Educational Psychology
Sara Taravian; Fariborz Nikdel; Ali Taghvaie Nia
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to the mediating role of vengeful tendencies in the relationship between moral identity and effortful control with antisocial behaviors in adolescents. Statistics included all high school students and samples of 567 people were selected by random multi-stage cluster method ...
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The aim of the present study was to the mediating role of vengeful tendencies in the relationship between moral identity and effortful control with antisocial behaviors in adolescents. Statistics included all high school students and samples of 567 people were selected by random multi-stage cluster method and the questionnaire of moral identity identity (Aquino & Reed, 2002), effortful control (Ellis & Rothbart, 2001), vengeful tendencies (Flores-Camacho et al., 2022) and antisocial behaviors (Burt & Donnellan, 2009) were distributed among the atatistic sample. Evaluation of the proposed model was done using path analysis. The findings showed that the proposed model has a good fit with the data. The results showed that the paths of moral identity to the vengeful tendencies, moral identity to antisocial behaviors, vengeful tendencies to antisocial behaviors are significant, and paths of effortful control to vengeful tendencies and effortful control to antisocial behaviors are insignificant. Also, other findings of the research showed that the vengeful tendencies has a mediating role in the relationship between moral identity and antisocial behaviors, but the vengeful tendencies does not has a mediating role in the relationship between effortful control and antisocial behaviors. Therefore, to help students prevent antisocial behavior, it is recommended to consider educational programs to strengthen morals and reduce the vengeful tedencies.
Farzaneh Mikaeeli; roghayeh golizadeh; helda ghorbani
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between belief in a just world, spiritual well-being, and forgiveness and social well-being with the intermediate role of gender. Method: This research was applied in terms of purpose, and was descriptive-correlation in terms ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between belief in a just world, spiritual well-being, and forgiveness and social well-being with the intermediate role of gender. Method: This research was applied in terms of purpose, and was descriptive-correlation in terms of method type. A sample of 419 students of Urumia University (213 female and 206 male students) were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from the whole population of the study. To collect data, the questionnaires of Believing in the Just World (BJW) (Sutton & Douglas (2005), Dulbert (1999), and Deltbert et al., (2001)), Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) (Polutzin & Ellison, 1982), forgiveness (GF) (Walker & Garrosh, 2002), and Social Well-being (SW) (Keyez, 1998) were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS software based on descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression). Results: The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the belief in a just world and social well-being in the students, and there is no meaningful relationship between forgiveness and spiritual well-being and social well-being, and none of the gender variables has any meaningful relationship. Therefore, by strengthening the belief in a just world in students, social well-being can be strengthened in them. Conclusion: The results of this research can be applied to counseling centers of universities as well as lesson planners in order to develop programs to strengthen the spirituality and believe in a just world of students to improve their social well-being.
mahta eskandarnejad
Abstract
Introduction: Attentional biases are thought to contribute to body image dissatisfaction and due to the role of sports facilitation on health, the aim of this research was to study the role of physical activity in attentional bias to body pictures and body image dissatisfaction in women. Method: The ...
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Introduction: Attentional biases are thought to contribute to body image dissatisfaction and due to the role of sports facilitation on health, the aim of this research was to study the role of physical activity in attentional bias to body pictures and body image dissatisfaction in women. Method: The research was causal-comparative and correlational. In 130 participants who had participated in sports (n=65) and no participated in sport (n=65) that were homogenized with active group, attentional bias and body image dissatisfaction were investigated. Dot-probe task was used for attentional bias and multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire was used for body image dissatisfaction. Pearson test was used to examine the correlation between attentional bias and body image dissatisfaction. To evaluate the role of physical activity and compare these variables in two groups, independent t-test was used. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between attentional bias and body image dissatisfaction and there was a significant difference between the two groups in these variables that non-active group showed significant high body image dissatisfaction. There was better assessment of body and more positive image of the body limbs in the active group. Conclusion: It seems that unrealistic measurement of beauty and fitness and the expectations of individuals' body itself and others might be changed with appropriate sports and physical activity.
said mousa golestaneh; Seyed Ali Afshin; Yusef Dehghani
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 52-71
Abstract
Aim: Time perspective identifies a person's perception or assessing of past, present, and future. Time perspective, has an unconscious cognitive structure that a person uses in decision-making on short-term or long-term goals and actions. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of achievement ...
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Aim: Time perspective identifies a person's perception or assessing of past, present, and future. Time perspective, has an unconscious cognitive structure that a person uses in decision-making on short-term or long-term goals and actions. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of achievement goal in the relationship between time perspective, academic achievemen, and students' academic procrastination. Method: For this purpose, 424 (223 female, 201 male) students from different faculties (Literature, Engineering, Science) of the Persian Gulf University of Bushehr were selected by cluster sampling method and responded to the Zimbardo Time Perspective Scale (ZTPI, the form of 56 questions), Transcendental Future Time Perspective Scale (TFTPS), Measuring Target Scale 3×2 (3×2 AGQ-S), and the Academic Procrastination Scale (TPS). Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed a direct significant relationship between the time perspective and achievement goal. Besides, there was a significant relationship between time perspective and academic procrastination and a significant indirect relationship between achievement goal and academic procrastination. Also, the indirect relationship between time perspective through achievement goal with academic achievement was significant. In addition, the indirect relationship between time perspective through academic procrastination and academic achievement was significant. Results of Structural Equation Modeling indicated the fitness of the supposed model in the study. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be said that time perspective has an important mediating role in achievement goal in the relationship between academic achievement and academic procrastination. Accordingly, taking into account the time perspective role and raising awareness of achievement goal and academic procrastination can improve students' academic achievement.
Clinical Psychology
sabereh beheshti mashhadi; hosein zare
Abstract
The aim of the present research is to determine the simple relationship between the type of intrusive thoughts (autogenesis-reactive) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, considering the mediating role of cognitive appraisal, emotional responses and neutralization strategies in non-clinical samples. Therefore, ...
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The aim of the present research is to determine the simple relationship between the type of intrusive thoughts (autogenesis-reactive) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, considering the mediating role of cognitive appraisal, emotional responses and neutralization strategies in non-clinical samples. Therefore, a sample consisting of the Mashhad community (total 509, 346 women, 163 men) and Were examined by The Revised Obsessional Intrusions Inventory (ROII (Purdon & Clark, 1993, 1994)part I , cognitive appraisal, emotional responses and strategies to neutralize intrusive thoughts part II, The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R)(Foa et al., 2002), The obtained data were analyzed based on Pearson correlation and structural equation model test. Research findings have shown that intrusive thoughts are related both directly and indirectly (through cognitive evaluations, emotional responses, and neutralization strategies) to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Also, the model after the final modification, based on the effect of intrusive thoughts (autogenesis and reactive) on obsessive-compulsive symptoms, considering the mediating role of variables of cognitive appraisal, emotional responses and neutralization strategies in Iranian non-clinical samples It has an acceptable fit with the experimental data.
Cognitive neuroscience
Hasan Sabouri Moghaddam; Mohammad Ali Nazari; Mohammad-Reza Abolghasemi Dehaghani; Akbar Zahedi
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of temperamental differences in people's perceptual bias in the two dimensions of animacy (alive/non-alive) and expression of facial emotion (happy/disgust) in morphed images under ambiguous conditions. Method: Four groups, each group ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of temperamental differences in people's perceptual bias in the two dimensions of animacy (alive/non-alive) and expression of facial emotion (happy/disgust) in morphed images under ambiguous conditions. Method: Four groups, each group consisting of 20 people aged 22-35, with emotional temperament of high and low activation and high and low inhibition, were selected based on Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament (AFECT) scale. Under the same conditions, they performed the task of morphed images in two dimensions of emotion and animacy. The findings were analyzed by t-test and Kruskal-Wallis in SPSS software version 26. Findings: High vs. low activation and high vs. low inhibition temperamental groups are biased in the perception of morphed images with emotional expressions of disgust/happiness but not in animacy. Conclusion: Temperament plays a role in perception of the morphed images with emotional expression of happiness/disgust, but it does not in the animacy dimension.
Mansour Bayrami; Yazdan Movahedi; Abdolkhalegh Minashiri
Volume 2, Issue 2 , March 2014, , Pages 38-46
Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety disorder, particularly social phobia, is one of the most important disorders. The main aim of the present study was to assess the relationship among metacognitive beliefs, problem solving ability and social phobia disorders symptoms in students. Method: The subjects were 284 male ...
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Introduction: Anxiety disorder, particularly social phobia, is one of the most important disorders. The main aim of the present study was to assess the relationship among metacognitive beliefs, problem solving ability and social phobia disorders symptoms in students. Method: The subjects were 284 male students selected from the University of Tabriz using cluster-random sampling. All of the subjects were asked to answer demographic questions as well as problem solving scale, metacognitive beliefs and social phobia questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analyze. Findings: The results showed that there were significant relationships among metacognitive beliefs, social problem-solving ability and social phobia symptoms. Among these, positive beliefs about worry need to control thought and social problem solving had a significant role in predicting social phobia disorder symptoms, but cognitive awareness, cognitive confidence, and uncontrollability did not have a significant role in predicting social phobia disorder symptoms. Conclusion: Metacognitive beliefs are effective factors in general health. In addition, it is possible to promote students’ mental health by changing metacognitive beliefs which enhance maladaptive and negative thinking styles or general negative beliefs.
ebrahim ahmadi
Abstract
Introduction:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rational reasons on ethical decision making.Method: In order to investigate the effect of rational reasons on moral decisions, the call for participatingin this study was sent to 75000 email addresses of residents of Tehran ...
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Introduction:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rational reasons on ethical decision making.Method: In order to investigate the effect of rational reasons on moral decisions, the call for participatingin this study was sent to 75000 email addresses of residents of Tehran and thesuburbs, which 765 volunteers participated in the study. The research tool was a moral dilemma. In an experimental design, the participants were asked to say which option they would choose if they were in this moral dilemma (their initial decision). Then the participants were randomly assigned itnto three groups: one group was given the reasons confirmingtheir initial decision, the secondgroup was given the reasons opposing their initial decision, and the thirdgroup was given all reasons (confirmingand opposing). Participants were asked to evaluate these reasons. Then theywere asked to choose one of the two options again (their final decision). Results: Fisher's exact test, logistic regression analysis, and variance analysis showed that afew participants changed their initial decision after examining the reasons; the initial decision explained a large proportion of the final decision's variance, and participants evaluated affirming reasons better than opposing ones. These findings suggest that rational reasons do not help to change the people's moral decisions.
Mohsen Golparvar; Zahra Javadian; Zohre Esmailian Ardestani; Akram Ahmadi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 41-51
Abstract
Aims: Given the high prevalence of stress and emotional distress caused by diabetes and also its negative effects on glycemic control in these patients, various methods of psychological intervention have been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of group psychosocial ...
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Aims: Given the high prevalence of stress and emotional distress caused by diabetes and also its negative effects on glycemic control in these patients, various methods of psychological intervention have been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of group psychosocial intervention on indices of mental and physical well-being in diabetic patients. Methods: All women with type2 diabetes in Yazd Diabetes Research Centre were considered as statistical community from which 80 women were selected by random sampling. They completed WBQ-12 questionnaire and diabetes-dependent quality of life questionnaire (ADDQOL) and then were introduced to lab for blood test. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and MANOVA. Results: Statistical analyses showed that the scores of experimental group on quality of life and psychosocial well-being were significantly higher in second stage than first stage. So HbA1c decreased in the experimental group but this difference was not significant. Conclusion: The results showed that group psychosocial intervention has positive effects on glycaemic control in diabetic patients and leads to well-being and better quality of life in these patients. But the effects of this intervention increases over time.
Hossein Zare; Ahmad Alipour; Hamid Poursharifi; Mohammad Afkhami Ardakani; Khadijeh Aarab Sheybani
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 41-52
Abstract
Background: Given the high prevalence of stress and emotional distress caused by diabetes and also its negative effects on glycemic control in these patients, various methods of psychological intervention have been investigated. The present study aims to investigate the impact of group psychosocial intervention ...
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Background: Given the high prevalence of stress and emotional distress caused by diabetes and also its negative effects on glycemic control in these patients, various methods of psychological intervention have been investigated. The present study aims to investigate the impact of group psychosocial intervention on indices of mental and physical well-being in diabetic patients. Methods: All women with type2 diabetes in Yazd Diabetes Research Centre were considered as statistical community from which 80 women were selected by random sampling. They completed WBQ-12 questionnaire and diabetes-dependent quality of life questionnaire (ADDQOL) and then were introduced to lab for blood test. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and MANOVA. Findings: Statistical analysis showed that the scores of experimental group on quality of life and psychosocial well-being were significantly higher in second stage than first stage. So HbA1c was decreased in experimental group but this difference was not significant. Conclusion: The results showed that group psychosocial intervention has positive effects on glycaemic control in diabetic patients and leads to well-being and better quality of life in these patients. But these effects were increased the more time passes.
Cognitive psycholog
Farzaneh Abdollahzadeh Bina; Hassan Sabouri Moghaddam; Abbas Bakhshipour Roudsari
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on social-informational conformity, considering the moderating role of gender. Method: Two groups (male and female), each group consisting of 24 people aged 18-30, were selected from ...
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Introduction: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on social-informational conformity, considering the moderating role of gender. Method: Two groups (male and female), each group consisting of 24 people aged 18-30, were selected from Tabriz University students' society with a non-random and available sampling method. The current research design was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and a post-test. In the pre-test stage, the social-informational conformity computerized task was implemented. Then, two sessions (each, 20 minutes) of transcranial direct current stimulation were applied. In the post-test phase, the same social-informational conformity task was performed. Finally, the findings were analyzed with repeated measures variance analysis and covariance analysis in SPSS version 24 software. Findings: The amount of social-informational conformity increased in both groups after applying transcranial direct current stimulation, and gender did not moderate the effect of this stimulation. Conclusion: Transcranial direct current stimulation has the same effect on conformity in both men and women. Also, cathodal stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex significantly increases the tendency for social-informational conformity in women and men when the participants' initial decision is different from the majority. Since cathodal stimulation reduces neuronal firing, cortical excitability, and motor-evoked potentials, it is reasoned that the reduction of vmPFC stimulation enhances the conformity behavior in people.
jafar Bahadorikhosroshahi; Touraj Hashemi Nosrat abad; Jalil Babapur Kheyroddin
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2015, , Pages 44-54
Abstract
Introduction: Social capital is a new concept that nowadays is dealt with. In fact, dealing with this approach reflects its importance and role in psychological health and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between social capital with psychological ...
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Introduction: Social capital is a new concept that nowadays is dealt with. In fact, dealing with this approach reflects its importance and role in psychological health and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between social capital with psychological well-being of Tabriz University students. Method: The research method was descriptive and correlational and the sample included the entire students of Tabriz University who were 15000. Based on Morgan’s table, 400 people (200 males and 200 females) were selected by using cluster sampling. The data were collected by the Delaviz scale of Social Capital and Ryff scale of psychological well-being. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression using SPSS software V.16. Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its components with the psychological Well-being. On the other hand, the results revealed that the social capital and its components can predict changes in psychological well-being significantly. Conclusion: The results revealed that students who have better social capital have better and higher and psychological well-being.
Karim Savari
Volume 2, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 44-51
Abstract
Introduction: In current years, Achievement goals theory could explain & predict academic procrastination through variables such as mastery & Performance goals. Goals: In this search, It is tried to study the simple & multiple relationship of mastery & Performance goals with academic ...
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Introduction: In current years, Achievement goals theory could explain & predict academic procrastination through variables such as mastery & Performance goals. Goals: In this search, It is tried to study the simple & multiple relationship of mastery & Performance goals with academic procrastination among University students of Payam Noor Ahwaz. Methods: The research society were University students of Payame Noor Ahwaz that were chosen 200 students (100 girls & 100 boys) by randomly ways. For data, gathering questionnaires were made by researcher. For analyzing, it data was used descriptive & inferential stasitics. Results: Results showed that there is negative relation between mastery goals and academic procrastination & positive relation between Performance goals and academic procrastination. Conclusions: Regression analysis by using stepwise method showed that mastery goals & Performance goals could be predicted through variance.
Hossin Zare; Ahmad Alipur; Ali Mostafaie
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 45-56
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study Standardization and Normalization Memory Scale Retrospective memory - prospective Crawford et al (2003) For students Fits Retrospective memory - prospective In Iranian culture. Method: The tool used to determine the size and amount Retrospective memory - prospective ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study Standardization and Normalization Memory Scale Retrospective memory - prospective Crawford et al (2003) For students Fits Retrospective memory - prospective In Iranian culture. Method: The tool used to determine the size and amount Retrospective memory - prospective Made by Crawford et al (2003). Content validity of the by Psychology faculty approval and On a random sample of 382 students Implementation Payam Noor University of Urmia. Questions with appropriate statistical methods to analyze Amount validity and reliability, cut off point and Norm scores were determined. Results: The test results Kolmogorov - Smirnov The assumption of normality of the data by Retrospective memory – prospective Equal to 0/703 the Level (P 0/05) Not significant, Therefore we can say that The data obtained from the questionnaires distributed, Its distribution among the normal population. In addition, Test the Kaiser - Meyer – Avlkyn equivalent 0/77 and Bartlett test 1632/835 That level error, Smaller than for 0/01 Was significant.the amount Cronbach's alpha for whole questionnaire equivalent 0/83. Conclusion: Test results show the high reliability.
Cognitive linguistics
Mahdieh Rahmanian; Maryam Zamani; Sahrzad Pakdelan
Abstract
Introduction: Memory and concentration are two main components of cognitive functions that play a significant role in the human learning process. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of two therapeutic methods of mindfulness training and transcranial electrical stimulation along ...
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Introduction: Memory and concentration are two main components of cognitive functions that play a significant role in the human learning process. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of two therapeutic methods of mindfulness training and transcranial electrical stimulation along with N-Back memory strengthening exercise in improving the memory function and concentration of students. Method: The current research method is applied and the method of data collection is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test research design. In order to investigate the objectives of the research, 30 subjects were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. All participants performed Wechsler clinical memory test and TOVA test. Then one group underwent a mindfulness test and the other group participated in transcranial electrical stimulation sessions along with N-Back memory strengthening exercise. At the end, both groups were re-evaluated. Findings: The results of this research showed that both intervention methods, namely mindfulness training and transcranial electrical stimulation along with N-Back memory strengthening exercise, improve memory and concentration. Both methods had an effect on improving attention performance. In terms of memory components, the two groups differed only in the visual memory component. Based on the results, transcranial electrical stimulation combined with N-Back memory training was more effective than mindfulness training. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that both methods are effective in improving attention, but biological treatments perform better. It will be when biological foundations and specific cognitive processes are considered.
Jafar Hasani; Sohrab Amiri
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 48-61
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of subliminal emotional experiences in personal and impersonal moral judgment. Method: A total number of 35 students (20 females and 15 males) from Kharazmi University were selected using random sampling and were individually induced ...
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Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of subliminal emotional experiences in personal and impersonal moral judgment. Method: A total number of 35 students (20 females and 15 males) from Kharazmi University were selected using random sampling and were individually induced by subliminal neutral, positive, and negative emotional experiences. After each emotion induction stage, the subjects responded to two personal and impersonal moral stories. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that the induction of subliminal positive and negative emotional experience lead to non-utilitarianism in personal moral judgment but have no effect on impersonal moral judgment.Conclusion: The results reflect the significant role of emotional experiences in moral judgment based cognitive processes.
Mohammad Oraki; Maryam Siadat; Ahmad Alipour; Farhad Jomehri
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the model of predicting job burnout in nurses of Corona ward based on perceived stress mediated by personality type in nurses serving in the medical wards of patients with Covid 19. The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the model of predicting job burnout in nurses of Corona ward based on perceived stress mediated by personality type in nurses serving in the medical wards of patients with Covid 19. The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all nurses working in Imam Khomeini, Sina, Shohada Yaftabad and Atieh hospitals in Tehran in 1399, from which 200 nurses were selected and completed the questionnaires online. The research instruments included Maslash Burnout Scale (1981), Cohen et al. (1983) Perceived Stress Questionnaire and Denolt-D (2000) Personality Type Scale. The results of data analysis showed that the fit indices of the nasal model are in a favorable condition. Perceived stress has a significant direct and indirect effect on burnout (p> 0.05). This means that with increasing perceived stress, the level of burnout increases. Personality type D (negative emotions and social inhibition) on the one hand is affected by perceived stress levels and on the other hand affects the burnout of nurses serving in the medical wards of patients with Covid 19. Therefore, applying perceived stress reduction strategies can reduce nurses 'burnout by promoting nurses' mental health.
Taher Mahbubi
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-based training of hope enhancement in psychological distress of Payame Noor University students. Method: The design of this study was Quasi-experimental involving pre-test and post-test with experimental ...
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Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-based training of hope enhancement in psychological distress of Payame Noor University students. Method: The design of this study was Quasi-experimental involving pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The sample of the study included 32 participants who were selected from the clients who referred the university counseling center through purposive sampling method with regard to the intended standards. Then, the sample was divided randomly into two groups i.e. one experimental and one control group, each consisting of 16 participants. In order to collect the data, clinical interview and Louinda’s (1995) DASS were used to measure the psychological distress of the participants. The experimental group received cognitive-based training of hope enhancement for eight sixty- minute sessions during four consecutive weeks, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that the treatment was effective in reducing the overall psychological distress of the participants and in its three subscales in depression and anxiety subscales. Conclusion: This treatment develops desired qualities in individuals including a sense of optimism and trust in the individual himself/herself to achieve things through right efforts and in addition to reducing depression and anxiety in the individuals, it leads to purposeful actions.
Mona Golestani Fard; Mansoore Nikoogoftar; Hasan Shams Esfandabad
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 52-67
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions (flexibility, planning, and organizing) and memory (active and passive) of monolingual and bilingual students. Method: For this purpose,120 students, including 60 male and female students who were Persian-speaking monolinguals ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions (flexibility, planning, and organizing) and memory (active and passive) of monolingual and bilingual students. Method: For this purpose,120 students, including 60 male and female students who were Persian-speaking monolinguals and aged between 7 to 12 years (30 girls, 30 boys) and 60 Armenian-Persian bilingual students (30 girls, 30 boys) from the second to the sixth grade in district 8 of Tehran were selected by convenience sampling. Andre-ray test was used to measure executive function (planning and organization), and Wisconsin test was used to measure executive function tests (flexibility). Furthermore, 3 × 3 Matrix of Cornoldy was used to measure working memory and Matrix 5 × 5 Cornoldy was used to assess passive memory. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the executive functions of organizing and planning of monolingual students are different from bilingual students. However, there was not a significant difference between the two groups in the passive and working memory. In addition, significant differences were not observed between the genders, except that in monolingual students the executive function of flexibility of girls was better than boys. Conclusion: Based on the results and the advantages of bilingual students in executive functions over monolingual students, early second language education in preschools could be recommended.
hossin zare; Ahmad Rasteghar
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 53-66
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to examine the psychometric features (validity and reliability) of the short form of Need for Cognition Scale (NFS) in high school students. Method: For this purpose, 392 students (168 male and 224 female) of Shiraz high schools were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. ...
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Aims: This study aimed to examine the psychometric features (validity and reliability) of the short form of Need for Cognition Scale (NFS) in high school students. Method: For this purpose, 392 students (168 male and 224 female) of Shiraz high schools were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. They responded to the self-report need for cognition scale developed by Cacciopo et al. To assess the construct validity of this scale, confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency were used. Moreover, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Results: Generally, the goodness of fit characteristics of the confirmatory factor analysis model indicated a good fit of the data with factor structure of the need for cognition scale. Also, internal consistency method indicated the construct validity of the scale and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated the stability of the measurement of the scale. Conclusion: Based on these results, one can use the need for cognition scale developed by Cacciopo et al. as an acceptable measurement tool to study high school students.
Mansoor Beirami; Touraj Hashemi; Mirmahmood Mirnasab; Leila Kolyaei
Volume 7, Issue 1 , August 2018, , Pages 53-74
Abstract
Introduction: Because of The deficit in social competence in students victim of bullying One of the factors to aggravation and continuing victimization of those people, On the other hand, studies have shown the impact of learning problem solving on promoting social competence, The purpose of this research ...
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Introduction: Because of The deficit in social competence in students victim of bullying One of the factors to aggravation and continuing victimization of those people, On the other hand, studies have shown the impact of learning problem solving on promoting social competence, The purpose of this research was determining of effectiveness social problem solving training program on the components of social competence inStudents victim of bullying. Methods This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with thecontrol group. The population studied included all the first period high school female students in Tabriz in the academic year 96-95. The research sample consisted of 30 students was a victim of bullying through multi-stage random cluster sampling of the selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group in 8 sessions were trained in social problem-solving program. For data collection used the social competence scale and victim of bullying California scale. The collected data were analyzed applying SPSS-16 software via ANCOVA method. Results: The finding of the present study demonstrated a significant positive impact of developed social problem solving training on all components of social competence students victim of bullying, (PConclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of developed program to promote social competence on students victim of bullying. It is suggested that social problem solving training program as part of training courses for all Trustees involved with students to promote coping skills students victims of bullying.
Asiye Moradi; Ziba Barghi Irani; Mohammad Javad Bagiyan Koulemarz; Kolsoum Kariminejad; Maryam Zabet
Volume 6, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 57-82
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the current research was to examine factor determination and psychometric features of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Method: The research design was correlational study. The population was college students and clients in psychotherapy and counseling centers ...
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Aim: The aim of the current research was to examine factor determination and psychometric features of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Method: The research design was correlational study. The population was college students and clients in psychotherapy and counseling centers in Kermanshah. The nonclinical student sample was 250 subjects selected randomly (simple) from among the students of the Razi University. Overall, the clients in psychotherapy and counseling clinics in Kermanshah were 100 persons selected by convenient sampling and completed the multidimensional experiential avoidance questionnaire, positive and negative affect schedule, acceptance and action questionnaire-second version, revised questionnaire of personality and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (for divergent validation). To analyze the data, factor analysis method, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and Pearson correlation were run by SPSS 22 and AMOS 21. Results: The result indicated that there were direct and significant relationships among experiential avoidance with negative affect, acceptance and action, negative emotion regulation strategies and neuroticism (P≤0/001). Furthermore, there was a reverse and significant relationship between positive effects and positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation (P≤0/001). The results of discriminant validity showed that there were significant differences between two groups of clinical and nonclinical in behavioral avoidance, confusion disgust, procrastination, distraction/stop, denial, repression and distress tolerance (P≤0/001). The results from confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 44 items into 6 factors. The amounts of Goodness of fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) were at an acceptable level. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for total of the questionnaire was 0.842, behavioral avoidance 0.891, confusion disgust 0.828, procrastination 0.794, distraction/stop 0.681, denial/repression 0.822, and for distress tolerance 0.818. Conclusion: The Persian version of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire in college students population and clinical people have the acceptable psychometric features and might be used as a valid instrument in psychological studies.
Mohammad Oraki; Shima Heidari
Volume 3, special , March 2015, , Pages 59-70
Abstract
Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of action video games on the visual selective attention of children with dyslexia. Method: The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. A total number of 30 male students aged 9 to 11 years with dyslexia ...
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Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of action video games on the visual selective attention of children with dyslexia. Method: The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. A total number of 30 male students aged 9 to 11 years with dyslexia in the city of khorramdareh were selected by simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group took part in 9 sessions (each session for 80 minutes) in an action video game. Data collection was done by using Stroop test, Raven test of intelligence, and CSI-4’s sub-scale including ADHD Test. Data were analyzed using Ancova. Results: The Results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the rate of correct responses, congruent and incongruent Stroop test, the amount of reaction time, and the amount of test time. Conclusion: Results showed that playing action video game increased subjects’ visual selective attention in the experimental group. Furthermore, the results of delayed post-test indicated the stability of the results in the experimental group after 2 months.
sajjad basharpoor; sahar khoshsorour
Abstract
Objective: Self-disgust as a negative self-conscious emotion schema is associated with psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS). Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate ...
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Objective: Self-disgust as a negative self-conscious emotion schema is associated with psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS). Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate students of the Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch in the academic year 98-99, among whom 324 students (201 females, 123 males) were selected randomly by multistage sampling, and they responded to the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale, the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation using SPSSand AMOS. Results: Results of the exploratory factor analysis showed 4 factors with eigenvalues higher than 1 which explained 50/35% of the total variance. Also, confirmatory factor analysis indicators also implied the optimal fitness of four-factor model of this scale. The total reliability of the scale was estimated to be respectively 0.91 and 0.87 using Cronbach’s alpha and split half. Convergent validity and divergent validity were also confirmed by calculating scale correlation through the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale respectively (p < 0.01). Also, this scale had a positive and significant correlation with neuroticism and a negative and significant correlation with openness to experience (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (MSDS) is characterized by relatively proper validity and reliability for application in Iranian samples and can be a suitable tool in the researches of thisfield.
Salaam Rahimi; Fatemeh Alipoor
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental Disorders are disorders in which the development of the brain or central nervous system is impaired during development and, as a person grows, they negatively affect memory, learning ability, emotions, and social relationships. To improve the dimensions of development, including cognitive, ...
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders are disorders in which the development of the brain or central nervous system is impaired during development and, as a person grows, they negatively affect memory, learning ability, emotions, and social relationships. To improve the dimensions of development, including cognitive, emotional, emotional and social cognition of these people, there are various programs, among which teaching the theory of mind, is one of the most controversial issues in developmental psychology. The present study was conducted by meta-analysis method with the aim of combining the researches done in the field of teaching the theory of mind and developmental dimensions of learners with developmental neurological disorders. The statistical population of the present meta-analysis is the available research related to teaching the theory of mind and the dimensions of growth, which were published between 2009 and 1400. Based on the defined criteria of entry and exit of initial studies and sensitivity analysis, 64 effect sizes from 22 initial studies were reviewed and analyzed by CMA software. The results showed that the effect size of the random model summary was equal to 0.687 which was statistically significant and indicates the positive effect of teaching the theory of mind and applying it on the developmental dimensions cognition of children.
