.
Research Paper
majid baradaran; Farzaneh Ranjbar Noushari
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive flexibility and attachment style as predictors of student social cognition. Method: statistical population was comprised of all students in Payame Noor University of rasht city who have been studying between 2019-2020. Using ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive flexibility and attachment style as predictors of student social cognition. Method: statistical population was comprised of all students in Payame Noor University of rasht city who have been studying between 2019-2020. Using cluster sampling method, a group of 309 students were selected. Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The participants completed the items of Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), attachment styles questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) and student social cognition questionnaire (Nejati, Kamari & Jafari, 2018). Results: Results showed that there were a significant positive correlation between cognitive flexibility and secure attachment with social cognition and significant negative correlation between avoidant and ambivalent attachment with social cognition. Also, regression analysis showed that cognitive flexibility 0.49 and avoidant attachment style 0.02 significantly predict student social cognition (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research indicated that cognitive flexibility and attachment style have basic role in student social cognition.
Research Paper
mansoureh Hajhosseini; abed mahdavi; Maryam Mohammadi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of group education based on schema therapy on psychological well-being and differentiation of female students. Method: The study was carried out in a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of group education based on schema therapy on psychological well-being and differentiation of female students. Method: The study was carried out in a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of the study included all female students from 18 to 21 years of residence in Chamran dormitory of Tehran in 2018 which were selected from among them, 30 were randomly available and replaced by accident in two groups of experimental and control.In order to collect data, we used psychological well-being questionnaire (PWBS) and differentiation Skron and Smith Questionnaire (2003) and measured in accordance with the plan, the subjects in two stages before and after the implementation of group education.The treatment program was performed for 11 sessions of 90-minute group training for experimental groups but the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and the findings indicated that schema therapy significantly increased psychological well-being and six components i.e. self-acceptance, positive relationship with others, autonomy, mastery of the environment, the goal of life and personal development.The program also led to a significant difference in the testable group compared to the control group in self-differentiation. Results: The result was confirmed by the effectiveness of schema therapy in modifying maladaptive schemas and enabling young students to help maintain independence and regulate their emotion and behavior. Conclusion: This program has also been effective in improving the dominance of individuals on their own schemas in improvement of their psychological well-being and can be used as a fruitful model in the students ' psychological counseling.
Research Paper
Kamran Shivandi Chelicheh; farzaneh mostafaei
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the factors that affecting the reduction of cognitive distortions caused by Covid-19 pandemic. In terms of purpose this research is applied, and in terms of nature is descriptive-correlational. Method: The statistical population of this study includes ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the factors that affecting the reduction of cognitive distortions caused by Covid-19 pandemic. In terms of purpose this research is applied, and in terms of nature is descriptive-correlational. Method: The statistical population of this study includes all people living in city of Karaj and the sample size was calculated 384 based on Cochran formula. Sampling was done purposefully and in the next step it was done voluntarily and online. In order to collect data, Ozturk and Hammaci (2004) Cognitive Distortion Scale, Palutzian and Ellison (1983) Spiritual Health Scale and the researcher-made questionnaire of trust, patience and peaceful coexistence were used. Results: The results of the study using multivariate regression based on ANOVA test showed that trust, spiritual health and peaceful coexistence had a positive effect on reducing cognitive distortion. The results also showed that patience could not reduce cognitive distortion. Conclusion: As a result, in the social dimension, increasing trust and promoting empathetic coexistence in society and in the individual dimension, increasing spiritual health can be a basis for reducing cognitive distortion.
Research Paper
Sepideh Safiri Hassan Abadi; Sepide Safiri Hasanabadi; Mahmoud Reza shahsavari
Abstract
Objective: This paper is presented with the aim of confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of psychometric properties of Toronto Empathy Questionnaire and its adaptation to Persian language is presented. Method: The present paper is a descriptive, applied and correlational study and has been written ...
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Objective: This paper is presented with the aim of confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of psychometric properties of Toronto Empathy Questionnaire and its adaptation to Persian language is presented. Method: The present paper is a descriptive, applied and correlational study and has been written with the aim of development-psychometrics. the statistical population consisted of 400 students of Islamic Azad University of Garmsar which was selected by available sampling method. The data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. Results: the results were exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the questionnaire with an average reliability coefficient of 0.59 and a KMO of 0.702 had acceptable adequacy. This article is based on three different studies that the difference is in the number of constituent elements the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. A third study combines the first two studies, has consisted of a first-order general factor of empathy and five second-order factors. The fit indices obtained, indicate the appropriate fit of the model. The overall score reliability in Cronbach's alpha method is 0.92 and in the retesting method is 0.88, which are good reliability coefficients. Conclusion: Toronto Empathy Questionnaire was created to eliminate diversity in valuation in empathy components and create a single-component version with high psychometric characteristics, with 10 items and 96.58% explanation of empathy variance in Iranian student population, this questionnaire was confirmed.
Research Paper
habibeh khaton ghobadi; Tayebeh Sharifi; Ahmad Ghazanfari; Maryam Chorami
Abstract
Objective: Low self-efficacy and aggression are found in all cultures and are the most common kind of problems in students, which cause discomfort and distress in others; thus, they disrupt the mental health of the community. This study aims to investigate the comparison of effectiveness of ...
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Objective: Low self-efficacy and aggression are found in all cultures and are the most common kind of problems in students, which cause discomfort and distress in others; thus, they disrupt the mental health of the community. This study aims to investigate the comparison of effectiveness of group training anger management and psycho-social empowerment on aggression and social self-efficacy. Method: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up two month. The statistical population of this study included all the female students high school Tehran city to 125110 people were in year academic 2020-2021 and 90 female students by convenience sampling were considered as the sample size in two experimental groups and on group control (each group of 30 female students). The experimental groups underwent group training anger management and psycho-social empowerment (12 sessions 90 minutes in each training), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data aggression questionnaire and adolescents social self-efficacy scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). Results: The results of the study showed that both types of treatment in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on reducing aggression and increasing social self-efficacy of female high school students (P<0.05). In addition, the results showed that group anger management training was more effective than psycho-social empowerment group in reducing aggression and increasing social self-efficacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that, anger training anger management and psycho-social empowerment can be considered as a supportive and effective tool for reducing aggression and increasing social self-efficacy and used for adolescents in particular.
Research Paper
fereshte hassani; ahmad alipour; majid safarinia; alireza aghayosefi
Abstract
Objective: Stigma is a set of prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviors that makes the carrier of special label deprived of full social acceptance. The purpose of this study was study affiliate stigma in first and second degree relatives of people with disabilities. Method: The research design ...
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Objective: Stigma is a set of prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviors that makes the carrier of special label deprived of full social acceptance. The purpose of this study was study affiliate stigma in first and second degree relatives of people with disabilities. Method: The research design was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all first and second degree relatives of disabled people who were be served by the Welfare Organization or health centers of Mobarakeh city of Isfahan, and lived in this city in the fall of 2019. From this statistical population, 300 people were selected using purposive sampling. The Affiliate Stigma Scale developed by Chang et al. (2015) was used to assess stigma. Results: According to the results of the regression model; Familial degree, cause of disability and level of education significantly contributed to the prediction affiliate stigma. Conclusions: First-degree family relation, lower education level and congenital disability are related factors for increased risk for affiliate stigma.
Research Paper
elahe Memarian; Davood Manavipour; Mojtaba Sedaghati Fard
Abstract
Objective: Low self-efficacy and aggression are found in all cultures and are the most common kind of problems in students, which cause discomfort and distress in others; thus, they disrupt the mental health of the community. This study aims to investigate the comparison of effectiveness of group ...
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Objective: Low self-efficacy and aggression are found in all cultures and are the most common kind of problems in students, which cause discomfort and distress in others; thus, they disrupt the mental health of the community. This study aims to investigate the comparison of effectiveness of group training anger management and psycho-social empowerment on aggression and social self-efficacy. Method: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up two month. The statistical population of this study included all the female students high school Tehran city to 125110 people were in year academic 2020-2021 and 90 female students by convenience sampling were considered as the sample size in two experimental groups and on group control (each group of 30 female students). The experimental groups underwent group training anger management and psycho-social empowerment (12 sessions 90 minutes in each training), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data aggression questionnaire and adolescents social self-efficacy scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). Results: The results of the study showed that both types of treatment in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on reducing aggression and increasing social self-efficacy of female high school students (P<0.05). In addition, the results showed that group anger management training was more effective than psycho-social empowerment group in reducing aggression and increasing social self-efficacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that, anger training anger management and psycho-social empowerment can be considered as a supportive and effective tool for reducing aggression and increasing social self-efficacy and used for adolescents in particular.
