mozaffar ghaffari; Ali Mohammadzadeh; mahdih gheramifar
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to developing the structural models of social competence in high school girl students based on the positive emotions, psychological capital and body image. Method: The research method applied in this study was correlational and structural equation modeling. Statistical ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to developing the structural models of social competence in high school girl students based on the positive emotions, psychological capital and body image. Method: The research method applied in this study was correlational and structural equation modeling. Statistical population of this study was all secondary school students of Sabzevar in the academic year 2019-2020. The statistical sample was 200 female high school students that have been selected by cluster sampling. Watson, Clark and Telgen positive emotions questionnaire, Luthans and Luthans psychological capital questionnaire, Winsted and Janda body image questionnaire and Parandin social competence questionnaire were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, Bootstrap and Sobel tests using SPSS and Amos version 24. Results: The results indicated that positive emotions and body image in interaction with the role of psychological capital are involved in explaining the models of social competence in high school qirls, in which case the variance of social competence in high school qirls through variables of the model is explained by 37% in total. The direct effect of psychological capital (0.20), positive emotions (0.15) and body image (0.48) were significant in estimating social competence in student. Also, the results showed that the indirect effects of positive emotions (t-value = 1.9) and body image (t-value = 2.18) through conversation orientation on student's social competence were significant. Conclusion: Considering the direct and indirect effects of the exogenous and mediating variables social competence, it can be concluded that social competence can be increased by enhancing positive emotions, psychological capital and body image.
Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi; Hamidreza Samadifard
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 83-96
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of cognitive fusion, perception of social interaction and, cognitive avoidance components in the prediction of teachers’ job burnout. The research design was descriptive/correlational study. The population included all male teachers in Ardabil in 2015-2016, ...
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Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of cognitive fusion, perception of social interaction and, cognitive avoidance components in the prediction of teachers’ job burnout. The research design was descriptive/correlational study. The population included all male teachers in Ardabil in 2015-2016, of which 104 persons were selected as the statistical sample using the convenience sampling. For data collection, the Cognitive Fusion Scale (Gillanders, 2014), Perception of Social Interaction Scale (Glass, 1994), Cognitive Avoidance Scale (Sexton & Dugas, 2008) and Job Burnout Scale (Maslach & Jackson, 1981). Research data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods. The study results showed a significant relationship between cognitive fusion, perception of social interaction and cognitive avoidance with teachers job burnout. Multiple regression analysis showed that cognitive fusion 0.19, perception of social interaction -0.17 and cognitive avoidance components (thoughts repression 0.18, distractions 0.21, changing image to thought 0.19) significantly predict job burnout of the teachers (p
Ezatollah Kordmirza; Shiva Shams Zahraee
Abstract
Introduction: Stress management training with emphasis on thinking styles, as a multifaceted intervention that incorporates social cognitive components, can be considered as an effective stress intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on the thinking ...
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Introduction: Stress management training with emphasis on thinking styles, as a multifaceted intervention that incorporates social cognitive components, can be considered as an effective stress intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on the thinking style. Method: This study was quasi-experimental with pretest and post-test and control group. To do this, the community of Stock Exchange activists were considered as a population who exposed to stress, and the employees of Stock Exchange Company were selected as study samples. The research sample was selected in coordination with the management of the company and through the publication of a written call, and finally, 40 registered volunteers were randomly assigned in two groups (20 experimental and 20 control). The Sternberg and Wagner’s Thinking Styles Inventory (TSI) (1992) was used to measure thinking styles.According to the protocol, the experimental group were subjected to 18 stress management training sessions focusing on thinking style. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that stress management training program has been effective on all components of thinking styles (except royal and anarchist thinking styles).
Fatemeh Moein Alghoraee; Azam Nferesti; Samira Karamlu; Nima Ganji
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 91-104
Abstract
Introduction: Social cognition with components such as stereotypical thought and basic schemata has a critical role in social encryption and encoding. It also influences response and behavior in persons. The aim of the present study wass assessing the three components of social cognition in depressed ...
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Introduction: Social cognition with components such as stereotypical thought and basic schemata has a critical role in social encryption and encoding. It also influences response and behavior in persons. The aim of the present study wass assessing the three components of social cognition in depressed and healthy persons. Method: By using comparative method in the statistical society of depressed students in Tehran, a sample of 60 visitors to the counseling center of the University with eligibility to participate in research was selected by using purposive sampling. Another 60 subjects were selected for the healthy group. Data was collected using Attribution Style Scale, Maladaptive Schemata, Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaires and Beck Depression Scale. Results: Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences in attribution style, maladaptive schemata and dysfunctional attitudes between healthy and depressed groups. Conclusion: Disrupted social cognition components are clear in depressed people; therefore, it seems necessary to consider them for therapy process.
Morteza Tarkhan
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 94-106
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapies (MBCT) on loneliness feeling and shyness of students. Method: The research method was quasi experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. Data was collected using Rasell et al Loneliness Questionnaire ...
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Aim: This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapies (MBCT) on loneliness feeling and shyness of students. Method: The research method was quasi experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. Data was collected using Rasell et al Loneliness Questionnaire and Stanford Shyness Questionnaire. A total number of 30 female students with high loneliness feeling and shyness were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control group (15 students in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of MBCT based on Segal and et al's (2002) instruction package; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. After the MBCT execution, loneliness feeling and shyness of the control and experimental group students were measured again. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Covariance Analysis (MANCOVA). Results: Calculated F for original hypotheses (18/11) and all the separate variables showed significant differences in both groups (P
Sohrab Amiri
Abstract
Introduction:This study examined the utilitarianism in personal and impersonal moral judgments based on moral cognition and moral identity according to gender differences. Method: For this purpose, 303 adolescents were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Then, to evaluate the objectives and hypotheses, ...
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Introduction:This study examined the utilitarianism in personal and impersonal moral judgments based on moral cognition and moral identity according to gender differences. Method: For this purpose, 303 adolescents were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Then, to evaluate the objectives and hypotheses, the moral identity, moral cognition scale and personality and impersonal moral stories were distributed in small groups among the participants to respond. Collected data to evaluate the purpose of the study were analyzed using the descriptive, correlational, multiple regression analysis, and independent t-test. Results: Results showed that high scores on moral identity was associated with lower utilitarianism on personal moral judgment; however, the relationship between moral identity and impersonal moral judgment was not significant. High moral cognition led to lower utilitarianism in personal and impersonal moral judgments. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between moral identity and moral cognition. Conclusion: It seems cognitive processes involved in personal and impersonal moral judgments might lead to the utilitarian judgments.
koroush soleimani; Faramarz Sohrabi; Mehdi Kalantari
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mental fatigue and situational awareness on the cognitive performance of Iranian airline pilots according to the moderating role of sources of stress. Method: The method of the present study was correlation and the statistical population ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mental fatigue and situational awareness on the cognitive performance of Iranian airline pilots according to the moderating role of sources of stress. Method: The method of the present study was correlation and the statistical population of all male civilian pilots working in Iranian airlines in 2019. 320 pilots participated in the analysis using the convenience sampling method as the main sample. Participants responded to a Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Situational Awareness Rating Technique, and Occupational Stress Inventory, and their cognitive performance was assessed based on simulation environment data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, Bootstrap test and interactive effects diagram. Results: The results showed that stress can moderate the effect of mental fatigue on pilot decision-making performance and the effect of situational awareness on executive attention performance. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that mental fatigue, situational awareness and sources of stress can interact to predict the cognitive performance of Iranian Airlines pilots.
Psychology
Zahra Motlagh; MAHDI KHANJANI; Faramarz Sohrabi
Abstract
Empathy is one of the components of improving interpersonal interactions that originates from childhood experiences during caregiver-child interactions. Base on this fact, it is reasonable to consider positive and negative childhood experiences as a determining factor in the formation of people's empathy ...
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Empathy is one of the components of improving interpersonal interactions that originates from childhood experiences during caregiver-child interactions. Base on this fact, it is reasonable to consider positive and negative childhood experiences as a determining factor in the formation of people's empathy capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and cognitive and emotional empathy, considering the mediating role of self-compassion .For this purpose, in a descriptive and correlational research, 240 students of different faculties of Allameh Tabataba’i University of Tehran were selected by proportional sampling process. Data were collected by childhood trauma questionnaire, empathy questionnaire and self-compassion scale and by using structural equation modeling and path analysis were analyzed.The findings of the research showed that there is no relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and emotional empathy regarding the mediating role of self-compassion; whereas, childhood traumatic experiences through self-compassion can affect cognitive empathy. Also, childhood emotional and physical traumatic experiences through self-compassion can affect empathy; however, due to dysfunctional emotion regulation mechanisms there is no relationship between the childhood sexual traumatic experiences and empathy, regarding to the mediating role of self-compassion. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the proposed model explains the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and cognitive and emotional empathy by considering the role of self-compassion.
Ahmad Abedi; Abdol Hossein Shamsi; Ahmad Yar Mohamadian; Amir Ghomrani; Maryam Samadi
Volume 2, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 54-61
Abstract
Introduction: One of the updated cognitive models in the domain of interaction between individuals is cognitive model of social information processing. Through successful social interaction, this model has been able to assess the causes and prevention of Emotional- behavior problems in children and adolescents. ...
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Introduction: One of the updated cognitive models in the domain of interaction between individuals is cognitive model of social information processing. Through successful social interaction, this model has been able to assess the causes and prevention of Emotional- behavior problems in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was assessing the relationship between social information processing model and oppositional defiant symptoms in elementary students. Method: The method used in this study was descriptive and Correlational. The samples used in this study were 100 elementary students that were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling from different areas of the Isfahan. Research tools included Behavior Problems Inventory Achenbach and Social stories Brayan and Turkasya. Multivariate regression (stepwise) was used to analyze the data. Findings: Stepwise regression analysis showed that in the first step of interpreting, 46% of the variance of problem of defiant and in second step, 49% of the variance of problem of defiant are predicted. Conclusion: Based on the results, the model of social information processing can predict oppositional defiant symptoms. In other words, students who have obtained lower scores in social information processing showed a higher rate of oppositional defiant symptoms. Overall, the results of this research, confirmed efficiency of Social information processing model in predicting oppositional defiant symptoms.
Davood Manavipour
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 59-65
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the epistemology beliefs of students based on gender, educational levels, and disciplines. Method: The population included all the students of district 10 of Azad University who were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The research instrument was ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the epistemology beliefs of students based on gender, educational levels, and disciplines. Method: The population included all the students of district 10 of Azad University who were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The research instrument was Schommer’s epistemology belief questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the students of different disciplines have significant differences in simple epistemology beliefs and stable knowledge, but they do not have significant differences in other dimensions. The comparison of Epistemology belief based on educational level showed that except for simplicity of knowledge and awareness of everything, the other aspects are significantly different. The comparison of the two genders showed that girls believe in stability of knowledge more than males. But there was no difference in other dimensions. Conclusion: based on the results, the epistemological beliefs can be considered as one of the processes of social cognition.
Ali Mstafaee; Akbar Rezaei; Maryam Goran
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to standardize and evaluate the validity of the Barnett and Fanshav’s High School Stress Scale (HSSS) (1997). Method:This research was descriptive-survey in terms of method and was considered in the field of developmental research in terms of purpose. To perform ...
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Introduction: The present study aimed to standardize and evaluate the validity of the Barnett and Fanshav’s High School Stress Scale (HSSS) (1997). Method:This research was descriptive-survey in terms of method and was considered in the field of developmental research in terms of purpose. To perform the research, high school stress scale was carried out on 445 high school students, and Goldberg and Hiller’s general health questionnaire (1979) was administered to 150 male and female high school students who were selected through multistage cluster sampling. In order to determine the factorial validity, factor analysis was used and to verify the internal consistency,Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was used. Results: The results showed that the test consists of nine subscales. Subscales consists of stress education including teaching methods, teacher-student relations, the workload of school, vulnerabilityfeelings, personal organizing, school environment, achieving independence, anxiety about the future, and communication with parents.To check the convergent validity, General Health Questionnaire was used. The results showed the convergent validity fortwo tests. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the High School Stress Scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring high school students' stress.
Karim Savari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 62-68
Abstract
Aims: This study investigated the prevalence of academic procrastination among male and female students of Ahwaz Payame Noor University in the first semester of 1387 – 1388 academic year. Method: From among the 1200 students, 155 boys and 1045 girls were selected randomly as the subjects ...
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Aims: This study investigated the prevalence of academic procrastination among male and female students of Ahwaz Payame Noor University in the first semester of 1387 – 1388 academic year. Method: From among the 1200 students, 155 boys and 1045 girls were selected randomly as the subjects of the study. To collect the data, a questionnaire made by the researcher which consisted of 14 questions was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results and conclusion: The results indicated that the rate of academic procrastination is 17.2 among the Payam-Noor students of Ahvaz. Moreover, the rate of academic procrastination among male students, was 17.8 which was more than the female students, 17.03; however, the difference was not significant.
Alireza Aghayoosefi; Hossein Zare; Maryam Zare; farhad shaghaghi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2015, , Pages 67-81
Abstract
Introduction: Identifying the aspects and components of cognitive dissonance, especially personality and decision making, can not only increase the application of psychology in other aspects of humanities but also help experts in politics and advertisement industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate ...
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Introduction: Identifying the aspects and components of cognitive dissonance, especially personality and decision making, can not only increase the application of psychology in other aspects of humanities but also help experts in politics and advertisement industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between decision making styles and physiological components of cognitive dissonance. Method: To do this, 130 students of Elmi-Karbordi University of Safadasht were invited to complete Scott and Bruce Decision-Making Styles Questionnaire. Before and after distributing the questionnaires, their physiological conditions were receded. To create cognitive dissonance they were asked to write about the reduction of interest in a favorite character who ignores a child. Then, they were asked to write about reducing the amount of budget devoted to orphanages by welfare organization. Data analysis was conducted through regression. Results: The results showed the positive relationship between avoidant and dependant decision making styles and negative relationship between logical and intuitive decision making styles with cognitive dissonance; among them, avoidant style had the strongest relationship. Intuitive style predicted reduction in blood pressure and logical style predicted increase in heart beat rates and decrease in blood pressure. Avoidant and dependant styles predicted all of the physiological components. Conclusion: Decision making styles predict physiological components of cognitive dissonance.
Psychology
Sahere Fazeli; yadola Zargar; Iran Davoudi; seyed Esmaeil Hashemi
Abstract
Introduction: Vaccines play a critical role in preventing deaths caused by infectious diseases. This study aimed to predict COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Based on Personality traits, Self-care Behaviors, and Social capital. Methods: The present study is a descriptive and correlational study, which was ...
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Introduction: Vaccines play a critical role in preventing deaths caused by infectious diseases. This study aimed to predict COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Based on Personality traits, Self-care Behaviors, and Social capital. Methods: The present study is a descriptive and correlational study, which was conducted by office staff in the Ahvaz education organization using an available method. The questionnaires were completed online in the fall of 1400 and the number of people present in this research is 169 people. Were used to collect data from Hexaco 60 questionnaires (Ashton and Lee, 2004), Social capital (Putnam, 2000), self-care behaviors (Pouyanfard, 2020), and a short researcher-made questionnaire (Corona vaccine acceptance). Results: The results of data analyses showed that personality traits (consciousness and neuroticism), Self-care Behaviors, and social capital are the best predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance. Conclusion: According to the findings, designing programs to increase the vaccination rate and appropriate psychological strategies and techniques is essential to enhancing the responsibility of the community in terms of trust in vaccination and strengthening the behavior of participating in people.
Cognitive psycholog
Fahime Ghadrian; Susan Alizade Fard; Khatere Borhani
Abstract
Introduction: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of uncertainty about others on conformity to prosocial behavior and the moderating role of gender and need for closure. Method: The statistical population of this study included men and women aged 20 to 40, which 120 subjects ...
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Introduction: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of uncertainty about others on conformity to prosocial behavior and the moderating role of gender and need for closure. Method: The statistical population of this study included men and women aged 20 to 40, which 120 subjects were selected through available sampling. A computer-based task in the form of a profitable game was designed using the Psychopy software to assess the prosocial behavior of the participants in different conditions of ambiguous stimulus exposure. Also, a short form of the Need for Closure Questionnaire by Reiss and Pilati (2020) was employed. The data were modeled using mixed models' methods in the R software. Results: In the modeling of the results of the research, the most favorable model showed that exposure to an ambiguous stimulus with a coefficient of 0.84 and the variable of the need to be closure with a coefficient of 0.54 led to an increase in conformity behavior in conformity of prosocial behavior. and the need to closure has a moderating role. Also, gender was not included in the optimal model and its effect was not significant. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that exposure to ambiguous conditions causes an increase in conformity of prosocial behavior and that the need for closure has a positive role in this effect; however, gender does not play a role in this effect.
mojgan sepahmansour; Ali Shaker dolagh; Mohammad Mehdi Jahangiri
Volume 2, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 69-75
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of social anxiety and positive and negative affects with science persuasion in registrar. Method: This correlation study enrolled 230 registrars consisting of 115 man and 115 women who lived in Ardebil city. To collect the data, ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of social anxiety and positive and negative affects with science persuasion in registrar. Method: This correlation study enrolled 230 registrars consisting of 115 man and 115 women who lived in Ardebil city. To collect the data, Social Interaction Anxiety, Scale Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, persuasion- IQ questionnaire were employed. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and step-by-step regression. Finding: Results showed that there is a negative correlation between social anxiety and negative affect with science persuasion.However, there is a positive correlation between positive and negative affects with science persuasion. Furthermore, we showed that positive affect explain roughly 8 percent science persuasion of variance.
Babak Bahreinipour; Yadollah zargar; Amin Koraei
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aims to predict the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine based on death anxiety, social capital, and superstition. Method: The research population included all the people who were eligible to receive the vaccine in the summer and fall of 1400, out of which there were 150 ...
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Introduction: The present study aims to predict the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine based on death anxiety, social capital, and superstition. Method: The research population included all the people who were eligible to receive the vaccine in the summer and fall of 1400, out of which there were 150 people in two groups including people over 18 years of age who were willing to receive various types of Covid- 19 vaccines (75 people) and the people who did not want to accept it (75 people) were selected as the research sample using the purposeful sampling method. The participants were asked to respond to Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970), Delaware's Social Capital Questionnaire (1384), and Azizkhani's Superstition Tendency Questionnaire (1392). In addition to descriptive statistics, discriminant analysis was used for data analysis. Findings: The results obtained with the simultaneous discriminant analysis method confirmed the research hypothesis of predicting the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine based on death anxiety, social capital and superstition (prediction coefficient equal to 0.65). Also, the results of the discriminant analysis with the step-by-step method showed that the two variables of social capital, and superstition are the strongest predictors of accepting or not accepting the Covid-19 vaccine (prediction coefficient equal to 0.64). Conclusion: The results indicate the predictive role of all three variables of death anxiety, social capital, and superstition in accepting or rejecting the Covid-19 vaccine, which plays an important role in improving the health of society. The findings were discussed in detail.
social Psychology
Nikoo Norozi; Ensiyeh Babaee
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of family functioning and loneliness in predicting the tendency to become addicted to Internet among high school girls with working parents. Method: The statistical population included all high school female students in the academic year ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of family functioning and loneliness in predicting the tendency to become addicted to Internet among high school girls with working parents. Method: The statistical population included all high school female students in the academic year of 1400-1401 in Hersin city with working parents, from which 162 people were selected based on the Karjesi-Morgan table by random cluster sampling. Internet addiction questionnaires by Young (1996), Russell, Pilova, and Ferguson (1978) and family functioning questionnaires by Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishab (1950) were used to collect data. Findings: Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The obtained results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between family functioning and the tendency to become addicted to Internet. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between the feeling of loneliness and the tendency to be addicted to Internet (p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that family function 0.314 and feeling alone 0.348 significantly predicted the variance of addiction to Internet (p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that the variables of family functioning and loneliness have a decisive role in the tendency to become addicted to Internet.
Mohsen Golparvar; Zahra Javadian; Zahra Vaseghi; Mohammad Reza Mosaheb; Zohre Esmailian Ardestani
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 73-86
Abstract
Introduction: This study was administered with the aim of studying the interactional role of perceived organizational justice dimensions on retaliatory behaviors. Method: The research statistical population was 800 male employees of some industrial companies in Isfahan city, from among them 275 were ...
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Introduction: This study was administered with the aim of studying the interactional role of perceived organizational justice dimensions on retaliatory behaviors. Method: The research statistical population was 800 male employees of some industrial companies in Isfahan city, from among them 275 were selected by convenience sampling. Research instruments consisted of distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice questionnaires (Golparvar & Nadi, 2010) and organizational retaliatory behaviors questionnaire (Skarlicki & Folger, 1997). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and moderated hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The results revealed that interactional and procedural justice moderate the relationship between distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory from the colleagues and from the time; however, they do not moderate the relationship between distributive justice and retaliation from the facilities. The results also showed that in low procedural and interactional justice, there is stronger relationship between distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time. That is, with increase of perceived distributive justice, tendency to verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time has decreased. Conclusion: Evidences from current research revealed that the levels of procedural and interactional justice are important for relating distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time.
Mahdye Rahmanian; Maryam Zamani; Nahid Noriyan; sayeed Karinnejad
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 76-88
Abstract
Introduction: People’s perception about the world they live in is one of the abilities that can influence their decisions or actions in different situations. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the factors that could affect people’s perception. Method: To do so, 64 students ...
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Introduction: People’s perception about the world they live in is one of the abilities that can influence their decisions or actions in different situations. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the factors that could affect people’s perception. Method: To do so, 64 students of Payame Noor University were selected using random sampling method. After answering the Personality and Critical Thinking Questionnaires, the subjects watched a film which included a fixed dialogue performed in 4 different situations for 5 minutes. Then, based on the film, they responded to a questionnaire. Results: The findings showed that there is no significant relationship between personality traits and critical thinking. However, there were significant relationships between some personality traits and situation elements. In addition, three cognitive abilities including inductive thinking, evaluation and deduction were associated with the location shown in the film. Finally, the results indicated the significant correlation between thinking with location and people’s perception. Conclusion: This research showed that thinking is essential for perception. In addition, through transferring its elements as information units as well as interfering in the type of employed cognitive ability, situational context affects people's type of conception
Sahnaz Nohi; Hamidreza Hatami; Masoud Janbozorgi; Asraf Sadat Banijamali
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 77-90
Abstract
Introduction: Parenting styles of parents, have important roles in children's physical and psychological health. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of combined parenting Education (biological-social) to Mothers on perceived self–efficacy of overweight children. Method: The ...
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Introduction: Parenting styles of parents, have important roles in children's physical and psychological health. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of combined parenting Education (biological-social) to Mothers on perceived self–efficacy of overweight children. Method: The method was quasi- experimental. The studied population included all overweight boy elementary school students (Region Two and Five in Tehran) with their mothers. Overall 50 mothers with their children selected Through available sampling. finally, due to the drop of 2 subjects, 48 people remained in the study and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups consist of 24 people. The experimental group trained, 90 minutes sessions weekly for 2.5 months (10 sessions) and control group received no intervention. Prior to and after Training, all participant completed demographic information questionnaire, Children completed perceived self- efficacy questionnaire too and their BMI were measured. Findings: Data analysis with Ancova and Mancova showed that Parenting education improves the perceived self-efficacy scores in the experimental group compared with the control group (P
Fateme Dehghan; Kamran Yazdanbash; Khodamorad Momany
Volume 3, special , March 2015, , Pages 83-96
Abstract
Introduction: Theory of mind is one of the most important topics in social cognition, and since it is a prerequisite to understand the social environment and involvement in competitive social behavior in recent decades, it has been considered in the field of psychology. Therefore, the main purpose of ...
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Introduction: Theory of mind is one of the most important topics in social cognition, and since it is a prerequisite to understand the social environment and involvement in competitive social behavior in recent decades, it has been considered in the field of psychology. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills training on enhancing children's theory of mind. Method: The study was an experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The population consisted of all normal 8-9 years female students in Kermanshah. In this regard, 30 students were selected by cluster and random sampling and were randomly assignment to experimental and control groups. Theory of mind scale as a test of 38 questions was used to obtain the data. The experimental group was trained in communication skills during seven sessions of treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (covariance). Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in terms of theory of mind (p
Mercedeh Norouzi; Firoozeh Sepehrian Azar
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 83-99
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the Theory of Mind, the Concept of God, and the Concept of homeland among nursery and preschool children with different parenting styles. Method: This research was a post-event descriptive study. The statistical population included kindergarten ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the Theory of Mind, the Concept of God, and the Concept of homeland among nursery and preschool children with different parenting styles. Method: This research was a post-event descriptive study. The statistical population included kindergarten and pre-school children in Tehran. The 51 children, who were between 3.5 to 6 years old, were selected by convenience sampling. Then they were classified into three groups based on their parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative and permissive. Theory of mind was measured by games for all the participants; God's image was measured through drawings and descriptions of God, and the cognitive concept of homeland through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The results showed that the number of children who achieved the theory of mind in families with authoritative parenting style was more than their counterparts in other families. The results also indicated that the kind image of God in children with authoritarian parenting is lower than the other two groups. Finally, there was no significant relationship between the concept of homeland and methods of parenting. Conclusion: Based on the results, we can say that authoritative parenting style influences the formation of the theory of mind and the kind image of God.
Elham Rezaeifar; mojgan sepahmansour; roya kochakentezar; shirin kooshki
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing Marital Stability Model based on Personality Characteristics and Perceived Stress mediating by problem solving styles. Method: To do the research, 500 married women in Tehran City were selected through Loehlin (2004) method using ...
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Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing Marital Stability Model based on Personality Characteristics and Perceived Stress mediating by problem solving styles. Method: To do the research, 500 married women in Tehran City were selected through Loehlin (2004) method using available sampling method. To measure the study variables, Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein, 1983), Marital Instability Index (Edwards, Johnson & Booth, 1987), the short form of NEO Personality Five- Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985), and Problem- Solving Style (Cassidy & Long, 1996) were used. The study was based on structural equation modeling, specifically, the regression equations. Results: The findings showed that Personality Characteristics and Perceived Stress Mediating by problem Solving styles had an indirect effect on Marital Stability. Conclusion: The fit indices showed that the proposed model in the study has a good fit with the data gathered from married women and a close relationship with the theoretical assumptions.
Fatemeh Hamzavi Abedi; Fatemeh Bagherian; Mohammad Ali Mazaheri
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 84-96
Abstract
Aims: People’s understanding of their social world has a significant impact on their behavior. Their perception of their role in society and social expectations of them are important parts of this understanding. This study investigated young -18 to 25 year old- women’s perception of femininity ...
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Aims: People’s understanding of their social world has a significant impact on their behavior. Their perception of their role in society and social expectations of them are important parts of this understanding. This study investigated young -18 to 25 year old- women’s perception of femininity and the social expectations related to it. Method: The study used descriptive design and availability sampling. Forty-five female students from Fars, Turk, and Kurd ethnicities participated voluntarily in this explorative study. Seven focus groups, each consisting of 6-8 participants discussed femininity, social expectations from women, and their experiences in this regard. Results: Content analysis of focus groups discussions revealed 8 themes in young women’s perception of feminine norms. The most important of these themes were success-directedness especially in education on one hand and chastity on the other hand. Conclusion: The findings revealed that there are notable similarities between young Iranian women’s perception of feminine norms with those of young women from other cultures. On the other hand, norms such as chastity, religiousness, and respect for elders are among themes that distinguish our findings from western studies’ results.
