pegah Nejat; Javad Hatami
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 11-22
Abstract
Aims: Social cognition is divided into implicit and explicit arenas. Gawronski and Bodenhausen (2006)’s Associative-Propositional Evaluation model predicts that during the translation of a particular cognition from implicit to explicit, consistency of this specific implicit cognition with explicit ...
Read More
Aims: Social cognition is divided into implicit and explicit arenas. Gawronski and Bodenhausen (2006)’s Associative-Propositional Evaluation model predicts that during the translation of a particular cognition from implicit to explicit, consistency of this specific implicit cognition with explicit versions of other cognitions is examined and the more consistency is found, the less necessity will be to modify this cognition, and therefore, the resulting explicit version will have a stronger relationship with its original implicit version. This study aimed to test this hypothesis in the context of three cognitions of gender identity, major identity, and gender-major stereotype. In addition, investigation of the moderating role of consistency with other implicit cognitions in the implicit-explicit relationship was pursued as an exploratory objective. Method: One hundred and ninety-two undergraduate students from two universities in Tehran (half humanities and half math-engineering, half female and half male) participated in this correlational study. The three cognitions were measured both indirectly using Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee & Schwartz, 1998), and directly using Likert questions. For each cognition, hierarchical regression analyses were applied to test the moderating role of cognitive consistency. Results: Neither consistency with other explicit cognitions nor consistency with other implicit cognitions significantly moderated the relationship between implicit and explicit versions of either gender identity or major identity. In case of stereotype, whereas consistency with other explicit cognitions was not a significant moderator, consistency with other implicit cognitions was marginally significant. Conclusion: Gawronski & Bodenhausen (2006)’s theory was not confirmed for any of the three cognitions. As for the stereotype, the results indicated that two processes other than the one depicted in this theory might be involved in the construction of explicit stereotype: one process based on the other explicit cognitions, and the other based on the consistency between the three cognitions in the implicit arena.
Masoumeh Tadris tabrizi; Majid Saffarini; Mahnaz Ali Akbari; Ahmad Alipour
Abstract
Introduction: This research was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between the gender role of androgyny and women's sexual function through the mediation of social exchange styles. Methods: The present study was a correlational descriptive study. The statistical population included all ...
Read More
Introduction: This research was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between the gender role of androgyny and women's sexual function through the mediation of social exchange styles. Methods: The present study was a correlational descriptive study. The statistical population included all married women who lived in Tehran, through an online invitation, Bem's gender roles scale (1981), women's sexual function scale (Rosen et al., 2000) and Social Exchange Styles Scale (Leybman etai., 2011) were used as tools. Results: The results showed that sexual function has a significant negative relationship with the Benefit-seeking exchange style and a significant positive relationship with the overinvestment exchange style. Also, there is a negative and significant correlation between the gender role of androgyny, with the exchange styles of Benefit-seeking and overinvestment. Also, the fit indices indicate the good fit of the proposed model with the data. The results of the bootstrap test also showed that the Benefit-seekingexchange style (β=0.300) and the overinvestment exchange style (β=-0.280) have a significant mediating role in the relationship between the androgynous gender pattern and sexual performance. Conclusion: According to the results, in order to improve sexual performance, attention should be paid to social exchange styles.The findings of the pr esent study provide a useful framework for identifying the influential components in the field of social psychology in women's sexual function that should be considered in in research and clinical interventions programs.
Mahmoud Kamali Zarch; Hossein Zare; Somayeh Alavi Langeroudi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 14-31
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed at investigating the effect of critical thinking instruction on epistemological beliefs of B.A students of Yazd university in 2011-12 academic year. Method: The study was conducted by experimental method. The statistical population included 11052 B.A students of Yazd ...
Read More
Aims: This study aimed at investigating the effect of critical thinking instruction on epistemological beliefs of B.A students of Yazd university in 2011-12 academic year. Method: The study was conducted by experimental method. The statistical population included 11052 B.A students of Yazd University. The sampling was conducted using random method of stage cluster sampling. The students were divided into the experimental and control groups randomly. The research instruments were Schomer's epistemological beliefs questionnaire (1992) and critical thinking training protocol. in six session longs two hours based on Paul(1984), Fisher(2005) and Mayers (1986) the treatment took six sessions of two hours long. Descriptive statistical indexes and analysis of covariance test were applied to test the research hypotheses. Results and conclusion: The results showed that the instruction of critical thinking enhanced epistemological beliefs of the experimental group more than the control group. Also in subscale levels of epistemological beliefs questionnaire, the statistical results showed that the instruction increased epistemological beliefs of students in: innate learning ability, the simplicity of epistemology, the determinism of epistemology and rapid learning. However, the results did not show a significance difference between males and females.
mohammad Ali nazari; mehdi zamani asl; mohammad ahmadi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 16-29
Abstract
Introduction: Based on Mood-congruency hypothesis and Bower theory, individuals selectively process pleasant and unpleasant emotional information. The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of learned helplessness on the retrieval of unpleasant memory in individuals that are ...
Read More
Introduction: Based on Mood-congruency hypothesis and Bower theory, individuals selectively process pleasant and unpleasant emotional information. The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of learned helplessness on the retrieval of unpleasant memory in individuals that are exposed to recurrent failure to solve problem. Method: Forty-five participants (20 males and 25 females) took part in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: experimental, control, and waiting. To begin with, the Persian version of the Carver and White's BIS/BAS scale (1994), Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) test, and Attributional style questionnaire (ASQ), were filled out by the participants. For all subjects, emotional words were presented for memorization. Then, participants in the experimental and control groups received the same problems. Participants in the experimental group received response-noncontingent feedback for their performance, the control group did not receive any feedback and the waiting group did not respond to any problem. Reaction time (RT), response bias (ß) and sensitivity (d') for emotional word recognition was calculated using signal detection theory. Results: No significant differences were observed for reaction time. However, response bias (ß) and sensitivity (d') were different in the three groups. Conclusion: The results indicated that individuals who had exposure to learned helplessness, used more liberal strategy for negative word recognition.
Samira Hasanzadeh; Hossein Zare
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation in improving visual response control and everyday memory among patients with ischemic stroke. For this purpose, 20 patients with ischemic stroke (with an average age of 38 to 73 years) were selected by the ...
Read More
The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation in improving visual response control and everyday memory among patients with ischemic stroke. For this purpose, 20 patients with ischemic stroke (with an average age of 38 to 73 years) were selected by the available sampling method then they were assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups. Cognitive assessment of patients, including pre-intervention, evaluation immediately after the intervention and three months after intervention using Sunderland everyday memory Questionnaire (1983) and IVA+Plus (2015) (Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance) Test was done. The experimental group received 15 sessions for 20 minutes with a current of 2 mA Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) for four weeks, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measure. According to the findings, treatment of transcranial direct current stimulation has had a positive effect on improving the cognitive functions such as everyday memory and visual response control of patients with ischemic stroke in the experimental group . also obtained these results at the follow-up stage, which was 3 months after the intervention. (p<0/05). Therefore, this study has provided evidence for the effectiveness of a transcranial direct current stimulation program (TDCS) on everyday memory and visual response control in patients with ischemic stroke, which can improve memory and visual response control in this category of patients and can have a positive effect on the cognitive performance of patients.
Ali poladi Rishehri; seyed mousa golestaneh
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of active/ deactive positive affect and active/deactive negative affect with social loafing and positive group interaction. Methods: The research method that used in this study was to the correlation and structural equation modeling. ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of active/ deactive positive affect and active/deactive negative affect with social loafing and positive group interaction. Methods: The research method that used in this study was to the correlation and structural equation modeling. the statistical sample was included all fifth and sixth grade female student in 1392 year, Bushehr city , that Have been selected 250 girl through a multi-stage randomly sampling . Instrument used in this study was included a Linnenbrink and Garcia، positive and negative affect questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the relationship between deactive positive affect and social loafing and positive group interaction was significant. Also, the relationship between active positive affect and social loafing was significant, the relationship between active positive affect and positive group interaction was not significant, and the relationship between active negative affect and positive group interaction was significant. Moreover, the relationship between deactive negative affect and social loafing and positive group interaction was not significant. In sum, the proposed research model was good fitness the data.
Gholam Hossein Javanmard
Volume 2, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 18-24
Abstract
Introduction: Religious beliefs have an important effect on psychological and social life. Most of these beliefs are transferred from parents to children. Method: in this descriptive - cross sectional research, 260 male and female students of universities selected by multi-stage random sampling and they ...
Read More
Introduction: Religious beliefs have an important effect on psychological and social life. Most of these beliefs are transferred from parents to children. Method: in this descriptive - cross sectional research, 260 male and female students of universities selected by multi-stage random sampling and they and their parents completed the Mabade-2 questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, t-test and multiple regression analysis methods. Finding: Results showed that there were significant relationship between the practice of religious beliefs of children and their mothers (r = 0.31, p Conclusions: Parents religiosity and the practices of religious beliefs have influence on children religiosity and their practices of religious beliefs.
Hossein Zare; Farank Bidabad
Volume 2, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 19-33
Abstract
memory is studied as an individual subject, though we know that the social aspects of human life affect not only our obvious behaviors but also our cognitive capacities such as the memory and learning processes. The study of the learning process in a bilateral relationship via the comparison of main ...
Read More
memory is studied as an individual subject, though we know that the social aspects of human life affect not only our obvious behaviors but also our cognitive capacities such as the memory and learning processes. The study of the learning process in a bilateral relationship via the comparison of main goal of this research. Methods In this experimental research 166 elementary school students were involved in 4 groups and 8 tests. Each group was asked to rehearse a serial of words in one of the 4 possible ways (maintenance, elaborative, action and verbal rehearsal) for themselves and for others. After 48 hours a free reminder test was performed. The results were analyzed by T test and variance analysis. Results This study showed that 1) the recall rate is significantly higher in action and maintenance rehearsal compared to elaborative and verbal.2) Under time pressure, elaborative rehearsal shows a significant recall decrease compared to maintenance rehearsal. 3) The recall rate is significantly higher in elaborative rehearsal for others versus for own. Conclusions Time pressure reduces the function of elaborative rehearsal as it needs sufficient time and mental resources and for the same reason rehearsal for others increases the function of elaborative rehearsal through the increase of processing depth.
Hossin Mohaghegi; mohammad reza zoghi paidar; abolghasem yaghoobi; mosaieb yarmohammadi vasel; serwa mohammadzadeh
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 20-34
Abstract
Introduction: Social perspective-taking is one of the essential skills for social relationships and is rooted in cognitive abilities. There is no scale to measure this skill exclusively and the available tools only measure social perspective-taking as a sub-scale. One of the major barriers to basic research ...
Read More
Introduction: Social perspective-taking is one of the essential skills for social relationships and is rooted in cognitive abilities. There is no scale to measure this skill exclusively and the available tools only measure social perspective-taking as a sub-scale. One of the major barriers to basic research in psychology fields is lack of standardized tests; therefore, the main aim of this study was introducing the social perspective taking and the codification and validation of its scale. Method: To accomplish the aims, 750 undergraduate students of Kurdistan province filled out the researcher made questionnaire of Social Perspective Taking. They also filled out The Oxford Happiness Scale and Beck Anxiety scale for assessing the discriminate validity. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation coefficient, Cronbach alpha and factor analysis. Results: The results showed that there is significant positive relationship between happiness and social perspective taking and significant negative relationship between anxiety and social perspective taking. These results indicated the concurrent validity of the scale. Also, reliability of the social perspective taking scale measured by Cronbach alpha was 0/78. Factor analysis of social perspective taking extracted 4 factors including: cognitive prediction of others, understanding others perspective, put him/herself on others place, and respecting differences. Conclusion: Preliminary estimates showed that the Social Perspective Taking Scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing social perspective-taking skills.
Mahdi Gharibpour; Bahman Akbari; Abbas Abolghasemi
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of anger management and emotion regulation training programs on social cognition of prisoners suffering from intermittent anger explosive disorder. Method: The research method is semi experimental. The sample consisted of ...
Read More
Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of anger management and emotion regulation training programs on social cognition of prisoners suffering from intermittent anger explosive disorder. Method: The research method is semi experimental. The sample consisted of 54 prisoners with intermittent rage explosive disorder who were identified by using Kokaro et al.’s Intermittent Explosive Anger Disorder Questionnaire and clinical interview amongst the prisoners of Rasht city and then assigned to three groups of anger management training, emotional regulation training and control group (18 people in each group). The first group was given anger management training, and emotion regulation training was applied to the second group, and the control group did not receive any training. Results: The Results of study showed that anger management and emotion regulation training programs were significantly effective in improving suitable social response and direct and communicative aggressive response (p>0/05). The results also showed that anger management training was more effective in improving the suitable social response and direct and communicative aggressive response compared to emotional regulation training program. Conclusion: These findings suggest that anger management training and emotional regulation training can be used as alternative methods to improve the quality of life and social recognition of prisoners with intermittent rage explosive disorder.
Farzaneh Ranjbar Noushari; Sajjad Basharpoor; Nader Hajloo; Mohammad Narimani
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 21-38
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychology intervention and integrative training of emotional competencies on social, emotional and psychological well-being. Method: This study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. ...
Read More
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychology intervention and integrative training of emotional competencies on social, emotional and psychological well-being. Method: This study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The sample of the study included female students at Payame Noor University in Rezvanshahr. The participants were 51 persons who had overweight and were randomly divided into two experimental and one control groups (17 persons in each group). The data were collected through the Well-being Inventory. The positive psychology intervention was conducted during 14 sessions and integrative training of emotional competencies was conducted during 12 sessions in the experimental groups, while the control group did not receive any treatment.. Results: The results showed that both interventions had a positive effect on the improvement of well-being and its componenets and no change occurred in the control group during the process of assessment. However, the positive psychology intervention was more effective than the other intervention on social, psychological, and global well-being. The integrative training of emotional competencies was more effective on emotional well- being. Conclusion: These interventions might be effective for enhancing the well-being in overweight persons.
Zahra Karimyan; Afsane Sahbazi Rad; Maral Hagigh Kermanshahi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 22-34
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was comparing the social cognition of 5-7 years old girls of families with one child versus families with more than one child in Isfahan city. Method: The study was causal-comparative type and the statistical population included all the 5-7 years old girls in Isfahan ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of this study was comparing the social cognition of 5-7 years old girls of families with one child versus families with more than one child in Isfahan city. Method: The study was causal-comparative type and the statistical population included all the 5-7 years old girls in Isfahan city in 2014. For the purpose of the study, 80 girls (40 from families with one child and 40 from families with more than one child) were selected by using random cluster sampling method and were examined using the Scale of Social Cognitive Tasks. To analyze the data, SPSS statistics software was used. In addition to descriptive statistics, inferential statistics such as independent T-test and ANOVA were used. Results: The results indicated that social cognition in children from families with more than one child was more than families with one child (P
Karim Sevari
Volume 7, Issue 1 , August 2018, , Pages 25-40
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed at investigating the effect of epistemological beliefs and learning perceptions on academic performance through academic self-efficacy. Method: The present research plan was correlation and the assessment of the proposed model was done by the use of Structural Equation ...
Read More
Introduction: This study aimed at investigating the effect of epistemological beliefs and learning perceptions on academic performance through academic self-efficacy. Method: The present research plan was correlation and the assessment of the proposed model was done by the use of Structural Equation Modeling. All the first year male and female students studying in 2016 at Payame Noor University of Ahwaz were the statistical community of this study and among them 210 people (166 girls and 44 boys) were selected randomly by multi cluster stages. In order to collect data, the Schommer Questionnaire (1990), the researcher made Questionnaire of Epistemological Beliefs, Learning Perceptions and Academic Self-efficacy (Sevari, 2016), and academic performance of the students were used. Results & Conclusion : After the correction of the proposed model, the results showed that the epistemological beliefs have positive effects on academic performance and academic self-efficacy. Furthermore, learning perceptions have positive effect on the academic performance and academic self- efficacy. However, there was no significant relationship between academic self- efficacy and academic performance.
ali khodaei; omid shokri
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the Civic Moral Disengagement Scale(CMDS, 2009) among a group of Iranian students. Method: In this correlational study, 364 students (192 male and 172 female) were selected from the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University ...
Read More
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the Civic Moral Disengagement Scale(CMDS, 2009) among a group of Iranian students. Method: In this correlational study, 364 students (192 male and 172 female) were selected from the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University using available sampling method who responded to the Civic Moral Disengagement Scale-Farsi Version. To determine the internal validity and internal consistency of the scale, the confirmatory factor analysis and cronbach alpha formula were used respectively. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis based AMOS software showed that multi-factor structure of Civic Moral Disengagement Scale-Farsi Version consisted of moral justification, euphemistic language, advantageous comparison, displacement of responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, distorting consequences, attribution of blame and dehumanization had good fit with data. Internal consistency for the moral justification, euphemistic language, advantageous comparison, displacement of responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, distorting consequences, attribution of blame and dehumanization was 0/88, 0/82 and 0/79 respectively. Conclusion: In sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Civic Moral Disengagement Scale-Farsi Version as an instrument to measure the “Civic Moral Disengagement” among Iranian university students.
mina benrazi ghabeshi; Gholam Reza Dehshiri; Azam Farah Bijari; Seyed Abolghasem Mehrinejad
Abstract
The World Health Organization recently released the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases with the inclusion of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD). ICD-11 construed CPTSD as a disorder comprising of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disturbance of self-organization ...
Read More
The World Health Organization recently released the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases with the inclusion of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD). ICD-11 construed CPTSD as a disorder comprising of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disturbance of self-organization (DSO) domains. Despite the growing research on the study of this diagnostic class, to date no research has been done on the symptoms and risk factors for this disorder in Iran. The present study was conducted to identify the signs and risk factors in the form of mediating variables (mentalization and emotional processing). In this study, cross-sectional descriptive research design and correlational research modeling with path analysis were used. Sampling was done from 17 to 60 years traumatized women and girls and the International Trauma Questionnaire, Checklist of Traumatic Experiences, Mentalization Scale and Emotional Processing Scale were completed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that mentalization and emotional processing have a significant mediating role in the relationship between traumatic experiences and PTSD and CPTSD. As a result given the role of mentalization and emotional processing in the relationship between traumatic experiences and PTSD and CPTSD, training in emotion regulation processes and strengthening mentalization skills can be effective in preventing these two disorders and raising the level of adjustment.
Amin Hasani
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 26-51
Abstract
Aim: The present study was designed and conducted by the aim of investigating the relationship between brain behavioral systems and Internet addiction with mediating role of loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Method: The study was of explorative type with correlational design. The ...
Read More
Aim: The present study was designed and conducted by the aim of investigating the relationship between brain behavioral systems and Internet addiction with mediating role of loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Method: The study was of explorative type with correlational design. The population consisted of all the male and female students in second level of secondary schools in district 4 of Karaj in 2016, among them 300 students (164 girls and 136 boys) were selected by multi-stage random sampling. They completed The Internet Addiction Test of Young (1998), The Revised form of University of California at Los Angles Loneliness Scale of Russel, Peplua and Cutrona (1980), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P) of Garnefski, Kraaij and Spinhoven (2001), and Behavioral Activation/Inhibition Systems Scale of Carver and White (1994). Data analysis was conducted through AMOS software and by path analysis method. Results: The results showed goodness of fit for the model, in which behavioral activation system had negative association with Internet addiction (- 0.566), and behavioral inhibition system had positive association with Internet addiction (0.496). Furthermore, the mechanism of the association was such that behavioral activation system decreases Internet activation through positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and on the other hand, behavioral inhibition system increases Internet addiction through negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies and loneliness. Conclusion: The results suggested that brain behavioral systems are of particular importance in explaining Internet addiction and it can play an effective role in individuals’ tendency to Internet behaviors involvement through loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation strategies.
Abolghasem Yaghobi; Sahar Mohammadi; mohammad reza zofgi paidar; Mehran Farhadi
Abstract
Objective: Prosocial behavior is one of the structures that has been seriously considered in social psychology and can be influenced by various factors. Hence, the purpose of this study was develop a structural model to explain prosocial behaviors based on belonging motivation and sensitivity to rejection ...
Read More
Objective: Prosocial behavior is one of the structures that has been seriously considered in social psychology and can be influenced by various factors. Hence, the purpose of this study was develop a structural model to explain prosocial behaviors based on belonging motivation and sensitivity to rejection mediated by social trust. Method: The research method was correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study was all students of Bu Ali Sina University in the academic year 1399-1400, that 400 people was selected by random cluster sampling. The instruments used in this study was include scales of Caprara et al. (2005) prosocial behavior, Saffarinia & Sharif (2010) social trust, affiliation motivation of Cuadrado et al. (2016) and Danny and Foldman (1996) rejection sensitivity. Results: The results showed that the conceptual model developed had a good fit with the data. The results of structural relationships of the model showed that affiliation motivation and rejection sensitivity have a direct and significant effect on social trust (p <0.01) and prosocial behavior (p <0.01). Also, social trust had a direct and significant effect on prosocial behavior (p <0.01). The results of indirect relationships showed that affiliation motivation and rejection sensitivity mediated by social trust have a significant effect on prosocial behavior (p <0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results, the affiliation motivation and the sensitivity to rejection affect social trust and prosocial behaviors. Therefore, by developing programs to educate and increase affiliation motivation and reduce sensitivity to rejection in individuals, we can expect improvement in their prosocial behaviors.
Hamid Faramarzi; Alireza Haji yakhchali; Manigeh Shahni Yeylagh
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 27-42
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of internal-external motivation and goal mastery approach -performance approach- as predictors of creative self-efficacy in male junior high school students (grade 9) in Romeshgan City. The population consisted of all male high school students ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of internal-external motivation and goal mastery approach -performance approach- as predictors of creative self-efficacy in male junior high school students (grade 9) in Romeshgan City. The population consisted of all male high school students in Romeshgan City in the academic year 2015-2016. Method: A total of 346 subjects were selected from the population by using multistage random sampling method. The research design was correlational. The research instruments were motivational orientations scale, achievement goals scale, and creative self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Findings: The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between creative self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation, external motivation, objective mastery approach, challengism, curiosity, independent expertise, teacher pleasantness, and dependence on teacher. Also, the results showed that challengism, curiosity, independent expertise, teacher pleasantness and dependence to teacher explain 0.16 of variance in creative self-efficacy using stepwise method. Conclusion: Based on the present study results, one might relying on intrinsic motivation and empower students to select their objectives and increase their creative self-efficacy.
fatemeh hosseingholi; shirin kooshki; valiallah farzad; Seyed Farhad Eftekharzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate academic adjustment based on personality traits and percieved social support with mediating self-regulated learning strategies. Method: 300 male second grade students of a high school in Tehran during 1395-1396 were selected based on randomized stage ...
Read More
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate academic adjustment based on personality traits and percieved social support with mediating self-regulated learning strategies. Method: 300 male second grade students of a high school in Tehran during 1395-1396 were selected based on randomized stage cluster sampling and answered to Sinha and Singh (1993) academic adjustment, Eysenck (1963) personality traits, Zimth (1988) social support, Pintrich and De Groot(1990) motivational strategies questionnaires. The collected data were analysed by Lisrel software structural equation statistical methods. Result: The result showed that meaningful and positive effect rather leads to more inadjustment. Extroversion (indirectly and with self regulated learning strategies) had a meaningful and positive effect on academic adjustment, that is, by increasing extroversion academic adjustment decreases. Aggression, indirectly and and througout self-regulated learning strategies had a positive and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, that is to say, as aggression increases so does unadjustment. Neuroticism indirectly had a negative and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, in other words, as neuroticism increases so does unadjustment. Extroversion directly had a negative and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, meaning when extroversion increases unadjustment decreases. Aggression directly had a positive and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, meaning as aggression increases so does unadjustment. Conclusion:Social support on the other hand, directly had a negatove and meaningful effect on academic adjustment, in other words, with increasing social support unadjustment decreases as well.
Leyla Ahvan; Parvin Mirzaei
Abstract
Objective: The aim of study was to determine the effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Social Problem Solving on self-control and anxiety in preschool girls. Method: the current reserch design was a quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow up. The study population consisted of all preschool students ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of study was to determine the effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Social Problem Solving on self-control and anxiety in preschool girls. Method: the current reserch design was a quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow up. The study population consisted of all preschool students in district 12 of Tehran. The research sample included 30 preschool girls, who were selected with available sampling method, and assigned into 2 groups including cognitive-social problem solving and control. Groups All subjects completed the anxiety (Spence, 1999) and the self control (Humphrey, 1982) questionnaires in pretest, posttest and follow up. For analyzing of gathered data, the analysis of covariance was used. Result: The results showed that cognitive-social problem solving group had a significant reduction in anxiety and increase in the self-control compared to control droup (P = 0/001). These results were maintained at the follow-up stage. Conclusion: According to the results, the use of this training can be suggested to mental health professionals and school counselors.
negar mahmoodi; Mohammad Hossein Abdollahi; MAHNAZ SHAHGHOLIAN; Samira Gohari
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 28-40
Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to show the mediating role of Positive and Negative Affect in the relationship between Sensory processing sensitivity and Alexitimiya. Method: A sample comprising of 277 students (121 males and 156 famales) was selected from among Kharazmi University students through multistage ...
Read More
Aim: The present study aimed to show the mediating role of Positive and Negative Affect in the relationship between Sensory processing sensitivity and Alexitimiya. Method: A sample comprising of 277 students (121 males and 156 famales) was selected from among Kharazmi University students through multistage cluster sampling method. The statistical instruments consisted of Sensory processing sensitivity (Aron & Aron) questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS) Inventory, and Alexithimiya Inventory. Data were analyzed using multiple regression by stepwise method Pearson correlation coenfficient tests with Spss18 software. Resuls: The results showed that ease of excitation and Low sensory threshold can predict Alexithymia positively. Besides, aesthetic sensitivity can perdict Alexithymia negatively, and positive affect plays mediating role between the ease of excitation and aesthetic sensitivity. Also, alexithymia and negative affect mediate between the three dimensions of sensory processing sensitivity and alexithymia. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need to recognize the role of Sensory Processing Sensitivity and the Positive and Negative Affect in Alexithymia.
mahnaz Sharifian; Majid Saffarinia; susan alizadeh fard
Abstract
Introduction: Given that sexual problem are multifactorial, and a few studies have been done from the point of view of social psychology, the aim of this research was to investigate the role of social exchange theory in predicting unconsummated marriage. Method: This descriptive study was correlational, ...
Read More
Introduction: Given that sexual problem are multifactorial, and a few studies have been done from the point of view of social psychology, the aim of this research was to investigate the role of social exchange theory in predicting unconsummated marriage. Method: This descriptive study was correlational, and statistical population was composed of all women who referred to sexual clinics of Tehran city, among whom 220 women were selected through cluster sampling method as the study sample. The research tools included Multidimensional Vaginal Penetration Disorder Questionnaire (Molaie Nezhad, et al., 2014) and Social Exchange Styles Scale (Leybman et al., 2011). Results: The results showed that tracking style (r=0/244, p= 0/001), individualism (r=-0/283, p= 0/001), and benefit-seeking styles (r= -0/289, p= 0/001) had significant positive correlation, and fairness (r=0/277, p= 0/0001) and overinvestment (r=0/379, p= 0/0001) had significant negative relationship with unconsummated marriage disorder. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that only the fairness style predicts 40% of the variance of unconsummated marriage disorder. Conclusion: Given that social exchange styles, especially the fairness style, are effective in the treatment of unconsummated marriage, appropriate training in this field can be helpful in family sustainability.
Hossin Zare; Ahmad Alipoor; Hooman Mallahzadeh
Volume 3, special , March 2015, , Pages 31-43
Abstract
Aim: The present study examined the effect of emotion inducing on motor and Physiological signs of computer users so that by using these signs computers can estimate the users’ emotions and have a better interaction with them. Although the method of this study was not pure emotional calculations, ...
Read More
Aim: The present study examined the effect of emotion inducing on motor and Physiological signs of computer users so that by using these signs computers can estimate the users’ emotions and have a better interaction with them. Although the method of this study was not pure emotional calculations, it presents an approximating algorithm for classifying human emotion based on motor and Physiological signs. Method: A total number of 9 participants with adequate computer skills underwent 6 emotions (2 moods, and 3 arousals in each mood). Besides, there was a pretest at the beginning (a total of 7 emotional states). To induce emotion, Robinson’s two steps method was used. Then the participants were aroused by films. After each emotion inducing, a computer game was played the motor (12 items) and physiological signs (Skin temperature and humidity and clicking force) were measured. Results: The results showed that at 0.05 significance level, the groups had significant differences in mouse speed, mouse acceleration, palm humidity, and click force. Conclusion: Computer users’ emotion can be assessed by 4 signs of speed, acceleration, humidity, and click force.
Educational Psychology
Farhad Khoemaei; Arezou FarokhTaghiabadi; Seyed Mehdi Poorseyed
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of problem-solving and patience instruction on the academic self-efficacy of school students. It is a quasi-experimental study with a post-test design and a control group. Accidental sampling was used to select participants. Three schools were accidentally ...
Read More
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of problem-solving and patience instruction on the academic self-efficacy of school students. It is a quasi-experimental study with a post-test design and a control group. Accidental sampling was used to select participants. Three schools were accidentally selected among Abarkouh City, then the sixth-grade students of these schools were assigned to the three groups of 30 individuals; problem-solving and patience instructions groups as well as a control group. The Morgan-Jinks Student Efficacy Scale was applied for data collection. In this study, patience and problem-solving instructions were conducted in the experimental groups. The obtained data were analyzed by variate analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that instruction in patience and problem-solving has an impact on the academic self-efficacy of students. Additionally, the instruction of patient has more effect on context components of self- efficacy than instruction of problem-solving. According to these results, it can be stated that problem-solving and patience instruction helps students to think about their problems. Also, they learned to deal with issues and difficulties in a way that won’t become anxious, and they can maintain their mental health in the face of possible failures, tensions and crises. In conclusion, they can improve their academic performance with self-efficacy.
Mohammad Oruki; Seyyedeh Masoumeh Hosseininez Rezaei
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 23-33
Abstract
Aims: Addiction is a physical and mental disease, which because of its progressive nature endangers the health of individual and community in all aspects of life. This study aimed at comparing the personality characteristics and mental health of improved addicted individuals and drug addict`s ...
Read More
Aims: Addiction is a physical and mental disease, which because of its progressive nature endangers the health of individual and community in all aspects of life. This study aimed at comparing the personality characteristics and mental health of improved addicted individuals and drug addict`s relapse in narcotic abuse. Method: It was an Ex Post Facto (Causal-Comparative) research and its statistical community comprised of 100 addicted individuals who had returned to the addiction withdrawal centers of Welfare Organization and also 100 improved individuals. The study took place during 4 months from July to October 2011. The Temperament and Character Inventory, Cloninger TCI (1991) questionnaire, was used for evaluating personality traits and the Psychological health questionnaire SCL-90-R (Derogatis; 1976) was used for evaluating Psychological health of people. Results and conclusion: The results showed a meaningful diffrence between mental health of improved addicted individuals and drug addict`s relapse in narcotic abuse. Also, the results showed that from among mental health factors, some factors such as hypochondriasis, depression, obsession (p
